| 词条 | Tahlequah, Oklahoma |
| 释义 |
|name = Tahlequah, Oklahoma | native_name = {{native name|chr|ᏓᎵᏆ|italics=off}} |settlement_type = City |nickname = |motto = "City Of Firsts" |image_skyline = Tahlequah, Oklahoma.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Downtown Tahlequah |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Cherokee County Oklahoma incorporated and unincorporated areas Tahlequah highlighted.svg |mapsize = 260px |map_caption = Location within Cherokee County and the state of Oklahoma | pushpin_map = USA Oklahoma#USA | pushpin_label = Tahlequah | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{USA}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Oklahoma}} |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Cherokee |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Jason Nichols |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = Cherokee Nation |established_date = founded 1838; second capital city |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [1] |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 32.2 |area_land_km2 = 32.2 |area_water_km2 = 0.0 |area_total_sq_mi = 12.45 |area_land_sq_mi = 12.45 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.0 |population_as_of = 2013 |population_footnotes = [2] |population_total = 16,359 |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone =Central (CST) |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 243 |elevation_ft = 797 |coordinates = {{coord|35|54|46|N|94|58|17|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 74464-74465 |area_code = 539/918 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 40-72100 [3] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1098721 [4] |website = cityoftahlequah.com |footnotes = }}Tahlequah ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|æ|l|ə|k|w|ɑː}} {{respell|TAL|ə|kwah}}; Cherokee: ᏓᎵᏆ)[5] is a city in Cherokee County, Oklahoma, United States located at the foothills of the Ozark Mountains. It is part of the Green Country region of Oklahoma and was established as a capital of the 19th-century Cherokee Nation in 1839, as part of the new settlement in Indian Territory after the Cherokee Native Americans were forced west from the American Southeast on the Trail of Tears. The city's population was 15,753 at the 2010 census, an increase of 8.96 percent from 14,458 at the 2000 census.[6] The 2014 estimated population is 16,496.[7] It is the county seat of Cherokee County.[8] The main campus of Northeastern State University is located in the city. Tahlequah is the capital of the two federally recognized Cherokee tribes based in Oklahoma, the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians and the modern Cherokee Nation. It is the Capital of the Cherokee Nation HistoryEtymologyMany linguists believe the word 'Tahlequah' (Tah-le-quah) and the word 'Teh-li-co' are the same as 'di li gwa', the Cherokee word for grain or rice. (See Cherokee Nation Lexicon (dikaneisdi) at cherokee.org under culture/language). Scholars report the Cherokee word 'di li gwa' describes a type of native grain with a red hue that grew in the flat open areas of east Tennessee. One area, Great Tellico (Tellico Plains, Tennessee), was named for the grass with the red seed tops. Others interpret a word 'tel-i-quah' as 'plains'; however, there is no word for 'plains' in the Cherokee lexicon, and the word 'tel-i-quah' is not found in the lexicon. The idea that 'tahlequah' means 'plains' lends weight to the belief that the name refers to the wide open grassy areas of Great Tellico. Local legend states the name is derived from Cherokee words 'ta-li' and 'ye-li-quu' meaning 'just two' or 'two is enough'. Supposedly three tribal elders had planned to meet to determine the location of the Cherokee Nation's permanent capital. Two elders arrived and waited for the third. As dusk approached, they decided that 'two is enough', or 'ta-li-ye-li-quu' which later became anglicanized to Tahlequah. According to tribal elders and Cherokee County elders, this legend first began to circulate in the 1930s. Tahlequah was a settlement as early as 1832. After the Western Cherokee agreed in 1834 to let the newer migrants settle near them, they joined their government with the Eastern Cherokee at Tahlequah in 1839. Tahlequah was named long before it was chosen as the Cherokee capital. Cherokee Nation capitalIn 1839, Tahlequah was designated the capital of ancestors of both the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. Initially the government buildings were a complex of log or framed structures. Most of these buildings were destroyed during the Civil War, during which the Cherokee became divided into two bitterly opposing sides. After the war, a brick capitol was built and first occupied in 1870. In 1907, at the time of Oklahoma statehood, the building was converted into the Cherokee County courthouse. It was returned to the Cherokee Nation in 1970.[9] Several markers of Cherokee and Native American heritage are found in town: street signs and business signs are noted in both the Cherokee language and English. Such signs use the syllabary created by Sequoyah, a Cherokee scholar of the 1820s who created the writing system. The Cherokee Supreme Court Building, located in downtown Tahlequah and constructed in 1844, is the oldest public building in Oklahoma.[10] GeographyTahlequah is located at {{coord|35|54|55|N|94|58|12|W|type:city}} (35.9153700, -94.9699560).[11] The city has a total area of 12.45 square miles (32.2 km²), all land.