| 词条 | Tadao Ando | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Tadao Ando | image = Tadao Ando 2004.jpg | caption = Tadao Ando (2004) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|9|13|df=yes}} | birth_place = Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Japanese | awards = {{ubl|Alvar Aalto Medal, 1985|Carlsberg Architectural Prize, 1992|Pritzker Prize, 1995|RIBA Royal Gold Medal, 1997|AIA Gold Medal, 2002|Neutra Medal for Professional Excellence, 2012}} | practice = Tadao Ando Architects & Associates | significant_buildings = {{ubl|Row House, Sumiyoshi, 1979| Church of the Light, Osaka, 1989|Water Temple, Awaji, 1991}} | significant_projects = Rokko Housing I, II, III, Kobe, 1983–1999 | significant_design = }}{{nihongo|Tadao Ando|安藤 忠雄|Andō Tadao|born 13 September 1941}} is a Japanese self-taught architect[1][2] whose approach to architecture and landscape was categorized by architectural historian Francesco Dal Co as "critical regionalism". He is the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Early lifeAndo was born a few minutes before his twin brother in 1941 in Osaka, Japan.[3] At the age of two, his family chose to separate them, and have Tadao live with his grandmother.[3] He worked as a boxer before settling on the profession of architect, despite never having formal training in the field. Struck by the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Imperial Hotel on a trip to Tokyo as a second-year high school student, he eventually decided to end his boxing career less than two years after graduating from high school to pursue architecture.[4] He attended night classes to learn drawing and took correspondence courses on interior design.[5] He visited buildings designed by renowned architects like Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Kahn before returning to Osaka in 1968 to establish his own design studio, Tadao Ando Architects and Associates.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} CareerStyleAndo was raised in Japan where the religion and style of life strongly influenced his architecture and design. Ando's architectural style is said to create a "haiku" effect, emphasizing nothingness and empty space to represent the beauty of simplicity. He favors designing complex (yet beautifully simple) spatial circulation while maintaining the appearance of simplicity. A self-taught architect, he keeps his Japanese culture and language in mind while he travels around Europe for research. As an architect, he believes that architecture can change society, that "to change the dwelling is to change the city and to reform society".[6] "Reform society" could be a promotion of a place or a change of the identity of that place. Werner Blaser has said, "Good buildings by Tadao Ando create memorable identity and therefore publicity, which in turn attracts the public and promotes market penetration".[7] The simplicity of his architecture emphasizes the concept of sensation and physical experiences, mainly influenced by Japanese culture. The religious term Zen, focuses on the concept of simplicity and concentrates on inner feeling rather than outward appearance. Zen influences vividly show in Ando's work and became its distinguishing mark. In order to practice the idea of simplicity, Ando's architecture is mostly constructed with concrete, providing a sense of cleanliness and weightlessness (even though concrete is a heavy material) at the same time. Due to the simplicity of the exterior, construction, and organization of the space are relatively potential in order to represent the aesthetic of sensation. Besides Japanese religious architecture, Ando has also designed Christian churches, such as the Church of the Light (1989) and the Church in Tarumi (1993). Although Japanese and Christian churches display distinct characteristics, Ando treats them in a similar way. He believes there should be no difference in designing religious architecture and houses. As he explains, We do not need to differentiate one from the other. Dwelling in a house is not only a functional issue, but also a spiritual one. The house is the locus of heart (kokoro), and the heart is the locus of god. Dwelling in a house is a search for the heart (kokoro) as the locus of god, just as one goes to church to search for god. An important role of the church is to enhance this sense of the spiritual. In a spiritual place, people find peace in their heart (kokoro), as in their homeland.[8] Besides speaking of the spirit of architecture, Ando also emphasises the association between nature and architecture. He intends for people to easily experience the spirit and beauty of nature through architecture. He believes architecture is responsible for performing the attitude of the site and makes it visible. This not only represents his theory of the role of architecture in society but also shows why he spends so much time studying architecture from physical experience. In 1995, Ando won the Pritzker Prize for architecture, considered the highest distinction in the field.