“Tajikistani samani”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Tajikistani samani

释义

History
Coins
Remarks Remarks
Banknotes
See also
References
External links

{{Infobox currency
| currency_name_in_local = {{native name|tg|Сомонӣ|italics=no}}
| image_1= 5 Somoni TJ 2001.gif
| image_title_1 = 5 Samani obverse and reverse.
| iso_code = TJS
| using_countries = {{TJK}}
| inflation_rate = 6%
| inflation_source_date = [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html The World Factbook], 2012 est.
| subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100
| subunit_name_1 = diram
| no_plural = Y
| used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 diram, 1, 3, 5 somoni
| used_banknotes = 1, 5, 20, 50 diram, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 somoni
| issuing_authority = National Bank of Tajikistan
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.nbt.tj}}
}}

The Samani ({{lang-tg|cомонӣ}}, {{lang-fa|سامانی/ Samani}}, ISO 4217 code: TJS) is the currency of Tajikistan. It is subdivided into 100 diram ({{lang-tg|дирам}}). The currency is named after the father of the Tajik nation, Ismail Samani (also spelled Ismoil Somoni).

History

The somoni was introduced on 30 October 2000;^[1] it replaced the Tajikistani ruble, at the rate of 1 somoni = 1000 rubles.^[2]

The currency is divided into 100 diram for one somoni. Diram banknotes were first introduced on 30 October 2000 to start the currency off and coins were introduced later in 2001 with the intention of creating a more efficient monetary system and gradually replacing the diram notes. This was also the first time circulating coins were introduced in Tajikistan.

Coins

Circulation coins, first issued in 2001 were struck in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 diram composed of brass-clad steel and 1, 3, and 5 somoni in nickel-clad steel. Bimetallic 3 and 5 somoni coins were first released in 2003. The reverse of all somoni coins are changed annually and commemorate various events. A second issue dated 2011 was issued in June 2012, and included 5, 10, 20, 50 dirams and 1 somoni.^[3] A third series of somoni coins was issued in 2018 in denominations of 1, 3 and 5 somoni.

Tajikistan coins are struck by Goznak at the Saint Petersburg Mint in Russia.

The First Series
Image		Value	Technical parameters				Description			Date of minting
Reverse	Obverse	Value	Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Date of minting
		5 diram	16.5 mm	1.35 mm	2 g	brass-clad steel	Plain	Tajik 7-star crown, "ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон"¹, year of minting	Value	2001
		10 diram	17.5 mm	1.4 mm	2.4 g
		20 diram	18.5 mm	1.4 mm	2.7 g
		25 diram	19 mm	1.4 mm	2.76 g	Brass
		50 diram	21 mm	1.45 mm	3.6 g	Brass
		1 somoni	24 mm	1.6 mm	5.2 g	See remark 2	Reeded and plain sections	Ismail Samani, "ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон", value,	Value and the Tajik 7-star crown, year of minting	2001
		3 somoni	25.5 mm	1.8 mm	6.3 g		Lettered	Coat of arms, "ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон", value
		5 somoni	26.5 mm	1.85 mm	7 g		Reeded and plain sections with a star	Abuabdullo Rudaki, "ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон", value, "Рӯдакӣ"³
{{Standard coin table notice\|standard_scale=Y\|BrE=Y}}

Remarks

"ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон" = "Republic of Tajikistan"
Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–present, 31st ed. states that the composition for 1, 3, and 5 som is cupronickel-zinc, while the Central Bank states cupronickel.
"Рӯдакӣ" = "Rudaki"

The Second Series
Image		Value	Technical parameters				Description			Date of minting
Reverse	Obverse	Value	Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Date of minting
		1 diram	14.5 mm	1.3 mm	1.3 g	Brass-clad steel	Plain	Coat of arms, "ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон", year of minting	Value	2011
		2 diram	16 mm	1.4 mm	1.6 g	Brass-clad steel
		5 diram	18 mm	1.5 mm	2 g	Copper-clad brass
		10 diram	20.5 mm	1.7 mm	3 g
		20 diram	23.5 mm	1.8 mm	4.5 g		Corrugated
		50 diram	26 mm	2 mm	5.5 g		reeded
		1 somoni	27 mm	1.6 mm	5.2 g	Cupronickel-clad steel	reeded
{{Standard coin table notice\|standard_scale=Y\|BrE=Y}}

