“Tanfield Railway”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Tanfield Railway is a {{Track gauge|4ft8.5in|allk=on}} heritage railway in Gateshead and County Durham, England. Running on part of a former colliery wooden waggonway, later a steam railway, it operates preserved industrial steam locomotives. The railway operates a passenger service every Sunday, plus other days, as well as occasional demonstration coal, goods & mixed trains. The line runs {{convert|3|mi|km}} between a southern terminus at East Tanfield, Durham, to a northern terminus at Sunniside, Gateshead. Another station, Andrews House, is situated near the Marley Hill engine shed. A halt also serves the historic site of the Causey Arch. The railway claims to be "the world's oldest railway".

Colliery Railway

The Tanfield Waggonway was built by the Grand Allies from about 1720 to transport coal more reliably & cheaply from inland collieries of County Durham, to the staiths on the River Tyne at Redheugh. From here the coal was transported in keels downriver to South Shields, then transferred to colliers (bulk coal carrying ships)^[1] for the voyage down the North Sea coast to south east England. Many older shorter coal waggonways existed to the north of the present heritage line, in the Whickham & Lobley Hill areas, but the Tanfield Waggonway was a much longer and heavily engineered route which gave the Grand Allies market dominance all year round. (Although supply to SE England was still subject to North Sea winters.) The Tanfield route was in continuous use from 1725 until final closure in 1964.^[1]

The route and structures of the oldest section of the now preserved part of the line, between Sunniside and Causey, dates from 1725, and is thus the world's oldest railway still in operation.^[1]^[2]

The Middleton Railway claims to be the oldest railway, on the basis that it was the first railway granted powers under the first railway Act of Parliament in 1758.^[2] The Causey to East Tanfield section was built in 1839.^[1]

The Marley Hill engine shed was built by 1854, and was in industrial use until 1970.^[1]^[8] The shed is on the Bowes Railway, whereas locos used on the Tanfield branch were stabled at the nearby Bowes Bridge MPD (a sub-shed of Gateshead), the coaling ramp and turntable pit of which are still visible adjacent to the track between Andrews House and Sunniside. A winding engine engine occupied the Bowes Bridge site from 1840-81, a locomotive shed from 1881-1962. The headshunt by Marley Hill signal box is the point where the west-east Bowes Railway crossed the south-north Tanfield branch. When the Tanfield Railway began running trains in 1977 a curve was installed to allow Marley Hill locos & trains onto the Tanfield Branch. Marley Hill engine shed is the oldest in the world still used for its original function.^[9] As collieries on the NCB line closed in the 1960s, coal was brought by road to adjacent drops for onward rail transport, and the shed saw further use servicing other local colliery locomotives.^[9]

Originally a wooden railed horse drawn waggonway, conversion to a steel railed railway began in 1837, and by 1840 was complete as far as Tanfield Moor Colliery, using stationary steam engines, gravity inclines & horses.^[8] In 1881, while operated by the North Eastern Railway^[8], steam locomotives replaced the stationary steam engines and horses. Although primarily a coal railway, it did carry some passengers.^[8] The railway closed when the last colliery on the line at East Tanfield ceased production in 1964.^[8]

Preservation

The early years of the railway as a preservation project concentrated on Marley Hill, preparing locos for steaming, working on the shed structure and acquiring basic needs such as water and electricity. Locomotives No.21 (Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns engine of 1954 0-4-0st) and No.5 (Malleable) were steamed in public in 1973. The first passenger train ran for a week August 1975, using locomotives No.21, No.32 and Sir Cecil A Cochrane, and a small carriage acquired from the British Steel Corporation site at Teesside.^[8]

The preserved line was first built from Marley Hill to the current northern terminus, Sunniside Station, with passenger trains beginning on 2 July 1981,^[8] and an official opening ceremony on 14 July 1982. Andrews House station just south of Marley Hill sheds was completed between 1987 and 1989^[8] and was equipped with platforms, a water tower, a station building and a footbridge. The first train south to Causey was on 27 July 1991, with the official opening ceremony being held on 15 August 1991. The first train further south to the current end of the line at East Tanfield occurred on 18 October 1992.^[8] East Tanfield Station itself was opened in 1997. The Causey to Tanfield section is through a wood lined gorge.^[9]

Part of the reason the line was preserved was the fact Marley Hill shed remained open until 1970.^[9] The vintage machinery in the workshop is still capable of full locomotive overhauls.^[9] The oldest locomotive on the railway was built in Gateshead in 1873, and all of the railway's carriage stock dates from the 19th Century.^[3]

Causey Arch

The current preserved line passes near to Causey Arch, the oldest surviving railway bridge in the world.^[3] It was built to carry a new branch from the route of the now preserved line, to a site known as Dawson's Drift.^[8] Built between 1725 and 1727, at {{convert|150|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|long}} and {{convert|80|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|high}}, it was the largest single-span bridge in Britain, and remained so for 30 years.^[4]^[3]

Locations

Steam locomotives

As of 2017, the Railway has become the home to a large collection of industrial steam engines, with 28 in all, though only three are operational. One is undergoing repairs and three more are under overhaul for future operation, with the other 21 around the Marley Hill site.

Operational steam locomotives

Steam locomotives Under Overhaul/Restoration

Diesel and electric locomotives

Coaching Stock

Additional photographs

References

1. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web | title= Tanfield Railway | publisher= BBC | work= Wear > Places > Places features > Tanfield Railway | date= 21 May 2008 | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/wear/content/articles/2008/05/20/tanfield_main_feature.shtml | accessdate= 4 July 2009}}
2. ^¹{{cite web |title=Alternative Attractions in NE England |publisher=Heritage Railway Association |date=4 August 2000 |url=http://ukhrail.uel.ac.uk/rail200b.html |accessdate=4 July 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020175014/http://ukhrail.uel.ac.uk/rail200b.html |archivedate=20 October 2008 |location=Tywyn, Gwynedd |first=Mark |last=Dewell}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite book | title= Best of Britain's Steam Railways | publisher= AA Publishing | year= 2006 | isbn= 0-7495-4212-8}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰{{cite web |title=The Tanfield Railway |first1=John |last1=Grant |first2=Nathan |last2=Darroch |publisher=Railways of Britain (http://railways-of-britain.com) |date=13 December 2008 |url=http://railways-of-britain.com/tanfield.html |accessdate=4 July 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002002650/http://railways-of-britain.com/tanfield.html |archivedate=2 October 2011 |df= }}
5. ^Industrial Locomotives Handbook 15EL, Industrial Railway Society, 2009, {{ISBN|978-1-901556-53-7}}