[2] He donated the $100,000 prize money to the orphans of the 1995 Kobe earthquake.[9] Buildings and worksTadao Ando's body of work is known for the creative use of natural light and for structures that follow natural forms of the landscape, rather than disturbing the landscape by making it conform to the constructed space of a building. Ando's buildings are often characterized by complex three-dimensional circulation paths. These paths weave in between interior and exterior spaces formed both inside large-scale geometric shapes and in the spaces between them. His "Row House in Sumiyoshi" (Azuma House, 住吉の長屋), a small two-story, cast-in-place concrete house completed in 1976, is an early work which began to show elements of his characteristic style. It consists of three equal rectangular volumes: two enclosed volumes of interior spaces separated by an open courtyard. The courtyard's position between the two interior volumes becomes an integral part of the house's circulation system. The house is famous for the contrast between appearance and spatial organization which allow people to experience the richness of the space within the geometry. Ando's housing complex at Rokko, just outside Kobe, is a complex warren of terraces and balconies, atriums and shafts. The designs for Rokko Housing One (1983) and for Rokko Housing Two (1993) illustrate a range of issues in traditional architectural vocabulary—the interplay of solid and void, the alternatives of open and closed, the contrasts of light and darkness. More significantly, Ando's noteworthy engineering achievement in these clustered buildings is site specific—the structures survived undamaged after the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995.[10] New York Times architectural critic Paul Goldberger argues that: Ando is right in the Japanese tradition: spareness has always been a part of Japanese architecture, at least since the 16th century; [and] it is not without reason that Frank Lloyd Wright more freely admitted to the influences of Japanese architecture than of anything American."[10] Like Wright's Imperial Hotel in Tokyo Second Imperial Hotel 1923-1968, which did survive the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, site specific decision-making, anticipates seismic activity in several of Ando's Hyōgo-Awaji buildings.[11] Projects
Wrightwood 659. Chicago, IL 2018 Awards{{BLP sources section|date=June 2013}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Tadao_Ando.html|title=Tadao Ando - Great Buildings Online|author=|date=|website=www.greatbuildings.com|accessdate=7 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910020807/http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Tadao_Ando.html|archivedate=10 September 2017|df=}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.pritzkerprize.com/1995/bio |title=Biography: Tadao Ando |author= |date= |website=The Pritzker Architecture Prize |publisher= |accessdate=4 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109153828/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/1995/bio |archivedate=9 November 2017 |df= }} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2005-A-Fi/Ando-Tadao.html|title=Tadao Ando|work=Encyclopedia of World Biography|publisher=Advameg, Inc.|accessdate=18 November 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129065212/http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2005-A-Fi/Ando-Tadao.html|archivedate=29 November 2014|df=}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20120829000936|title=일본의 건축 거장 안도 다다오..."늘 도전하고 스스로 깨뜨려라"|last=헤럴드경제|date=2012-08-29|access-date=2017-10-16|language=ko|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016174057/http://news.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20120829000936|archivedate=2017-10-16|df=}} 5. ^Makiko Kitamura (September 29, 2009), [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aucot6gFTq_Y Bono’s Home Designer Ando Plans Art Center at Provence Winery] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924185602/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aucot6gFTq_Y |date=2015-09-24 }} Bloomberg. 6. ^Masao Furuyama. “Tadao Ando”. Taschen, 2006. {{ISBN|978-3-8228-4895-1}}. 7. ^Werner Blaser, Tadao Ando, Architecktur der Stille, Architecture of Silence Birkhäuser, 2001. {{ISBN|3-7643-6448-3}}. 8. ^Jin Baek, Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space. Routledge, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-415-47854-0}}. 9. ^Muschamp, Herbert. (1995). [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE0DF1E39F932A1575AC0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=3 "Among the Fountains with Tadao Ando; Concrete Dreams In the Sun King's Court,"] New York Times. September 21, 1995. 