| 词条 | Robert Cawthome |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = Major-General | name =Robert Cawthome | honorific_suffix = | native_name = رابرٹ کیتھوموم | native_name_lang = urdu | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = |office1 = Director General of the Inter-Services Intelligence |term_start1 = 1950 |term_end1 = 1959 |successor1 = Riaz Hussain |nationality = Pakistani | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = Australia | death_place = England | placeofburial = | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | birth_name = Robert Cawthome | allegiance ={{UK}} {{PAK}} | branch ={{army|UK}} {{army|PAK}} | rank = Major-General | servicenumber = | unit = | commands =Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence Chief of Staff | battles =World War II Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | serviceyears = 1947-1950 | awards = | spouse = | relations = | signature = | website = }}Sir Robert Cawthome ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|رابرٹ کیتھوموم}}}}) was the co-founder of the Inter-Services Intelligence and founder of Pakistan Army Corps of Signals. He served as two star Major-General in the Pakistan army and later as 2nd Director General of Inter-Services Intelligence.[1][2] CareerRobert Bill Cawthome was born in Australia and was a major general in the British Indian Army in the British India. After independence of Pakistan and India, he moved to Pakistan and joined the newly formed Pakistan army. He formed Pakistan Army Corps of Signals and served as the Deputy Chief of Staff in the army. Cawthome founded the Inter-Services Intelligence in 1948 along with Syed Shahid Hamid and some others after Indo-Pak war which exposed weaknesses in intelligence gathering between the Pakistan Army, Air Force, Navy, IB and MI.[3] The policies of the agency were his brain-child. He was promoted to two star Major-General in the army. In 1950 he became Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence preceding Syed Shahid Hamid.[4][5][6] He was succeeded by Riaz Hussain in 1959. After his retirement, Cawthome moved back to the United Kingdom and lived there till his death. He still remains the longest-serving DG ISI, serving in the position for nine years.[7] References1. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120228/jsp/opinion/story_15186514.jsp | title=The turbulent History of the State within a State | work=The Telegraph India | date=February 28, 2012 | accessdate=2013-04-14| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6FrlIYAsO | archivedate=2013-04-14 | deadurl=no}} {{Pakistan Army template}}{{Inter-Services Intelligence}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cawthorne, Robert}}2. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/pakistan-clips-spy-agencys-wings/story-e6frg6t6-1111117030364 | title=Pakistan clips spy agency's wings | work=The Australian | date=July 28, 2008 | accessdate=2013-04-14| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Frkt0PYv | archivedate=2013-04-14 | deadurl=no}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/pakistan/isi.htm|title=Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence |accessdate=2008-05-12|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/ | title = Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) | publisher = Federation of American Scientists | author = Pike, John | date = 2002-07-25 | accessdate= 2008-12-13 | authorlink = John E. Pike |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Fkgr4RCt|archivedate=2013-04-09|deadurl=no}} 5. ^{{cite book|author1=Anwar Hussain Syed|author2=Research Society of Pakistan|title=Issues and realities of Pakistani politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nYMAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=8 April 2013|year=2007|publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab|isbn=978-969-425-099-1}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/jan2008/isiinfo.html | title=ISI | accessdate=2013-04-14| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6FrksARGQ | archivedate=2013-04-14 | deadurl=no}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-274496-Maj-Gen-Robert-Cawthome-was-the-longest-serving-ISI-chief|title=Maj-Gen Robert Cawthome was the longest-serving ISI chief|work=The News|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=30 August 2015|first=Sabir|last=Shah}} 7 : British Indian Army officers|Pakistani generals|Pakistani spies|Directors General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Australian emigrants to Pakistan|Year of birth missing|Year of death missing |
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