| 词条 | Robert Caldwell (Australian politician) |
| 释义 |
Robert Caldwell (4 August 1843 – 2 November 1909)[1] was a South Australian politician. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1879 to 1902, representing the electorates of Yorke Peninsula (1879-1890) and Onkaparinga (1890-1902). Early lifeCaldwell was born in Stevenston, Ayrshire, Scotland and immigrated to South Australia with his family in 1849 when he was just six years old. The family were amongst the earliest settlers at Alma Plains. Caldwell also held residences at Mount Templeton, the Yorke Peninsula and Woodside.[2] Caldwell was a farmer, and author before entering politics. He also wrote for The Register newspaper and was Clerk of the Onkaparinga District Court.[3] Caldwell was a Methodist and a member of the Temperance Alliance throughout his life. PoliticsCaldwell was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly as the member for Yorke Peninsula in 1879, transferring to Onkaparinga in 1890. He served until 1902.[4] He contested the single statewide seven-member Division of South Australia at the 1901 federal election as a Protectionist Party candidate but finished ninth. Whilst in parliament Caldwell was briefly secretary to the Opposition, and was instrumental in securing the appointment of several Commissions to enquire into issues related to the agricultural industry.[2] Caldwell's conservative political views grew stronger to the extent he lost touch with the majority of the people and resulted in his unsuccessful attempt to secure a seat in the Federal Senate.[2] Women's SuffrageCaldwell was an active member of the Women's Suffrage League and consistently presented and supported Bills to extend the franchise to women. On one point his conservative views caused him to disagree with the League as Caldwell believed only women of property should be allowed to vote, rather than all women which was the League's position. Caldwell kept the issue at the forefront of debate in Parliament through separate franchise bills in 1888, 1889 and 1890. Reporting on parliamentary debates and subsequent discussions in the wider society thus provided opportunities for the Women's Suffrage League to strengthen their campaigning.[5] Mary Lee, a founding member and Honorary Secretary of the Women's Suffrage League, described Caldwell as a courageous champion of the League for his persistence in keeping the issue before Parliament. References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Coxon |first1=Howard F. |last2=Playford |first2=John |last3=Reid |first3=Robert |title=Biographical Register of the South Australian Parliament, 1857-1957 |date=1985 |publisher=Wakefield Press |isbn=9780949268242 |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEowAAAAYAAJ |accessdate=25 December 2018 |language=en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Caldwell, Robert}}2. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Death of Mr Robert Caldwell, A Useful Citizen|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5199732|accessdate=23 December 2014|publisher=The Advertiser|date=3 November 1909}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Former Member of Parliament Details - Mr Robert Caldwell|url=http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Members/FormerMembers/Pages/default.aspx|website=Parliament of South Australia|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=23 December 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Mr Robert Caldwell|publisher=Parliament of South Australia|year=2011|url=http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Members/FormerMembers/Pages/default.aspx|accessdate=15 October 2011}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Helen|title=In her own name|date=1986|publisher=Wakefield Press|location=Kent Town}} 10 : 1843 births|1909 deaths|Members of the South Australian House of Assembly|Place of birth missing|Australian farmers|Australian suffragists|Male feminists|Australian temperance activists|People from Ayrshire|Scottish emigrants to Australia |
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