“Tanya Plibersek”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Tanya Joan Plibersek (born 2 December 1969) is an Australian politician who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 1998, representing the Labor Party. She has been the party's deputy leader since 2013, and served as a minister in the Rudd and Gillard Governments.

Plibersek was born in Sydney to Slovenian immigrant parents. She has degrees from the University of Technology Sydney and Macquarie University, and before entering parliament worked as a staffer for Senator Bruce Childs. Plibersek was elected to the Division of Sydney at the 1998 federal election, aged 28. She was added to the Shadow Cabinet in 2004, and when Labor won the 2007 election was made Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women. In a cabinet reshuffle in 2010, Plibersek was instead made Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion. She was promoted to Minister for Health the following year, and held that position until Labor's defeat at the 2013 election. Plibersek was elected deputy leader to Bill Shorten in the election's aftermath. She is a member of the Labor Left faction.

Early life

Plibersek was born in Sydney, the youngest of three children born to Joseph and Rose Plibersek. Her oldest brother Ray is a lawyer, and her other brother Phillip (d. 1997) was a geologist. Her parents were born in small Slovenian villages, arriving in Australia as part of the post-war immigration scheme. Her mother (née Rosalija Repič) was born in Podvinci, and came to Australia via Italy. Her father (né Jože Pliberšek) was born in Kočno pri Polskavi, and came to Australia via Austria and Germany. He found work as a labourer on the Snowy Mountains Scheme, and later worked for Qantas as a plumber and gas fitter.^[1]^[2]

Plibersek grew up in the suburb of Oyster Bay. She attended Oyster Bay Public School and Jannali Girls High School, where she was the dux. She joined the Labor Party at the age of 15.^[1] Plibersek studied journalism at the University of Technology Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in communications. She then took a Masters in Public Policy and Politics at Macquarie University.^[3]^[4] After a failed attempt to secure a cadetship with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), she found work with the Domestic Violence Unit at the New South Wales Government's Office for the Status and Advancement of Women.^[3] She later worked in the office of Senator Bruce Childs.^[5]

Politics

Early years

Plibersek was elected to the House of Representatives for the Division of Sydney in 1998 and has been re-elected seven times.^[6] She was elected to the Shadow Ministry after the 2004 election. She was Shadow Minister for Work, Family and Community, Shadow Minister for Youth and Early Childhood Education and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader on the Status of Women since October 2004. This portfolio was retitled Shadow Minister for Child Care, Youth and Women in June 2005. Following the Shadow Ministerial reshuffle in December 2006 (when Kevin Rudd assumed the leadership of the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party) Plibersek was promoted to Shadow Minister for Human Services, Housing, Youth and Women.

Plibersek writes a fortnightly column for The Sydney Morning Herald and has appeared regularly as a commentator on ABC TV talk show Q&A since 2008.

Rudd and Gillard Governments

In the 2007 federal election, Plibersek was re-elected to the seat of Sydney with a 2.12-point swing toward the Labor Party,^[7] and was appointed Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women in the First Rudd Ministry. In the 2010 federal election, Plibersek was re-elected to the seat of Sydney with a 2.25-point swing against the Labor Party.^[8] On 11 September 2010, Plibersek was appointed Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion, that took effect from the conclusion of her maternity leave.

As Minister for Housing, Plibersek launched the Social Housing Initiative, which provided for the construction of more than 19,300 new social housing units, with approximately 70,000 units receiving repairs and maintenance.^[9] In December 2008, along with Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister at that time, Plibersek released the Government's White Paper on Homelessness, The Road Home, which has a goal of halving homelessness by 2020.^[10]

As Minister for the Status of Women, Plibersek initiated policies such as convening the National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children in May 2008, and releasing the National Council's Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children in March 2009.^[11]^[12] Plibersek also addressed the 2009 United Nations International Women's Day event, attended by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, and announced Australia's formal accession to the United Nations Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).^[13] Plibersek said that acceding to the Optional Protocol "will send a strong message that Australia is serious about promoting gender equality and that we are prepared to be judged by international human rights standards."^[14]

Following the retirement of Nicola Roxon on 14 December 2011, Plibersek was appointed Minister for Health in the Second Gillard Ministry. Her title was changed to Minister for Health and Medical Research in the Second Rudd Ministry, with effect from 1 July 2013.

