“Romans 1”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Romans 1 is the first chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid 50s CE,{{sfn|Barton|Muddiman|2007|p=1084}} with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22.{{sfn|Barton|Muddiman|2007|p=1077}} {{bibleverse||Acts|20:3|NKJV}} records that Paul stayed in Greece, probably Corinth, for three months.

Text

The original text is written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 32 verses.

Textual versions

Some of the most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Koine Greek are:^[1]

A later manuscript, Codex Boernerianus (probably ninth century) does not use the phrase ἐν Ῥώμῃ (in Rome). In verse 7 this phrase was replaced by ἐν ἀγαπῃ (in love, Latin interlinear text – in caritate et dilectione), and in verse 15 the phrase is omitted from both the Greek and Latin texts.^[2]

Several scholars believe verses 18 to 32 (and chapter 2) are a non-Pauline interpolation.^[3]

Old Testament references

New Testament references

Greeting

The letter is addressed "to all in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints" ^[4] but not to "the church in Rome" as such. Methodist founder John Wesley suggested that the believers in Rome "were scattered up and down in that large city, and not yet reduced into the form of a church".^[5] As with many of the Pauline epistles, Paul's first thoughts are of thanksgiving:

Verse 16

Verse 17

The Septuagint has ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεώς μου ζήσεται.

The phrase comprising the last three Hebrew words of 4 is cited in Greek three times in the New Testament, all in Pauline epistles — Romans 1:17; 11; and 38 — "demonstrating its importance to the early church," asserted Dockery.^[9]

Moody Smith, Jr. showed that in this verse, by exegesis of 11 (also quoting 4), Paul took the ek pisteos with the verb zesetai not by the subject of the sentence, ho dikaios.^[10] This is supported by Qumran interpretation of the text, as well as Paul's contemporaries and more recent commentators, such as Lightfoot.^[11]

God's Revelation in Nature

This is one of the important statements in the Bible relating to the concept of 'natural revelation': that other than revealing Himself in Christ and in the Scriptures, God reveals Himself to everyone through nature and history, and all human beings have the capacity to receive such revelation because they continue to bear the divine image.^[13] It echoes what Paul and Barnabas has said to a crowd in Lystra in {{bibleverse||Acts|14:16-17|NKJV}}:

God’s Wrath on Unrighteousness

Paul begins to explain from [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans+1%3A18&version=NKJV;TR1550 verse 18] onwards why the gospel ({{lang-gr|το ευαγγελιον του χριστου}}) is needed: it is to save humankind, both gentiles and Jews, from the wrath of God ({{lang-gr|οργη θεου}}). The wrath of God is explained by Lutheran theologian Heinrich Meyer as "the affection of a personal God, ... the love of the holy God (who is neither neutral nor one-sided in His affection) for all that is good in its energy as antagonistic to all that is evil".^[15]

Verse 27

Equivalent to "was due" , which is better, though the word expresses a necessity in the nature of the case - that which must needs be as the consequence of violating the divine law.^[18]

Greek concordance and lexicon define this word as: "a reward, recompense, retribution";^[19] "remunerating, a reward given in compensation, requital, recompense; in a bad sense."^[20]

See also

References

1. ^List of manuscripts „Fortsetzung der Liste der Handschriften“ Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Universität Münster. (PDF-file; 147 kB)
2. ^{{Cite book |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger |last2=Ehrman |first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman |title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition = 4 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York – Oxford |url= |isbn=978-0-19-516122-9 |pages= 75–76}}
3. ^Percy Neale Harrison, Paulines and Pastorals (London: Villiers Publications, 1964), 80–85; Robert Martyr Hawkins, The Recovery of the Historical Paul (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1943), 79-86; Alfred Firmin Loisy, The Origins of the New Testament (New Hyde Park, NY: University Books, 1962), 250; ibid., The Birth of the Christian Religion (New Hyde Park, NY: University Books, 1962), 363 n.21; Winsome Munro, Authority in Paul and Peter: The Identification of a Pastoral Stratum in the Pauline Corpus and 1 Peter, SNTSMS 45 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 113; John C. O'Neill, Paul's Letter to the Romans (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1975), 40-56; William O. Walker, Jr., "Romans 1.18–2.29: A Non-Pauline Interpolation?" New Testament Studies 45, no. 4 (1999): 533–52.
4. ^Berean Study Bible, Romans 1:7
5. ^Wesley's Notes on the Bible on Romans 1, accessed 1 September 2016
6. ^See {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|1:4-5|NKJV}}; {{bibleverse||Philippians|1:3|NKJV}}; {{bibleverse||Colossians|1:3|NKJV}}; {{bibleverse|1|Thessalonians|1:2|NKJV}} and {{bibleverse|2|Thessalonians|1:3|NKJV}}
7. ^[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans+1%3A16&version=NRSV Romans 1:16]
8. ^{{bibleverse||Romans|1:17|KJV}}
9. ^Dockery, David S. “The Use of Hab. 2:4 in Rom. 1:17: Some Hermeneutical and Theological Considerations.” Wesleyan Theological Journal 22, no. 2 (September 1, 1987): 24–36.
10. ^Smith, D. Moody, Jr. "HO DE DIKAIOS EK PISTEOS ZESETAI". Second article in XXIX (Studies & Documents, ed. Jacob Geerlings), Studies in the History and Text of the New Testament in honor of Kennet Willis Clark, Boyd L. Daniels & M. Jack Suggs, eds., pp. 13-25.
11. ^Lightfoot wrote: "I cannot doubt that ek pisteos is to be taken with zesetai; and not with ho dikaios". Lightfoot, J.B. Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul, Bibliolife. 2010. p. 250. {{ISBN|978-1140434795}}.
12. ^[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans+1%3A19-20&version=NRSV Romans 1:19-20] (New Revised Standard Version).
13. ^¹New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition. Edited by D. A. Carson, R. T. France, J. A. Motyer, and G. J. Wenham. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994. pp. 1121-1124. {{ISBN|9780830814428}}.
14. ^New King James Version
15. ^Meyer's NT Commentary on Romans 1, accessed 4 September 2016
16. ^{{bibleref2|Romans|1:26|KJV}}
17. ^[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%201:27-1:27&version=NABRE Romans 1:27].
18. ^Vincent, Marvin R., Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament, 1985.
19. ^Strong, J. The exhaustive concordance of the Bible: Showing every word of the text of the common English version of the canonical books, and every occurrence of each word in regular order. Ontario: Woodside Bible Fellowship. 1996.
20. ^Thayer, Joseph. Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Coded with Strong's Concordance Numbers. Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers. 1995. {{ISBN|9781565632097}}.