[12] {{Weather box|location = Tahlequah 1981-2010, extremes 1900-2008| single line = Y | Jan high F = 49.0 | Feb high F = 54.0 | Mar high F = 63.4 | Apr high F = 72.1 | May high F = 78.5 | Jun high F = 85.5 | Jul high F = 90.8 | Aug high F = 91.5 | Sep high F = 83.5 | Oct high F = 73.0 | Nov high F = 61.4 | Dec high F = 50.2 | year high F = | Jan low F = 27.1 | Feb low F = 31.5 | Mar low F = 39.8 | Apr low F = 48.4 | May low F = 57.3 | Jun low F = 65.0 | Jul low F = 69.2 | Aug low F = 68.1 | Sep low F = 60.4 | Oct low F = 49.5 | Nov low F = 39.5 | Dec low F = 29.5 | year low F = | Jan record high F = 78 | Feb record high F = 88 | Mar record high F = 96 | Apr record high F = 94 | May record high F = 97 | Jun record high F = 108 | Jul record high F = 118 | Aug record high F = 118 | Sep record high F = 109 | Oct record high F = 98 | Nov record high F = 89 | Dec record high F = 80 | year record high F = | Jan record low F = -23 | Feb record low F = -13 | Mar record low F = -10 | Apr record low F = 19 | May record low F = 30 | Jun record low F = 41 | Jul record low F = 40 | Aug record low F = 45 | Sep record low F = 28 | Oct record low F = 16 | Nov record low F = 6 | Dec record low F = -14 | year record low F = | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 2.58 | Feb precipitation inch = 2.65 | Mar precipitation inch = 4.10 | Apr precipitation inch = 4.03 | May precipitation inch = 6.26 | Jun precipitation inch = 5.20 | Jul precipitation inch = 4.40 | Aug precipitation inch = 3.87 | Sep precipitation inch = 5.14 | Oct precipitation inch = 4.61 | Nov precipitation inch = 4.30 | Dec precipitation inch = 3.09 | year precipitation inch = | Jan snow inch = 2.1 | Feb snow inch = 1.9 | Mar snow inch = 1.0 | Apr snow inch = 0.0 | May snow inch = 0.0 | Jun snow inch = 0.0 | Jul snow inch = 0.0 | Aug snow inch = 0.0 | Sep snow inch = 0.0 | Oct snow inch = 0.0 | Nov snow inch = 0.2 | Dec snow inch = 0.9 | year snow inch = | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 6 | Feb precipitation days = 6 | Mar precipitation days = 7 | Apr precipitation days = 9 | May precipitation days = 9 | Jun precipitation days = 8 | Jul precipitation days = 6 | Aug precipitation days = 6 | Sep precipitation days = 7 | Oct precipitation days = 6 | Nov precipitation days = 6 | Dec precipitation days = 6 | year precipitation days = | source 1 = WRCC http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ok8677 }} Demographics{{US Census population|1900= 1482 |1910= 2891 |1920= 2271 |1930= 2495 |1940= 3027 |1950= 4750 |1960= 5840 |1970= 9254 |1980= 9708 |1990= 10398 |2000= 14458 |2010= 15753 |estyear=2015 |estimate=16598 |estref=[13] |footnote=Sources: U.S. Decennial Census[15] }} As of the 2010 census,[16] there were 15,753 people, 6,111 households, and 3,351 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,312.75 per square mile (506.5/km²). There were 6,857 housing units at an average density of 571.4 per square mile (220.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 53.8% White, 2.4% African American, 30.0% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from other races, and 8.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.8% of the population. Out of 6,111 households, 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.5% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.2% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 23.6% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males. As of 2013, the median household income was $29,114 and the median family income was $43,940. Males had a median income of $32,475 versus $27,939 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,003. About 20.7% of families and 33.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.2% of those under age 18 and 21.8% of those age 65 or over.[17] Many people in Tahlequah speak Cherokee, and there is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade with the Cherokee language as the medium of instruction, and no English.[18] EducationPrimary and secondary educationEducation within the Tahlequah city limits consists of one early learning center serving students in Pre-K: Sequoyah; three elementary schools serving students in Kindergarten through 4th grade: Greenwood, Cherokee, and Heritage; one middle school with grades 5 through 8: Tahlequah Middle School; and one high school with grades 9-12: Tahlequah High School. Tahlequah High School serves as the main high school within the county as well and is fed by other rural Pre-K through 8th grade schools within Cherokee County. The Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma educates students from pre-school through eighth grade.[18] Because Oklahoma's official language is English, Cherokee immersion students are hindered when taking state-mandated tests because they have little competence in English.[19] The Department of Education of Oklahoma said that in 2012 state tests: 11% of the school's sixth-graders showed proficiency in math, and 25% showed proficiency in reading; 31% of the seventh-graders showed proficiency in math, and 87% showed proficiency in reading; 50% of the eighth-graders showed proficiency in math, and 78% showed proficiency in reading.[19] The Oklahoma Department of Education listed the charter school as a Targeted Intervention school, meaning the school was identified as a low-performing school but has not been identified as a Priority School.[19] Ultimately, the school made a C, or a 2.33 grade point average on the state's A-F report card system.[19] The report card shows the school getting an F in mathematics achievement and mathematics growth, a C in social studies achievement, a D in reading achievement, and an A in reading growth and student attendance.[19] “The C we made is tremendous,” said school principal Holly Davis, “[t]here is no English instruction in our school’s younger grades, and we gave them this test in English.”