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词条 Richard Cornish (shipmaster)
释义

  1. Rape accusations

  2. Trial

  3. Legacy

  4. References

Richard Cornish, also known as Richard Williams, was an English ship captain.[1] He is known for being accused of raping an indentured servant, William Couse,[2] and is reported to have been one of the earliest people, if not the first person, to have been hanged for sodomy in what would eventually become the United States.[3][4]

Rape accusations

In 1624 Cornish was ship master of the Ambrose, which was harbored in the James River of August of that year.[5] During this time Couse worked on the Ambrose and was ordered to put clean sheets on Cornish's bed, upon which point Couse alleged that his master had been drunk and made a sexual advance upon him.[6][7] Despite Couse's refusal, Cornish was then reported to have forcibly sodomized Couse.[8] He also reported that Cornish also later sexually fondled him on numerous occasions and also humiliated him in front of the rest of the crew.[5]

Trial

Couse left the ship and charged Cornish with forcible sodomy. Cornish was given a trial, during which one of his crew members reported overhearing a conversation between Couse and Cornish that corroborated part but not all of Couse's claims.[7] The trial ended with Cornish being found guilty and sentenced to hang, which happened on an unspecified date in early 1625.[5]

This conviction and execution was challenged by several people - most notably Edward Nevell and Thomas Hatch, both of whom were indentured servants.[5] Both men felt that Cornish was innocent and that his death was wrongful on the part of Virginia's governor, Nevell going so far as to tell Cornish's brother of his beliefs. These remarks were seen as offensive as they put the blame for Cornish's death on the Virginian governor Sir Francis Wyatt and both men were severely punished for their comments.[9] Nevell had both of his ears cut off and was unable to become a free man in Virginia while Hatch only lost one ear, but was whipped and his service contract was extended for an additional seven years.[7]

Legacy

In 1993 the William and Mary Gay and Lesbian Alumni created the Richard Cornish Endowment Fund for Gay and Lesbian Resources.[7]

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Stewart|first1=Chuck|title=Proud Heritage: People, Issues, and Documents of the LGBT Experience|date=2014|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=9781610693998|page=365|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8r2aBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA365&dq=Richard+Cornish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAzgUahUKEwjFoIfm2Z7HAhWFkg0KHdczD3U#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Cornish&f=false|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Norton|first1=Rictor|title=The Trial of Richard Cornish 1624|url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/cornish.htm|publisher=Rictor Norton|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Marschak|first1=Beth|last2=Lorch|first2=Alex|title=Lesbian and Gay Richmond|date=2008|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9780738553689|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMAg_NnwQUC&pg=PA9&dq=Richard+Cornish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAzgeahUKEwja-ort2Z7HAhVFlA0KHehzDxE#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Cornish&f=false|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Walter L.|authorlink1=Walter Lee Williams|last2=Retter|first2=Yolanda|authorlink2=Yolanda Retter|title=Gay and Lesbian Rights in the United States: A Documentary History|date=2003|publisher=Greenwood Press|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VikbAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Richard+Cornish%22&dq=%22Richard+Cornish%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEMQ6AEwCDhGahUKEwj-zZ6V5Z7HAhXM0IAKHWCiACE|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Godbeer|first1=Richard|title=Sexual Revolution in Early America|date=2002|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801868009|pages=123-124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqziSLv9bgC&pg=PA123&dq=Richard+Cornish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwjs7-2c1J7HAhVCkA0KHdEdB1g#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Cornish&f=false|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Neill|first1=James|title=The Origins and Role of Same-Sex Relations in Human Societies|date=2011|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0786469269|pages=412-413|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ha9GgWNmy0C&pg=PA412&dq=Richard+Cornish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBzgKahUKEwjs7-2c1J7HAhVCkA0KHdEdB1g#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Cornish&f=false|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Murrin|first1=John M.|title=Richard Cornish, alias Richard Williams (d. after January 3, 1625)|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Cornish_Richard_alias_Richard_Williams_d_after_January_3_1625|publisher=Encyclopedia Virginia|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
8. ^{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Bruce R.|title=Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare's England: A Cultural Poetics|date=1995|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226763668|pages=194-195|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gp--gBflABsC&pg=PA194&dq=Richard+Cornish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEsQ6AEwCTgUahUKEwjFoIfm2Z7HAhWFkg0KHdczD3U#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Cornish&f=false|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Burg|first1=B. R.|title=Sodomy and the Pirate Tradition|date=1995|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9780814712351|page=39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGqxfkOC8lkC&pg=PA39&dq=Richard+Cornish&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwATgyahUKEwjJqIrh2p7HAhXOhA0KHV_mCpk#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Cornish&f=false|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cornish, Richard}}

5 : Year of birth missing|1625 deaths|People executed by the Thirteen Colonies by hanging|Nautical captains|People executed for rape
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