| 词条 | Takako Doi |
| 释义 |
| name = Takako Doi | image = Takako Doi in Tokyo congressist election 2.jpg | caption = | office = Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan | deputy = Hyōsuke Kujiraoka | term_start = August 6, 1993 | term_end = September 27, 1996 | monarch = Akihito | predecessor = Yoshio Sakurauchi | successor = Sōichirō Itō | office1 = Chairwoman of the Social Democratic Party | term_start1 = 9 September 1986 | term_end1 = 31 July 1991 | predecessor1 = Masashi Ishibashi | successor1 = Makoto Tanabe | constituency1 = | majority1 = | term_start2 = 28 September 1996 | term_end2 = 15 November 2003 | predecessor2 = Tomiichi Murayama | successor2 = Mizuho Fukushima | constituency2 = | majority2 = | office3 = | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | constituency3 = | majority3 = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|11|30}} | birth_place = Kobe, Hyōgo, Empire of Japan | death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|9|20|1928|11|30}} | death_place = Hyogo Prefecture, Japan | party = Japanese Socialist Party, Social Democratic Party | relations = | residence = | alma_mater = | occupation = | religion = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}{{Portal|Japan|Politics|Law|Biography}}{{nihongo|Takako Doi|土井 たか子|Doi Takako|extra=November 30, 1928 – September 20, 2014}} was a prominent Japanese politician from 1980 until her retirement in 2005. She was the first female Lower House Speaker in Japan, the highest position a female politician has ever held in the country's modern history.[1] BiographyEarly yearsDoi was born in Hyōgo Prefecture and graduated from Doshisha University, where she studied law. She was elected to the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Diet, as a member of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP) in 1969, representing the 2nd district of Hyōgo. She spent her first ten years in the House on the sidelines, but came to national attention in 1980 when she was highly critical of Japan's unequal treatment of women, specifically about women-only home economics degrees and the father-dominated family registration law. She pressured the Diet to sign the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1985. Doi became Vice Chair of the JSP in 1984 and the first female leader of a political party division in Japanese history in 1986, as chair of the JSP Central Policy Division. The JSP took a record high number of seats in 1990, when it won 136 seats in the House of Representatives, partly because of Doi's popularity, but she resigned her party post in 1991, in the wake of the Gulf War. In 1994, no party held a majority in the House and the JSP took the lead in forming a coalition government. The JSP's president, Tomiichi Murayama, became Prime Minister. However, the coalition collapsed in 1996 and, following a disastrous electoral defeat for the JSP later that year, Doi returned to lead the party. Party leaderDoi was a popular opposition politician, but as party leader she saw her party collapse. Her chief act as leader was to rename the JSP as the Social Democratic Party (SDP), in 1996. Moderating the characters for "Socialism" by adding "Democratic" to the party name, Doi said that she wanted to form a more moderate party and bring more women into politics. Doi was responsible for recruiting young women with grass-roots activist backgrounds, such as Kiyomi Tsujimoto, into the party. In 1998, former members of the JSP and of other parties formed the Democratic Party of Japan, and the SDP became a third-tier opposition party, watching its numbers steadily decline. The SDP was a minor party by the time the reality of the Japanese abductees taken by North Korea came to light in 2003. Doi's status plummeted as her earlier statements telling abductee families to "get over it" were shown on television, as was Doi's comment in Pyongyang in 1987 at the birthday party of Kim Il-sung: "We JSP members respect the glorious success of DPRK under the great leader Kim Il Sung." Doi apologized to the families and claimed that North Korean authorities had been deceiving her all along,[2] but resigned the party leadership soon after. In 1989, Doi, together with Naoto Kan, Keiko Chiba, Tomiichi Murayama and other 129 Japanese politicians from Japan Socialist Party, Socialist Democratic Federation and Komeito signed a petition to the South Korean President Roh Tae-woo for the release of North Korean spies including Sin Gwang-su who had kidnapped a Japanese in June 1980. Loss of seatsDoi lost her directly elected seat in the House of Representatives in the 2003 election but remained in the House, having won a seat under the proportional representation system. She lost this seat in 2005 elections. DeathShe died in a hospital in Hyogo Prefecture of pneumonia on September 20, 2014, at the age of 85.[3][4] References1. ^{{cite news| url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201409280017| title='Trailblazer' Takako Doi, first woman to serve as Lower House speaker, dies at 85| publisher=Asahi Shimbun| date=September 28, 2014| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140928151842/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201409280017| archivedate=September 28, 2014| df=mdy-all}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/2002/10/08/announcements/sdp-chief-doi-apologizes-for-abduction-inaction/| title=SDP chief Doi apologizes for abduction inaction| publisher=The Japan Times| date=October 8, 2002}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDG28H08_Y4A920C1000000/|script-title=ja:土井たか子氏が死去 女性初の衆院議長 |publisher=Nihon Keizai Shimbun|language=Japanese|date=September 28, 2014|accessdate=September 28, 2014}} 4. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/05/takako-doi Takako Doi obituary]
|-{{s-bef|before=Masashi Ishibashi}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Japan Socialist Party|years=1986–1991}}{{s-aft|after=Makoto Tanabe}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Doi, Takako}} 13 : 1928 births|2014 deaths|People from Kobe|Doshisha University alumni|Scholars of constitutional law|Social Democratic Party (Japan) politicians|Female members of the House of Representatives (Japan)|Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)|Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)|21st-century Japanese politicians|21st-century women politicians|Women opposition leaders|Women legal scholars |
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