10. ^1 Goldberger, Paul. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE0DF103AF930A15757C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=3 "Architecture View: 'Laureate' in a Land of Zen and Microchips,"] The New York Times. April 23, 1995. 11. ^Bassin, Joan. "Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019000503/http://www.nbm.org/blueprints/summer96/page4/page4.htm |date=2007-10-19 }}, National Building Museum exhibition. 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://whatwedoissecret.alabonfire.com/2006/10/an-encounter/ |title=An Encounter |last=Nobi |first=Sacré |date=25 October 2006 |website=What We Do Is Secret |publisher= |accessdate=19 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326191721/http://whatwedoissecret.alabonfire.com/2006/10/an-encounter/ |archivedate=26 March 2011}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://architecture.mit.edu/~barandon/4.203/overview_page.htm |title=The Church of Light - Tadao Ando |date=25 November 2001 |accessdate=19 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408003658/http://architecture.mit.edu/~barandon/4.203/overview_page.htm |archivedate=8 April 2007}} 14. ^{{cite web |author=Michelle Chan |url=http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/mellin/arch671/winter2000/mchan/precedents/ando.html |title=Church of the Light - Tadao Ando |publisher=Arch.mcgill.ca |date=2000-02-23 |accessdate=2014-01-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909011331/http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/mellin/arch671/winter2000/mchan/precedents/ando.html |archivedate=2015-09-09 |df= }} 15. ^Floornature - architectural news, design and information resource for ceramic tile and stone {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040915013323/http://www.floornature.com/worldaround/articolo.php/art34/3/en/arch |date=2004-09-15 }} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Ingrid K|title=Japanese Island as Unlikely Arts Installation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/28/travel/naoshima-japan-an-unlikely-island-as-art-attraction.html|accessdate=13 December 2016|publisher=The New York Times|date=26 August 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220152255/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/28/travel/naoshima-japan-an-unlikely-island-as-art-attraction.html|archivedate=20 December 2016|df=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naoshima-is.co.jp/english/%5D|title=ベネッセアートサイト直島|author=|date=|website=ベネッセアートサイト直島|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.asahibeer-oyamazaki.com/english/ |title=Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art |publisher=Asahibeer-oyamazaki.com |date=2013-12-26 |accessdate=2014-01-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103212442/http://www.asahibeer-oyamazaki.com/english/ |archivedate=2014-01-03 |df= }} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org#y=34560983&x=135008144&z=16&l=21&m=a|title=Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!|author=|date=|website=wikimapia.org|accessdate=7 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61CZ2O6Sc?url=http://wikimapia.org/#y=34560983&x=135008144&z=16&l=21&m=a|archivedate=25 August 2011|df=dmy-all}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.artm.pref.hyogo.jp/eng/access/archtect/arc/index.html|title=Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art|author=|first=|date=|website=Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art_Architectural Overview|publisher=|accessdate=28 September 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928150142/http://www.artm.pref.hyogo.jp/eng/access/archtect/arc/index.html|archivedate=28 September 2017|df=}} 21. ^Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040814044441/http://www.themodern.org/newando.html |date=2004-08-14 }} 22. ^Chichu Art Museum {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050428023629/http://www.chichu.jp/ |date=2005-04-28 }} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.langenfoundation.de/ |title=Langen Foundation |publisher=Langenfoundation.de |date= |accessdate=2014-01-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124065614/http://www.langenfoundation.de/ |archivedate=2013-01-24 |df= }} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tadao-ando.com/bio_worksE.html |title=Works 安藤忠雄 Tadao Ando |publisher=Tadao-ando.com |date= |accessdate=2014-01-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128161043/http://www.tadao-ando.com/bio_worksE.html |archivedate=2014-01-28 |df= }} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.andotadao.org/clark/ |title=Clark Art Institute |publisher=Andotadao.org |date=2009-03-14 |accessdate=2014-01-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172124/http://www.andotadao.org/clark/ |archivedate=2015-09-23 |df= }} 26. