| 词条 | Taglish | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Taglish, or less commonly Englog, is code-switching in the use of English and Tagalog, the most common languages of the Philippines. The words Taglish and Englog are portmanteaus of the words Tagalog and English. Taglish is widely used in the Philippines, but is also used by Filipinos in overseas communities. It also has several variants, including Coño English, Jejenese and Swardspeak. CharacteristicsTaglish is a language of Manila created by mixing the English and Tagalog languages together.[1][2][3] Next to switching between sentences in "pure" Tagalog and English, Taglish speech especially consists of sentences that follow the rules of Tagalog grammar with Tagalog syntax and morphology, but that employ English nouns and verbs in place of their Tagalog counterparts. Examples:
English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb. The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda-drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag-Internet meaning have used the Internet. Taglish and Englog also use sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:
Because of its informal nature, experts of English and Tagalog discourage its use.[6][7][8][9] There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel “Bullet With A Name” (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey,[10] the love novel “Aeternum Dream” (2018) by Harkin Deximire [11][12], and more. FormsSwardspeakSwardspeak is a kind of Taglish/Englog used by the bakla demographic of the Philippines. It is a form of slang that uses words and terms from Tagalog, English, Spanish, Cebuano and Hiligaynon as well as Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Sanskrit, and several other languages. Names of celebrities, fictional characters, and trademarks are also used.[13][14]Coño EnglishCoño English (Tagalog: Konyo) or Colegiala English ({{IPA-es|/koleˈxjala/|lang|}}) is a creole of Taglish/Englog that originated from the younger generations of rich families in Manila.[15] The word coño itself came from the Spanish word coño. It is a form of Philippine English that has mixed Spanish, English, and Tagalog words. The most common aspect of Coño English is the building of verbs by using the English word make with the base form of a Tagalog action word:
And adding conjunction word like so before using a Tagalog adjective to finish the sentence. Examples:
Sometimes, Tagalog interjections such as ano, naman, pa, na (or nah), no (or noh), a (or ha), e (or eh), and o (or oh) are placed to add emphasis. No and a (from the Tagalog word ano) are used for questions and are added only to the end of a sentence. Ano (meaning what) is also used for questions and is placed in the front or the end. E (added to answers to questions) and o (for statements) are used for exclamations and are added to the front only. Pa (meaning not yet, not yet done, to continue, or still) and na (meaning now, already, or already done) can be placed in the middle or end. Naman (the same as na but mostly only for emphasus) is placed anywhere. The interjection no? (equal to the Spanish ¿no? and the German nicht?) is pronounced as {{IPA|/no/}} or {{IPA|/nɔ/}}, with a pure vowel instead of the English glide, which shows influence from Spanish.
English adjectives are often replaced with Tagalog verbs. The language also has many Spanish words like baño ("bathroom"), tostado ("toasted") and jamón ("ham").
The feminine sound of Coño English makes male speakers sometimes overuse the Tagalog word pare (which means "pal" or "buddy") to make it sound more masculine. Sometimes tsong (same meaning) is used instead of pare or with it:
Taglish spoken
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2005/03/07/the-globalization-of-english|title=The Globalization of English|work=WebProNews|publisher=www.webpronews.com|accessdate=2008-01-01|last=|first=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230102118/http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2005/03/07/the-globalization-of-english|archivedate=2007-12-30|df=}} 2. ^Wikang Taglish, Kamulatang Taglish, article by Virgilio S. Almario. 3. ^PAGASA VOWS : No more jargon, just plain ‘Taglish,’ in weather reports. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Posted date: March 23, 2011. 4. ^1 2 [https://archive.is/20130630040518/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=366138 Taglish is not the enemy]. October 30, 2006 12:00 AM. The Philippine Star. 5. ^Experts discourage use of ‘Taglish’ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211204500/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20091104-234235/Experts-discourage-use-of-Taglish |date=2015-02-11 }}. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. 20:58:00 11/04/2009 6. ^Tagalog, English, or Taglish?. Manila Bulletin. March 20, 2005, 8:00am 7. ^Filipino English, not Taglish. Manila Bulletin. September 7, 2004, 8:00am. 8. ^Stop using ‘Taglish,’ teachers, students told. Manila Bulletin. June 1, 2006, 8:00am. 9. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/02/world/manila-journal-land-of-100-tongues-but-not-a-single-language.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm Manila Journal; Land of 100 Tongues, but Not a Single Language]. The New York Times. Published: December 02, 1987. 10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/198201122X/|title=Bullet With A Name|last=Nimwey|first=Kirsten|date=2018-04-15|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|isbn=9781982011222|pages=302|language=Taglish}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Aeternum-Dream-Tagalog-Harkin-Deximire/dp/1718940912/|title=Aeternum Dream|last=Deximire|first=Harkin|date=2018-07-12|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|year=|isbn=9781718940918|location=|pages=372|language=Taglish}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.deviantart.com/harkindeximire/art/Aeternum-Dream-Second-Book-755075624|title=Aeternum Dream (Second Book)|website=DeviantArt|access-date=2018-11-14}} 13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/6340-gayspeak-not-gor-gays-only.html |title= Gayspeak: Not for gays only |date= 30 April 2010 |work= |publisher= http://www.thepoc.net |accessdate= 23 December 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101201034008/http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/6340-gayspeak-not-gor-gays-only.html |archivedate= 1 December 2010 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.philjol.info/index.php/KK/article/viewPDFInterstitial/754/699|title= GAY LANGUAGE: DEFYING THE STRUCTURAL LIMITS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES|date= August 2008|work= Kritika Kultura, Issue 11|publisher= Kritika Kultura|accessdate= 25 December 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090324065359/http://www.philjol.info/index.php/KK/article/viewPDFInterstitial/754/699|archive-date= 2009-03-24|dead-url= yes|df= }} 15. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=7GlcaOkztQUC&pg=PA34&dq=Konyo+English&hl=fil&ei=x9QZTsKPNOr-mAXoxJT1Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Konyo%20English&f=false The Routledge concise history of Southeast Asian writing in English]. Routledge. 2010. New York City. External links
3 : English language|Tagalog language|Code-switching |
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