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释义 |
Tai Wai {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|aɪ|_|ˈ|w|aɪ}} is an area in the New Territories of Hong Kong, located between Sha Tin New Town and the Lion Rock. It is the largest part of the Sha Tin District.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} With an MTR station serving two lines, 5 bus termini and several tunnels and roads connecting it to other parts of the New Territories, Kowloon and Tsuen Wan, Tai Wai is an important transportation node in Hong Kong. {{TOC limit|2}}GeographyTai Wai occupies the southwestern end of the Sha Tin Valley. The Sha Tin area is located directly northeast of Tai Wai. Hill ranges separate Tai Wai from Kowloon in the south, and from Tsuen Wan in the west. The Tai Wai Nullah, sometimes referred to as the upper stream of Shing Mun River, flows through Tai Wai, where it joins the Shing Mun River. The Shing Mun River then flows in a southwest-northeast direction across the Sha Tin Valley toward Tolo Harbour. HistorySprouting from traditional Chinese farming villages growing rice, vegetables and fruits, such as choy sum, Chinese broccoli, bamboo, banana, peach, and lychee, Tai Wai area once functioned as a light suburban industrial park in the 1970s. Few factory buildings are still in use, mostly as warehouses. The current urbanization of the area is the consequence of the development of Sha Tin New Town that started in the 1970s. Tai Wai village, where the name of the area came from, was the largest and oldest walled village in Sha Tin. It was built in 1574 during the Ming Dynasty, and was called Chik Chuen Wai ({{zh|t=積存圍}}) at the time. It was originally made up of 16 families, Wai ({{zh|t=韋|labels=no}}), Chan ({{zh|t=陳|labels=no}}), Ng ({{zh|t=吳|labels=no}}), Yeung ({{zh|t=楊|labels=no}}), Wong ({{zh|t=黃|labels=no}}), Lee ({{zh|t=李|labels=no}}), Hui ({{zh|t=許|labels=no}}), Cheng ({{zh|t=鄭|labels=no}}), Tong ({{zh|t=唐|labels=no}}), Yuen ({{zh|t=袁|labels=no}}), Yau ({{zh|t=游|labels=no}}), Lam ({{zh|t=林|labels=no}}), Lok ({{zh|t=駱|labels=no}}), Tam ({{zh|t=譚|labels=no}}), Mok ({{zh|t=莫|labels=no}}) and Choy ({{zh|t=蔡|labels=no}}). The Wai family, being the largest family, is thought to be the direct descendants of the famous founder general of the Han Dynasty, Han Xin, who purportedly fled there to escape executions ordered by Emperor Gao of Han's empress Empress Lü Zhi. The Han descendants changed their surname into Wai by splitting the word Han ({{zh|t=韓|labels=no}}) in two halves and took up the character on the right hand side. The Cheng family, on the other hand, originated from a place called Xingyang in Zhengzhou, Henan which is the place where Chang'e supposedly flew to the Moon. It is also the birthplace of Li Shangyin, one of the most famous poets in the late Tang Dynasty. The first public housing estate built in the area was Mei Lam Estate, with the first two blocks of its Phase 1 completed in 1981. Tai Wai Station opened in August 1983. Electoral constituenciesTai Wai covers 11 of the 38 electoral constituencies in Sha Tin District, as defined at the time of the 2015 Hong Kong District Council elections. They are: Chun Fung ({{zh|t=秦豐|labels=no}}, R10), Sun Tin Wai ({{zh|t=新田圍|labels=no}}, R11), Chui Tin ({{zh|t=翠田|labels=no}}, R12), Hin Ka ({{zh|t=顯嘉|labels=no}}, R13), Lower Shing Mun ({{zh|t=下城門|labels=no}}, R14), Wan Shing ({{zh|t=雲城|labels=no}}, R15), Keng Hau ({{zh|t=徑口|labels=no}}, R16), Tin Sum ({{zh|t=田心|labels=no}}, R17), Chui Ka ({{zh|t=翠嘉|labels=no}}, R18), Tai Wai ({{zh|t=大圍|labels=no}}, R19), Chung Tin ({{zh|t=松田|labels=no}}, R20).[1][2] DemographicsTai Wai has a population of approximately 91,300 (2008)[3] It is composed largely of low to medium income households of different ethnic backgrounds ranging from local Chinese to Westerners. HousingA large part of the population of Tai Wai lives in public housing estates. Privately owned apartment blocks are also common and higher income luxury housing is also available in various parts of Tai Wai. Hundreds of three storey village houses (some western styled, others more traditional) can be found in the villages of the area. Public housing{{Main|Public housing estates in Tai Wai}}The table below lists all the public housing estates in Tai Wai, including Public Rental Housing (Public), Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) and Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS).