The Third Series
Image		Value	Technical parameters				Description			Date of minting
Reverse	Obverse	Value	Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Date of minting
		1 somoni	24.5 mm	1.8 mm	5.8 g	Nickel-brass	Reeded	"ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон"¹, portrait of Mirzo Tursunzoda	Value and the Tajik 7-star crown, year of minting	2018
		3 somoni	25.5 mm	1.8 mm	6.3 g	Nickel-brass	Plain with lettered inscription "СЕ СОМОНӢ"	"ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон"¹, portrait of Shirinsho Shotemur	Value and the Tajik 7-star crown, year of minting	2018
		5 somoni	26.5 mm	1.85 mm	7 g	Nickel-brass	Reeded	"ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон"¹, portrait of Sadriddin Aynii	Value and the Tajik 7-star crown, year of minting	2018

Remarks

"ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон" = "Republic of Tajikistan"

Banknotes

Banknotes of 1, 5, 20, 50 dirams, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 somoni were printed in 1999 and issued in 2000. Along with a 3 somoni note in 2010, inflationary pressure since the introduction of the somoni has resulted in the printing of 200 and 500 somoni notes that year. The 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 somoni notes were reissued in 2013, bearing the year 1999.

The Current Series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing	issue
		1 diram	100 × 60 mm	Brown	Sadriddin Ayni Theatre and Opera House	Pamir Mountains	Two mountains over rectangle	1999	2000
		5 dirams		Blue	Arbob Cultural Palace	Shrine of Mirzo Tursunzoda
		20 dirams		Green	Meetings Hall of the National Bank of Tajikistan	Mountain road
		50 dirams		Purple	Ismoili Somoni	Mountain valley
		1 somoni	141 × 65 mm	Green	Mirzo Tursunzoda	National Bank of Tajikistan	Portrait
		3 somoni	141 × 65 mm	Violet	Shirinsho Shotemur	Majlisi Oli		2010	2010
		5 somoni	144 × 65 mm	Blue	Sadriddin Ayni	Shrine of Abuabdullo Rudaki		1999	2000 2010 2013 2017 2018
		10 somoni	147 × 65 mm	Red	Mir Said Alii Hamadoni	Tomb of Mir Said Alii Hamadoni
		20 somoni	150 × 65 mm	Yellow-brown	Abuali ibn Sino	Hissar Castle
		50 somoni	153 × 65 mm	Blue	Bobojon Gafurov	Chaikhana (teahouse) Sino
		100 somoni	156 × 65 mm	Brown	Ismoili Somoni	Presidential Palace
		200 somoni	159 x 68 mm	Brown and Yellow	Nusratullo Maksum	National Library building in Dushanbe		2010	2010 2018
		500 somoni	162 x 71 mm	Purple and Gray	Abuabdullo Rudaki	Palace of Nations in Dushanbe		2010	2010 2018
{{Standard banknote table notice\|BrE=Y}}

{{Exchange Rate|TJS|RUB|

note = These rates could be substantially different from the rates the central bank publishes|

}}

References

Notes

1. ^{{cite web | author= National Bank of Tajikistan | url= http://www.nbt.tj/en/?c=3&id=3 | title= Banknotes and coins | accessdate=2007-05-19 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070429222727/http://www.nbt.tj/en/?c=3&id=3 |archivedate = 2007-04-29}}
2. ^{{cite book | last1 = Linzmayer | first1 = Owen | title = The Banknote Book | chapter = Tajikistan | publisher = www.BanknoteNews.com | year = 2012 | location = San Francisco, CA | url = http://www.banknotebook.com}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://worldcoinnews.blogspot.com.au/search/label/tajikistan|title=World Coin News|author=|date=|website=worldcoinnews.blogspot.com.au|accessdate=22 April 2018}}

Sources{{refbegin}}

{{numis cite SCWC|date=2004}}
{{numis cite SCWPM|date=2005}}

External links

{{CISCoins|Tajikistan}}

{{n-start}}{{n-before|currency=Tajikistani ruble|ratio=1 somoni = 1000 rubles|reason=inflation}}{{n-currency|location=Tajikistan|start=2000}}{{n-after}}{{n-end}}{{Currencies of Asia}}{{Currencies of post-Soviet states}}

3 : Currencies introduced in 2000|Economy of Tajikistan|2000 establishments in Tajikistan

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History

Coins

Remarks

Remarks

Banknotes

See also

References

External links