[19] She said she had anticipated the low grade because it was the school's first year as a state-funded charter school, and many students had difficulty with English.[19] Eighth graders who graduate from the Tahlequah immersion school are fluent speakers of the language, and they usually go on to attend Sequoyah High School where classes are taught in both English and Cherokee. CollegesNortheastern State University is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of Oklahoma as well as one of the oldest institutions of higher learning west of the Mississippi River.[20] Tahlequah is home to the capital of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma and about 25 percent of the students at NSU identify themselves as American Indian.[21] The university has many courses focused on Native American linguistics, and offers Cherokee language Education as a major.[22] Cherokee can be studied as a second language, and some classes are taught in Cherokee for first language speakers as well.[23]Notable people{{See also|List of Northeastern State University alumni}}
In media
References1. ^{{cite web|title= 2010 Census Gazetteer|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Census QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4072100.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227204303/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4072100.html|archivedate=2014-12-27|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Census QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4072100.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227204303/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4072100.html|archivedate=2014-12-27|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web|title= Geographic Names Information System|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1098721,Tahlequah|publisher=United States Geological Survey|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 5. ^Cowen, Agnes Spade and Jane B. Noble. Comptemporary Cherokee Language Book. Tahlequah, OK: Heritage Printing, 1996: 77 6. ^{{cite web|title = Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 16, 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}} 9. ^Harrington, Beth. "Tahlequah," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 30, 2015. 10. ^Martindale, Robert. "Cherokee Nation places three historical buildings in trust", Tulsa World, 28 June 2003 11. ^{{cite web|title= Geographic Names Information System|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1098721,Tahlequah|publisher=United States Geological Survey|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 12. ^{{cite web|title= 2010 Census Gazetteer|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015|accessdate=July 2, 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html|archivedate=June 2, 2016|df=}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Census QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4072100.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227204303/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4072100.html|archivedate=2014-12-27|df=}} 15. ^{{cite web|title = Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 16. ^{{cite web|title = Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|title=2009-2013 American Community Survey: Economic Characteristics|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 18. ^1 {{Cite news| last = Chavez, Will| title = Immersion students win trophies at language fair| work = Cherokeephoenix.org| accessdate = April 8, 2013| date = April 5, 2012| url = http://www.cherokeephoenix.org/Article/Index/6142}} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.youthonrace.org/cherokee-immersion-school-strives-to-save-tribal-language |title=Cherokee Immersion School Strives to Save Tribal Language |publisher=Youth on Race |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703212619/http://www.youthonrace.org/cherokee-immersion-school-strives-to-save-tribal-language |archivedate=July 3, 2014 |df= }} 20. ^{{cite web| publisher=NSU| accessdate=2008-02-20| url=http://www.nsuok.edu/GettingStarted/OurCampuses.aspx| title=General Information| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828040356/http://www.nsuok.edu/GettingStarted/OurCampuses.aspx| archivedate=2009-08-28| df=}} 21. ^Agnew, Brad. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. "Northeastern State University."{{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/N/NO014.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-01-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119150758/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/N/NO014.html |archivedate=2012-11-19 |df= }} 22. ^{{cite web|author=' + auElement.html() + ' |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/10/02/nsu-cherokee-nation-partner-train-and-hire-language-instructors-157146 |title=NSU, Cherokee Nation Partner to Train and Hire Language Instructors - ICTMN.com |publisher=Indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com |date= |accessdate=2015-07-17}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/chr|title=Cherokee|work=Ethnologue}} External links{{Portal|Oklahoma|Indigenous peoples of North America}}
13 : Cities in Cherokee County, Oklahoma|Cities in Oklahoma|Cherokee towns in Oklahoma|County seats in Oklahoma|Former colonial and territorial capitals in the United States|Micropolitan areas of Oklahoma|Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)|Cherokee Nation|Populated places established in 1839|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians|Tahlequah, Oklahoma|1839 establishments in Indian Territory|University towns in the United States |
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