Festival CityFestival City ({{zh|t=名城|labels=no}}) is a HK$20 billion residential-commercial development project by Cheung Kong and MTR Corporation located above the Tai Wai (Station) Maintenance Centre. Phase I was completed in September 2010, Phase II in October 2011, and Phase III in August 2012. The plan was to build 12 50-stories high residential towers with a total construction area of 313,955 square meters as well as 25,890 square meters for the general public's use. It offers 4,264 flats to families, two schools and one community facility. This residential project raised the population of Tai Wai significantly. The controversy of this project is that the 12 towers would create an urban heat island effect and block off the air flow of the area.[4][5]Other estatesPrivate housing estates in Tai Wai include: {{Div col}}
VillagesA number of villages still exist in Tai Wai and most of them are surrounded by the towers of housing estates.[6] Traditional village layout and some historic buildings can still be found.
Ha Keng Hau, Sheung Keng Hau and Hin Tin are three adjacent villages located along Hin Keng Street ({{zh|t=顯徑街|labels=no}}), along a northeast-southwest direction. Hin Keng Estate, located northeast of the villages and across Hin Keng Street, was named after them.
Villages in the vicinity of Che Kung Temple:
Other villages in Tai Wai include:
RetailSeveral public housing estates have a shopping centre. The only private shopping centre is Grandeur Shopping Arcade ({{zh|t=金禧商場|labels=no}}), located within Grandeur Garden. RecreationalSports centresThere are two public sport centres in Tai Wai, making up 40% of the total number of centres in Sha Tin.[23] They are both located in major estates in Tai Wai, namely Mei Lam Estate and Hin Keng Estate. The two sport centres offer a wide range of facilities including a fitness centre with weight training and cardiovascular equipment, squash courts as well as badminton courts. These sport centres are owned and operated by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department, however the facilities are charged prior to booking with several exceptions.[24][25]
CyclingThe Tai Wai Cycling Park, where beginners could practice their cycling skills, was demolished in 2001 to make way for the railway terminus of the Ma On Shan Line. A number of bicycle rental shops can be found in Tai Wai and bicycle lanes run along the Shing Mun River and link Tai Wai to Tai Po, Ma On Shan and Plover Cove Reservoir.[26] HikingHiking is also a popular activity in Tai Wai. Situated at the end of a valley, Tai Wai is surrounded by country parks: Shing Mun (north), Kam Shan (west), Lion Rock (south) and Ma On Shan (southeast). Sections of the Wilson Trail and the MacLehose Trail run across the hills near Tai Wai. FoodSome sources mention Tai Wai as being famous for its chicken porridges and roast baby pigeon.[27][28] SchoolsTai Wai has tens of primary and secondary schools, mostly public, some with religious background. They include: {{Div col}}
ReligionTemples
Christian institutions
Other structures and facilitiesOther historic or otherwise notable buildings and structures in Tai Wai include:
TransportationMTRTai Wai Station is on the East Rail Line and is also a terminus for the Ma On Shan Line of the MTR. The northward termini of the East Rail Line, Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau stations, located at the border with Shenzhen, are about 30 minutes away.[45] The station was opened in 1983 and its expansion for the Ma On Shan Line was completed in September 2004. Che Kung Temple Station of the Ma On Shan Line is also located in the Tai Wai area. It opened in 2004. In 2002 KCRC won the bid to plan, build and operate the Sha Tin to Central Link,[46] and in 2004 it submitted the Draft Final Proposal to the Government. The March 2008 MTR-KCR revised proposal includes the extension of East Rail Line across Victoria Harbour to Hong Kong Island and the extension of Ma On Shan Line to West Rail Line via East Kowloon. This project will start construction in 2010 while the Tai Wai to Hung Hom section will be completed in 2015 and Cross Harbour section to be completed in 2019.[47] As part of this project, a new station is planned in the Tai Wai area, Hin Keng Station. Road connectionsTai Wai is the main gateway of tunnels and roads connecting the New Territories to Kowloon as well as Tsuen Wan due to its convenient location. In the early 20th century and until the Lion Rock Tunnel, the first road tunnel in Hong Kong, was built in 1967, Tai Po Road was the main road connecting Tai Wai and the New Territories to Kowloon.[48] Tai Po Road to this day remains as the only toll-free road connecting the two areas. The tunnels are: Lion Rock Tunnel (1967), Shing Mun Tunnels (1990) and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel (2008). Sha Tin Heights Tunnel opened in March 2008 to lessen the traffic of the Kowloon Tunnels and Tai Po Road. It is part of Route 8 that connects Tai Wai to the airport over the Stonecutters Bridge and through the Nam Wan Tunnel. BusA large percentage of the bus routes that go past Tai Wai are circular routes which both start and terminate in Sha Tin. There are also long-distance routes that go past famous Hong Kong landmarks and attractions. They include 170, which goes to Ocean Park; E42 goes to the airport (via Tung Chung)[49] and R42 to Disneyland. There are 5 major bus termini in Tai Wai :