Deputy Leader of the Opposition

Plibersek was elected deputy leader of the Labor Party (and thus Deputy Leader of the Opposition) on 14 October 2013, in a caucus vote following the leadership election that had seen Bill Shorten succeed Kevin Rudd as leader.^[15] She was Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development until July 2016, when she was instead made Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Women.^[16]

Political positions

Abortion

As Minister for Health, Plibersek approved listing the abortion drug RU-486 on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Plibersek described the provision of the medicine as "a good thing in the situation where women are faced with one of the most difficult decisions that they will ever make".^[17] Anti-abortion groups criticised the move, with one campaigner, Margaret Tighe, labelling it a "gross abuse of power."^[18] Other commentators, including Clementine Ford, labelled the decision "progressive".^[19]^[20]

LGBT rights

Plibersek campaigned for the removal from federal legislation of discrimination against same-sex de facto couples, raising the issue formally in Parliament on multiple occasions (including 1999),^[21] 2006,^[22] and 2008^[23] over her parliamentary career. In her regular paid advertisement in the South Sydney Herald, in 2010 Plibersek wrote that "The passing of these reforms to federal legislation was one of the proudest moments of my time in the Australian Parliament"^[24] and has marched in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade in 2008.^[25] The Labor Party was criticised by some LGBT groups^[26]^[27] over the party's bipartisan policy against the legalisation of same-sex marriage. Plibersek's own views aside, in an opinion piece she wrote for The Sydney Morning Herald in 2007 she acknowledged that "Labor does not support changing the Marriage Act to allow same-sex marriage".^[30] In the article, she argues for some form of nationally consistent recognition of same-sex relationships.^[28]

On 25 July 2004, Plibersek was loudly heckled at an anti-homophobia rally due to the issue.^[27]

At the Australian Labor Party national conference in 2011, the delegates voted to include same-sex marriage as official party policy, although MPs are allowed a conscience vote.^[29]

Iraq War

Plibersek opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[34] It was reported that when US President, George W. Bush, visited the Australian Parliament in 2003, 'Sydney Labor MP Tanya Plibersek walked around the chamber as President Bush shook hands with MPs to give Bush's national security adviser Condoleezza Rice a book of speeches by Labor MPs opposing Australia invading Iraq without UN approval.'^[30] She also stated in Parliament, "I do not support an attack on Iraq. I particularly do not support a pre-emptive first strike. Nor do I support any action that is initiated by the US alone rather than being sanctioned by the United Nations."^[31]

Israel

Speaking in the House of Representatives on 17 September 2002, Plibersek said: "I can think of a rogue state which consistently ignores UN resolutions, whose ruler is a war criminal responsible for the massacres of civilians in refugee camps outside its borders. The US supports and funds this country. This year it gave it a blank cheque to continue its repression of its enemies. It uses US military hardware to bulldoze homes and kill civilians. It is called Israel, and the war criminal is Ariel Sharon. Needless to say, the US does not mention the UN resolutions that Israel has ignored for 30 years; it just continues sending the money..."^[32]

Plibersek's remarks again gained prominence in October 2013, after she and Bill Shorten were elected as deputy leader and leader of the Labor Party, respectively. After choosing to take on the foreign affairs portfolio while in opposition, Liberal Party MP Julie Bishop, the current Minister for Foreign Affairs said Plibersek should "publicly retract those statements". The Australian noted that Plibersek's appointment was likely to be criticised by the Jewish community in Australia.^[35] Plibersek briefly visited Israel and the State of Palestine in February 2014, meeting with the Prime Minister of Palestine, Rami Hamdallah.^[36]

