| 词条 | R. L. Outhwaite |
| 释义 |
Robert Leonard Outhwaite, (1868-6 November 1930), known as R. L. Outhwaite, was a radical British Liberal Party politician, Member of Parliament and leading advocate of land reform. BackgroundHe was born in Tasmania in 1868. He spent his early life in country pursuits. He was married and had one son. He died on 6 November 1930.[1] Political careerHe contested West Birmingham at the 1906 General Election, against the leading Unionist politician Joseph (Jo) Chamberlain; {{Election box begin | title=General Election 1906: Birmingham, West[2]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Unionist Party |candidate = Joseph Chamberlain |votes = 7,173 |percentage = 77.4 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = R. L. Outhwaite |votes = 2,094 |percentage = 22.6 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 5,079 |percentage = 54.8 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 12,483 |percentage = 74.2 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Unionist Party |swing = }}{{Election box end}} He then contested the Horsham division of Sussex at the General Election in January 1910. He did not contest the General Election of December 1910.[3] He was a friend of Josiah Wedgwood, the Liberal MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme. Like Wedgwood, he was a strong advocate of the Single Tax policy that was central to David Lloyd George's future Land Campaign. In 1912, when a by-election vacancy occurred in Hanley, Staffordshire, Wedgwood persuaded Outhwaite to put himself forward to be Liberal candidate. The seat had been Liberal until the MP Enoch Edwards decided to switch allegiance to the Labour Party in 1909. Since then he had held the seat at both 1910 elections under his new label, before dying in 1912. Outhwaite campaigned heavily in support of Lloyd George's Land tax policies, which were very successful in not only regaining the seat for the Liberals, but in reducing the Labour candidate to a poor third place. {{Election box begin | title=Hanley by-election, 1912[4]Electorate }} {{Election box candidate with party link||party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = R. L. Outhwaite |votes = 6,647 |percentage = 46.4 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = George Herman Rittner |votes = 5,993 |percentage = 41.8 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Samuel Finney |votes = 1,694 |percentage = 11.8 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 654 |percentage = 4.6 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box end}} When war broke out in 1914, Outhwaite's pacifist views put him at odds with both his local Liberal association and then with Lloyd George, who took over as Prime Minister in 1916. Outhwaite sought re-election at Hanley in 1918 but he had to describe himself as an Independent Liberal, because the local Liberal association had replaced him as their candidate. When the Lloyd George led Coalition government was handing out 'coupons', the official endorsement went to a National Democrat candidate, who gained the seat. Outhwaite finished in a poor third place; {{Election box begin | title=General Election 14 December 1918: Hanley[5]Electorate 33,789}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party = National Democratic and Labour Party |candidate =James Andrew Seddon |votes =8,032 |percentage =40.4 |change =n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate =Myles Harper Parker |votes =7,697 |percentage =38.7 |change =+26.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent Liberal |candidate = R. L. Outhwaite |votes =2,703 |percentage =13.6 |change =-32.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Leonard Lumsden Grimwade |votes = 1,459 |percentage =7.3 |change =-39.1 }}{{Election box majority| |votes =335 |percentage =1.7 |change =n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage =58.9 |change =-26.2 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = National Democratic and Labour Party |loser = Liberal Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} After the election, Outhwaite, along with his old friend, Wedgwood, joined the Labour Party, founding the Hanley branch of the Independent Labour Party. He did not stand for parliament again. In 1917 he published a book, The Land or Revolution. In 1919 he co-founded the Commonwealth League. References1. ^‘OUTHWAITE, R. L.’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 accessed 23 Jan 2014 2. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918, Craig, F.W.S. 3. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918, Craig, F.W.S. 4. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918, Craig, F.W.S. 5. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig (Glasgow: Political Reference Publications, 1969) External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Hanley | years = 1912–1918 | before = Enoch Edwards | after = James Seddon }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Outhwaite, Robert Leonard}} 6 : 1868 births|1930 deaths|Independent Labour Party politicians|Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|People from Tasmania|UK MPs 1910–18 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。