“Tannin (monster)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Tannin (monster)

释义

Name
Canaanite mythology
Hebrew mythology
See also
Notes
References
Citations Bibliography

Tannin ({{lang-he|{{linktext|תנין}}}}; {{lang-ar|التنين}} {{transl|ar|ALA|Tinnin}}) or Tunannu (Ugaritic: 𐎚𐎐𐎐 tnn, vocalized tu-un-na-nu{{sfnp|Day|1985|p=5}}) was a sea monster in Canaanite, Phoenician, and Hebrew mythology used as a symbol of chaos and evil.{{sfnp|Heider|1999|p=836}}

Name

The name may derive from a root meaning "howling" or from coiling in a manner like smoke.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In modern Hebrew usage the word Tanin (תנין) means "crocodile."

Canaanite mythology

Tannin appears in the Baal Cycle as one of the servants of Yam ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} "Sea") defeated by Baʿal ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} "Lord"){{sfnp|Herrmann|1999|p=135}} or bound by his sister, ʿAnat.{{sfnp|Heider|1999|p=135}} He is usually depicted as serpentine, possibly with a double tail.{{sfnp|Heider|1999|p=135}}

Hebrew mythology

The tanninim ({{lang|he|תַּנִּינִים}}) also appear in the Hebrew Bible's of Book of Genesis,^[1] Exodus,^[2] Deuteronomy,^[3] Psalms,{{refn|{{bibleref|Ps.|74:13|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Ps.|91:13|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Ps.|148:7|HE}}, and possibly {{bibleverse-nb||Ps.|44:20|HE}}.{{sfnp|Heider|1999|p=135–136}}}} Job,^[4] Ezekiel,^[5] Isaiah,^[6] and Jeremiah.^[7] They are explicitly listed among the creatures created by God on the fifth day of the Genesis creation narrative,^[1] translated in the King James Version as "great whales".^[8] The tannin is listed in the apocalypse of Isaiah as among the sea beasts to be slain by Yahweh "on that day",^[9] translated in the King James Version as "the dragon".^[10]{{refn|group=n|This passage in Isaiah directly parallels another from the earlier Baal Cycle. The Hebrew passage describing the tannin takes the place of a Ugaritic one describing "the encircler"{{sfnp|Barker|2014|p=[https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=cXRZJlN8BbwC&pg=PA152 152]}} or "the mighty one with seven heads" (šlyṭ d.šbʿt rašm).{{sfnp|Uehlinger|1999|p=512}} In both the Ugaritic and Hebrew texts, it is debatable whether three figures are being described or whether the others are epithets of Lotan or Leviathan.}}

In Jewish mythology, Tannin is sometimes conflated with the related sea monsters Leviathan and Rahab.{{sfnp|Heider|1999|pp=835–836}} Along with Rahab, "Tannin" was a name applied to ancient Egypt after the Exodus to Canaan.{{sfnp|Heider|1999|p=836}}

In modern scholarship, Tannin is sometimes associated with Tiamat and, in modern Hebrew, the name tannin means crocodile. The name has subsequently been given to three submarines in the Israeli Navy: the first, an S-class submarine formerly known as HMS Springer, was in commission from 1958 until 1972. The second, a Gal-class submarine, was in commission from 1977 until 2002. The third INS Tanin is a Dolphin-class submarine in commission since 2014.

Notes

1. ^¹{{bibleref|Gen.|1:21|HE}}.
2. ^{{bibleref|Exod.|7:9–10:12|HE}}.
3. ^{{bibleref|Deut.|32:33|HE}}.
4. ^{{bibleref|Job|7:12|HE}}.
5. ^{{bibleref|Ezek.|29:3}} & {{bibleverse-nb||Ezek.|32:2|HE}}.
6. ^{{bibleref|Isa.|27:1|HE}} & {{bibleverse-nb||Isa.|51:9|HE}}.
7. ^{{bibleref|Jer.|51:34|HE}}.
8. ^{{bibleref|Gen.|1:21|KJV}} (KJV).
9. ^{{bibleref|Isa.|27:1|HE}}.
10. ^{{bibleref|Isa.|27:1|KJV}} (KJV).

References

Citations

Bibliography

{{citation |last=Barker |first=William D. |title=Isaiah's Kingship Polemic: An Exegetical Study in Isaiah 24–27 |url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=cXRZJlN8BbwC&printsec=frontcover |contribution=Litan in Ugarit |pp=151–167 |contribution-url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=cXRZJlN8BbwC&pg=PA151 |date=2014 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |location=Tübingen |isbn=978-3-16-153347-1 }}.
{{cite book|first=John|last=Day|title=God's Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea: Echoes of a Canaanite Myth in the Old Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRU9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA5|date=1985|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25600-1|page=5}}
{{citation |last=Heider |first=George C. |contribution=Tannîn |contribution-url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA834 |editor-last=Toorn |editor-first=Karel van der |editor-link=Karel van der Toorn |editor2-last=Becking |editor2-first=Bob |editor3-last=Horst |editor3-first=Pieter Willem van der |editor3-link=Pieter Willem van der Horst |display-editors=0 |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, 2nd ed. |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1999 |pp=834–836 }}.
{{citation |last=Herrmann |first=Wolfgang |contribution=Baal |contribution-url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA132 |editor-last=Toorn |editor-first=Karel van der |editor-link=Karel van der Toorn |editor2-last=Becking |editor2-first=Bob |editor3-last=Horst |editor3-first=Pieter Willem van der |editor3-link=Pieter Willem van der Horst |display-editors=0 |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, 2nd ed. |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1999 |pp=132–139 }}.
{{citation |last=Uehlinger |first=C. |contribution=Leviathan |contribution-url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA511 |editor-last=Toorn |editor-first=Karel van der |editor-link=Karel van der Toorn |editor2-last=Becking |editor2-first=Bob |editor3-last=Horst |editor3-first=Pieter Willem van der |editor3-link=Pieter Willem van der Horst |display-editors=0 |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, 2nd ed. |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1999 |pp=511–515 }}.

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