| 词条 | Talal of Jordan |
| 释义 |
| name = Talal | image = Talal of Jordan.jpg | caption = Talal in 1951 | succession = King of Jordan | reign = 20 July 1951 – 11 August 1952 | cor-type = Coronation | coronation = 20 July 1951 | predecessor = Abdullah I | successor = Hussein | reg-type = {{nowrap|Prime Ministers}} | regent = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Tawfik Abu Al-Huda}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1909|02|26|df=y}} | birth_place = Mecca, Ottoman Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1972|7|7|1909|02|26|df=y}} | death_place = Istanbul, Turkey | burial_date = 7 July 1972 | burial_place = Raghadan Palace, Jordan | full name = Talal bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ali | spouse = {{marriage|Zein Al-Sharaf|1934}} | issue = Hussein Prince Muhammad Prince Hassan Princess Basma | house = Hashemite | father = Abdullah I of Jordan | mother = Musbah bint Nasser | religion = Sunni Islam | signature = |}}{{Contains Arabic text}} Talal bin Abdullah ({{lang-ar|طلال بن عبد الله}}, {{transl|ar|Ṭalāl ibn ʿAbdullāh}}; 26 February 1909 – 7 July 1972) was King of Jordan from the assassination of his father, King Abdullah I, on 20 July 1951, until he was forced to abdicate on 11 August 1952. According to Talal, he was a 39th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad as he belongs to the Hashemite family—who have ruled Jordan since 1921. Talal was born in Mecca as the eldest child of Abdullah and his wife Musbah bint Nasser. Abdullah was son of Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, who led the Great Arab Revolt during World War I against the Ottoman Empire in 1916. After removing Ottoman rule, Abdullah established the Emirate of Transjordan in 1921, which became a British Protectorate, and ruled as its Emir. During Abdullah's absence, Talal spent his early years alone with his mother. Talal received private education in Amman, later joining Transjordan's Arab Legion as second lieutenant in 1927. He then became aide to his grandfather Sharif Hussein, the ousted King of the Hejaz, during his exile in Cyprus. By 1948, Talal became a general in the Arab Legion. Abdullah sought independence in 1946, and the Emirate became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Talal became Crown Prince upon his father's designation as King of Jordan. Abdullah was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1951, and Talal became King. Talal's most revered achievement as King is the establishment of Jordan's modern constitution in 1952, rendering his kingdom as a constitutional monarchy. He ruled for less than thirteen months until he was forced to abdicate by Parliament due to mental illness—reported as schizophrenia. Talal spent the rest of his life at a sanatorium in Istanbul and died there on 7 July 1972. He was succeeded by his oldest son Hussein.[1] Early lifeHe was born in Mecca as the eldest child of Abdullah, an Arab deputy of Mecca in the Ottoman Parliament, and his wife Musbah bint Nasser. Abdullah was the son of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, traditional steward of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Sharif Hussein and his sons led the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire in 1916; after removing Ottoman rule, the Sharif's sons established Arab monarchies in place. Abdullah established the Emirate of Transjordan in 1921, a British Protectorate, for which he was Emir. During Abdullah's absence, Talal spent his early years alone with his mother. Talal received private education in Amman, later joining Transjordan's Arab Legion as second lieutenant in 1927. He then became aide to his grandfather Sharif Hussein, the ousted King of the Hejaz, during his exile in Cyprus. By 1948, Talal became a general in the Army.[2] He was educated privately before attending the British Army's Royal Military College, Sandhurst, from which he graduated in 1929 when he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Cavalry Regiment of the Arab Legion. His regiment was attached to a British regiment in Jerusalem and also to the Royal Artillery in Baghdad.[3] ReignTalal ascended the Jordanian throne after the assassination of his father, Abdullah I, in Jerusalem. His son Hussein, who was accompanying his grandfather at Friday prayers, was also a near victim. On 20 July 1951, Prince Hussein travelled to Jerusalem to perform Friday prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque with his grandfather, King Abdullah I. An assassin, fearing that the king might normalise relations with the State of Israel, killed Abdullah, but the 15-year-old Hussein survived.[4] During his short reign he was responsible for the formation of a liberalised constitution for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, which made the government collectively, and the ministers individually, responsible before the Jordanian Parliament. The constitution was ratified on 1 January 1952. King Talal is also judged as having done much to smooth the previously strained relations between Jordan and the neighbouring Arab states of Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Illness, death and funeralTalal lived the latter part of his life at a sanatorium in Istanbul and died there on 7 July 1972. Talal was buried in the Royal Mausoleum at the Raghadan Palace in Amman.{{cn|date=March 2018}} LegacyDespite his short reign, he is revered for having established a modern constitution of Jordan.[5] Personal lifeIn 1934, Talal married his first cousin Zein al-Sharaf Talal who bore him four sons and two daughters:
Ancestry{{Hashemites}}Titles and honoursTitles{{Infobox royal styles|royal name = King Talal of Jordan |image = |dipstyle = His Majesty |offstyle = Your Majesty |altstyle = Sir}}
Honours
See also{{Commons category|Talal of Jordan}}
References1. ^{{cite news|title=Ex‐King Talal of Jordan Dies; Abdicated in '52 in Favor of Son|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/09/archives/exig-tat-t-of-jod-di-i-abdiated-in-52-in-favor-of-soni.html?_r=0|accessdate=11 April 2017|work=New York Times|agency=Associated Press|date=July 9, 1972|page=51}} 2. ^"Schizophrenia," Time Magazine, 18 August 1952 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jordan Royal Ark 4. ^{{cite news|last=Elliot House|first=Karen|title=The Art of Middle East Survival|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122066538264506163|accessdate=27 August 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=6 September 2008}} 5. ^http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-remembers-king-talal 6. ^Boletín Oficial del Estado Bibliography
| before=Abdullah I | title=King of Jordan | after=Hussein | years=1951–1952 }}{{s-end}}{{Jordan Kings}}{{Jordanian princes}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Talal Of Jordan}} 11 : 1909 births|1972 deaths|People from Mecca|Monarchs who abdicated|Field marshals|House of Hashim|Kings of Jordan|People with schizophrenia|Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Muslim monarchs|Royalty and nobility with disabilities |
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