List of portfolios

Plibersek has held the following portfolios and parliamentary party positions since her election in 1998 (both shadow and government appointments are listed):^[6]

Personal life

Plibersek lives in Sydney with her husband, Michael Coutts-Trotter, who is a senior public servant and the current director-general of the New South Wales Department of Family and Community Services,^[37] and their children Anna, Joseph and Louis.^[38]

Following the 2010 federal election where Labor retained government with the support of the Australian Greens and independents, parliamentary numbers were finely balanced. Plibersek was granted a pair by the Coalition so that her absence from the House of Representatives while on maternity leave did not affect the result of votes.^[39] She gave birth to her son on 1 October 2010.^[40]^[41]

In September 2016, her older brother Ray Plibersek was elected to Sutherland Shire council representing C Ward for the Australian Labor Party.^[42]

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/cool-calm-elected-20120917-2612j.html|title=Cool, calm, elected|author=Anne Summers|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=17 September 2012|access-date=6 March 2018}}
2. ^Plibersek, The Hon Tanya, Member for Sydney, NSW, Citizenship Register – 45th Parliament, Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
3. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.afr.com/it-pro/the-rise-of-tanya-plibersek-20140827-jyomt|title=The rise of Tanya Plibersek|publisher=The Australian Financial Review|author=Tony Walker|date=27 August 2014|access-date=6 March 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2183677.htm |title=Tanya Plibersek |accessdate=13 June 2008 |date=10 March 2008 |work=Unleashed |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tanyaplibersek.com/?q=node/2 |title=About Tanya |work=Tanya Plibersek |year=2012 |accessdate=29 October 2011}}
6. ^¹{{cite web |title=Hon Tanya Plibersek MP|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=83M |publisher=Australian House of Representatives |accessdate=15 September 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=Summary of Sydney |date=19 December 2007 |work=Federal Election 2007 |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |url=http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-13745-149.htm |accessdate=19 December 2007}}
8. ^{{cite web |title = Summary of Sydney |date=15 September 2010 |work=Federal Election 2010 |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |url=http://results.aec.gov.au/15508/Website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-15508-149.htm |accessdate=10 November 2010}}
9. ^{{cite web |title=Social Housing Initiative |work=Social Housing |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia – Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs |url=http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/progserv/social_housing/Pages/default.aspx |accessdate=10 October 2010}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=The Road Home – The Australian Government White Paper on Homelessness |date=21 December 2008 |work=Housing and Homelessness |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs |url=http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/progserv/homelessness/whitepaper/Pages/default.aspx |accessdate=10 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705023655/http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/progserv/homelessness/whitepaper/Pages/default.aspx |archivedate=5 July 2009 }}
11. ^{{cite web |title=Time for Action: The National Council’s Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, 2009–2021 |date=March 2009 |work=National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia – Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs |url=http://www.facs.gov.au/sa/women/pubs/violence/np_time_for_action/snapshot_summary/Documents/A_Snapshot.pdf |accessdate=10 August 2010 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322110625/http://www.facs.gov.au/sa/women/pubs/violence/np_time_for_action/snapshot_summary/Documents/A_Snapshot.pdf |archivedate=22 March 2011 }}
12. ^{{cite web |author=Plibersek, Tanya |title=Launch of the National Council to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children's Time for Action Report |date=29 April 2009 |work=National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs |url=http://www.nasasv.org.au/National_Plan/Tanya_Plibersek_Speech-Launch_of_Time_for_Action_report.pdf |accessdate=10 August 2010|format=PDF }}
13. ^{{cite press release |title=Minister address United Nations on gender equality |date=5 March 2009 |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F95YS6%22 |accessdate=10 August 2010}}