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Shim |first=Youngkyu |date=19 November 2013 |title=Here, Now, Ando Tadao |url=http://www.vmspace.com/eng/sub_emagazine_view.asp?category=people&idx=11783 |journal=Space Magazine |location=Seoul |publisher= |accessdate=8 November 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108221750/http://www.vmspace.com/eng/sub_emagazine_view.asp?category=people&idx=11783 |archivedate=8 November 2014 |df= }} 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.palazzograssi.it/ |title=Arte contemporanea | Palazzo Grassi |language=it |publisher=Palazzograssi.it |date=2013-12-18 |accessdate=2014-01-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111061043/http://www.palazzograssi.it/ |archivedate=2014-01-11 |df= }} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://japanfakta.se|title=Tokyo sky tree|publisher=stad|accessdate=2014-04-06|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408212847/http://japanfakta.se/|archivedate=2014-04-08|df=}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.batangastoday.com/tokyo-sky-tree-tower-worlds-tallest-broadcast-tower-designed-by-tadao-ando-and-kiichi-sumikawa/10432/ |title=Tokyo Sky Tree Tower |publisher=batangastoday.com |accessdate=6 April 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080424/http://www.batangastoday.com/tokyo-sky-tree-tower-worlds-tallest-broadcast-tower-designed-by-tadao-ando-and-kiichi-sumikawa/10432/ |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df= }} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BuildingDetail/954.php |title=Building detail |publisher=Glasstreelandstone.com |accessdate=6 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430152158/http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BuildingDetail/954.php |archivedate=30 April 2013 |df= }} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://kenchiqoo.net/english/archives/000786.html|title=NIWAKA Kyoto flagship store / Tadao Ando: TATEMOG|author=|date=|website=kenchiqoo.net|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 32. ^{{cite news |last=Woo-young |first=Lee |date=16 May 2013 |title=Nature and art become one at Hansol Museum |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130516000695 |newspaper=The Korea Herald |location=Seoul |accessdate=4 April 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102074552/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130516000695 |archivedate=2 November 2013 |df= }} 33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://casawabi.org/quehacemos/|title=Acerca de..About|website=casawabi|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-09|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410052516/http://casawabi.org/quehacemos/|archivedate=2017-04-10|df=}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=http://webzine.etri.re.kr/eng/20170126/sub02.html|title=Insight Trip_Jaeneung Culture Center and Naksan Park|last=|first=|date=|website=webzine.etri.re.kr|language=|access-date=2017-09-28|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928193438/http://webzine.etri.re.kr/eng/20170126/sub02.html|archivedate=2017-09-28|df=}} 35. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thepolypost.com/news/env-college-awards-architect-tadao-ando/article_fe432bc6-7d2a-11e1-9860-0019bb30f31a.html|title=ENV college awards architect Tadao Ando|work=The Poly Post|access-date=2017-09-29|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509043933/http://www.thepolypost.com/news/env-college-awards-architect-tadao-ando/article_fe432bc6-7d2a-11e1-9860-0019bb30f31a.html|archivedate=2012-05-09|df=}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=325903|title=Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana|first=Segretariato generale della Presidenza della Repubblica-Servizio sistemi informatici- reparto|last=web|date=|website=Quirinale|accessdate=7 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707212717/http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=325903|archivedate=7 July 2014|df=}} Literature
External links{{Commons category|Tadao Ando}}
17 : 1941 births|Living people|People from Osaka|Tadao Ando buildings|20th-century Japanese architects|21st-century Japanese architects|Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy|Pritzker Architecture Prize winners|Osaka University of Arts alumni|University of Tokyo faculty|Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal|Recipients of the Order of Culture|Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale|Members of the Académie d'architecture|Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Japanese male boxers|Honorary Members of the Royal Academy |
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