Robert Knox (1791–1862) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist and zoologist.

Robert Knox or Rob Knox may also refer to:

• Robert Knox (bishop) (1808–1893), Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore and Archbishop of Armagh
• Robert Knox (politician) (fl. 1966), mayor of Berwick-upon-Tweed
• Robert Knox (sailor) (1641–1720), English sea captain in the service of the British East India Company
• Robert Knox (private equity investor) (born 1952)
• Robert Sinclair Knox (1881–c. 1963), British Army officer
• Sir Robert King, 1st Baronet (died 1707), Anglo-Irish politician
• Rob Knox (1989–2008), English actor

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