MinibusMany green minibus (GMB) routes that pass Tai Wai go around all parts of Sha Tin to provide feeder services for major public transport operators such as the MTR. Routes such as 481B go to the Tsuen Wan area via Shing Mun Tunnel offering a fast but cheap alternative to buses and the MTR. Residents' buses also operate at Tai Wai Station. Union Hospital's free shuttle bus also operates from there at 10-minute frequencies. References1. ^Summary of 2015 District Council Election Constituency Areas - Sha Tin District 2. ^District Council Constituency Boundaries - Sha Tin District, 2015 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.eac.gov.hk/pdf/legco/2008lc/en/2008_proposed_LC5.pdf |format=PDF |title=Proposed Geographical Constituency Areas |publisher=Electoral Affairs Commission |accessdate=2008-09-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522214923/http://www.eac.gov.hk/pdf/legco/2008lc/en/2008_proposed_LC5.pdf |archivedate=May 22, 2011 }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kcrc.com/Upload%20Content/News%20Centre/Press%20Release/ERE/Eng/E060317A.htm |title=KCRC receives 11 tenders for Tai Wai Maintenance Centre property development project |publisher=Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation |date=2006-03-17 |accessdate=2008-09-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060325065355/http://www.kcrc.com/Upload%20Content/News%20Centre/Press%20Release/ERE/Eng/E060317A.htm |archivedate=March 25, 2006 }} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://finance.thestandard.com.hk/chi/comp_news_view.asp?code=0017&aid=43079|title=Developers vie for West Rail site|publisher=The Standard Finance|date=2007-04-27|accessdate=2008-09-25}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |author= Jeffrey W. Cody and James R. Richardson|year= 1997|title= Urbanizing forest and Village Trees in Hong Kong's Sha Tin Valley, 1976-1997|journal= Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review|volume= IX|issue=1 |pages= 21–33|publisher= |doi= |pmid= |pmc= |url= http://iaste.berkeley.edu/pdfs/09.1c-Fall97cody-richardson-sml.pdf|accessdate= }} 7. ^HK River Net: The Ebb and Flow of Agriculture 8. ^1 SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section. Environmental Impact Assessment Report.Appendix 4.3. Built Heritage Survey. October 2011 9. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1403 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015135424/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_Nil_Items.pdf |date=2012-10-15 }} 10. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #1153. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }} 11. ^{{cite book |title= The great difference: Hong Kong's New Territories and its people, 1898-2004|last= Hayes|first= James|authorlink=James W. Hayes|year= 2006|publisher= Hong Kong University Press|location= |isbn= 9789622097940|pages= 86–87}} 12. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Items #852, 853, 854. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }} 13. ^1 Antiquities and Monuments Office: List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215155849/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf |date=2011-12-15 }} (as of 23 November 2011) 14. ^Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Items #1130, 1131 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }} 15. ^Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1359. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015135424/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_Nil_Items.pdf |date=2012-10-15 }} 16. ^{{cite book |title= From village to city: studies in the traditional roots of Hong Kong society|last1= Faure|first1= David |last2= Hayes|first2= James |last3= Birch|first3= Alan |year= 1984|publisher= Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong|location= |isbn= |asin=B0000EE67M|page= 131|pages= |url= |accessdate=}} 17. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #1359. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }} 18. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605102329/https://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/all_aboard_east.html Tin Sam Wai on MTR website] (archive) 19. ^1 SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section, Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Figure 4.2.1. Locations of Known Built Heritages (Sheet 1 of 8), October 2011. Shows the location of the historic buildings of Tin Sam Village. 20. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on No Grade Items. Items #1176, 1256. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015135424/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_Nil_Items.pdf |date=2012-10-15 }} 21. ^Historic Building Appraisal: Tse Ancestral Hall 22. ^Historic Building Appraisal: Li Cottage 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/en/ls_fac_sportscentres.php|title=Sports Centres|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department|accessdate=2008-09-25|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913040440/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/en/ls_fac_sportscentres.php|archivedate=2008-09-13|df=}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/condition/en/non-free.html|title=Non-Fee Charging Facilities|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department|accessdate=2008-09-25}} 25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/leisurelink/en/ls_booking_charges_nt.php|title=Non-Fee Charging Facilities|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department|accessdate=2008-09-25}} 26. ^Ng, June, "Tai Wai On Tires", HK Magazine, July 16, 2009 27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://newmedia.cityu.edu.hk/04foodstyle/Place/shatin.cfm |title=Shatin Chicken Porridge (沙田雞粥) |publisher=Hong Kong Tourism Board (archive) |year=2006 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207122211/http://newmedia.cityu.edu.hk/04foodstyle/Place/shatin.cfm |archivedate=February 7, 2008 }} 28. ^{{cite news |last1=O'Young |first1=Anneliese |last2=Lui |first2=Prudence |date=30 October 2008 |title=Taste of Tai Wai |url=http://www.scmp.com/article/658272/taste-tai-wai |work=South China Morning Post |location= |access-date=16 November 2017 }} 29. ^1 2 3 East Rail Extensions - Tai Wai to Ma On Shan. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Archaeological and Cultural Resources, 1999 30. ^thaiworldview: Chi Hong Ching Yuen 31. ^thaiworldview: Wat Tai Wai 32. ^1 2 3 SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section, Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report, 4. Cultural Heritage Impact, October 2011 33. ^Hase, P.H., "Old Hau Wong Temple, Tai Wai, Sha Tin", in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Vol. 23, 1983. p.233-240 34. ^{{cite news|last= |first= |date=24 August 2010 |title=Protest over columbarium |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2010-08/24/content_11191682.htm |newspaper=China Daily |location=Hong Kong |access-date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827124356/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2010-08/24/content_11191682.htm |archivedate=August 27, 2010 }} 35. ^{{cite news|last=Chui |first=Timothy |date=28 December 2012 |title=Authorities should stop sale of illicit niches: Protesters |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-12/28/content_16063313.htm |newspaper=China Daily |location=Hong Kong |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601052928/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-12/28/content_16063313.htm |archivedate=June 1, 2013 }} 36. ^South China Morning Post: "Angry residents protest over temple and urn site", 31 March 2012 37. ^Chinese Temples Committee: Registered Temples - Shun Shin Chee Kit Yin Koon 38. ^{{cite news|last1=Nip |first1=Amy |last2=Ng |first2=Kang-chung |date=16 April 2010 |title='Clean' list mulled on storage of ashes |url=http://www.scmp.com/article/711538/clean-list-mulled-storage-ashes |newspaper=South China Morning Post |location= |access-date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216142059/http://www.scmp.com/article/711538/clean-list-mulled-storage-ashes |archivedate=December 16, 2015 }} 39. ^Lutheran Theological Seminary website 40. ^High Rock Centre: Former's High Rock and Today's High Rock 41. ^St. Alfred's Church website 42. ^About MTR: Depots 43. ^Kennedy Cheung, Charles Chor, David Pegg "Tai Wai maintenance centre: planning, design, and construction",The Arup Journal, 3/2007. 44. ^See corresponding Chinese Wikipedia article 45. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtr.com.hk/jplanner/flash_eng/index.php?sid=67&eid=76&x=22&y=10|title=Journey Time & Fare|publisher=MTR Corporation Limited|accessdate=2012-03-21}} 46. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/public/publications/newsletter/Issue52/eng/E2.PDF|format=PDF|title=Railway Development|publisher=HKSAR Highways Department|date=|accessdate=2007-12-04}} 47. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/projects/future_scl.html|title=Projects - Shatin to Central Link|publisher=MTR Corporation|accessdate=2008-09-25}} 48. ^Cheng Siu Kei, "Making of a New Town: Urbanisation in Tai Po", Tai Po Book p. 271 49. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kmb.hk/english.php?page=search&prog=route_no.php&route_no=e42|title=Bus Services- Route E42|publisher=Kowloon Motor Bus|date=|accessdate=2007-11-04}} External links{{Commons category|Tai Wai}}{{GeoGroup}}
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