14. ^{{cite press release|title=Australia Comes in From The Cold on Women's Rights |date=24 November 2008 |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia Attorney-General |url=http://www.ema.gov.au/www/ministers/mcclelland.nsf/Page/MediaReleases_2008_FourthQuarter_24November2008-AustraliaComesInFromTheColdOnWomensRights |accessdate=10 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307064207/http://ema.gov.au/www/ministers/mcclelland.nsf/Page/MediaReleases_2008_FourthQuarter_24November2008-AustraliaComesInFromTheColdOnWomensRights |archivedate=7 March 2011 }}
15. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/14/plibersek-elected-deputy-labor-leader#img-1Tanya Plibersek elected to be Bill Shorten's deputy], The Guardian, 14 October 2013.
16. ^Tanya Plibersek to take on education portfolio under Labor ministry changes, ABC News, 23 July 2016.
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-30/abortion-pill-ru486-and-three-cancer-drugs-added-to-the-pharmac/4790158 |title=Abortion pill RU486 and three cancer drugs added to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 June 2013 |accessdate=25 October 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.australiantimes.co.uk/news/news-from-australia/news-in-australia/controversy-as-abortion-drug-ru486-added-to-pbs.htm |title=Controversy as abortion drug RU486 added to PBS |publisher=Australiantimes.co.uk |date=1 July 2013 |accessdate=25 October 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195154/http://www.australiantimes.co.uk/news/news-from-australia/news-in-australia/controversy-as-abortion-drug-ru486-added-to-pbs.htm |archivedate=29 October 2013 }}
19. ^{{cite web|last=Oakes|first=Sarah|title=10 reasons the RU486 listing is so important|url=http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/dl-opinion/10-reasons-the-ru486-listing-is-so-important-20130701-2p767.html|accessdate=25 October 2013|publisher=dailylife.com.au|date=2 July 2013}}
20. ^{{cite web|last=Ford|first=Clementine|title=Do you have sex? Do you not want to be pregnant?|url=http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/dl-opinion/do-you-have-sex-do-you-not-want-to-be-pregnant-20120903-25a0g.html|accessdate=25 October 2013|publisher=dailylife.com.au|date=4 September 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web |author=Plibersek, Tanya MP |title=Same Sex Relationships – Adjournment Speech |date=8 June 1999 |work=Australian House of Representatives: Hansard |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/1999-06-08/0076/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf |accessdate=15 October 2010}}
22. ^{{cite web |author=Plibersek, Tanya MP |title=Superannuation: Same-Sex Couples – Grievence Debate |date=22 May 2006 |work=Australian House of Representatives: Hansard |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/2006-05-22/0143/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf |accessdate=15 October 2010}}
23. ^{{cite web |author=Plibersek, Tanya MP |title=Commonwealth Law Reform: Same-Sex Couples – Constituency Statement |date=25 September 2008 |work=Australian House of Representatives: Hansard |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/2008-09-25/0175/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf |accessdate=15 October 2010}}
24. ^{{cite news|author=Plibersek, Tanya MP |title=Member for Sydney – Column |date=March 2010 |work=South Sydney Herald |publisher=South Sydney Uniting Church |url=http://www.southsydneyherald.com.au/pdf/SSH_MAR%2010.pdf |accessdate=15 October 2010 |page=4 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219105647/http://www.southsydneyherald.com.au/pdf/SSH_MAR%2010.pdf |archivedate=19 February 2011 }}
25. ^Socialjusticeinearlychildhood.org
26. ^{{cite web|title=Labor's Same-Sex Registration Policy Entrenches Discrimination |date=27 April 2007 |publisher=Australian Marriage Equality (National lobby group) |url=http://www.australianmarriageequality.com/releases/20070427.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130117103722/http://www.australianmarriageequality.com/releases/20070427.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=17 January 2013 |accessdate=5 August 2007 }}
27. ^¹{{cite web |title=Rally protests same-sex marriage ban |date=4 August 2004 |url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/2004/592/32048 |work=Green Left Weekly |accessdate=5 August 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930023507/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2004/592/32048 |archivedate=30 September 2007 }}
28. ^¹{{cite news |author=Plibersek, Tanya |title=The discrimination that makes a lie of equality |date=21 March 2007 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/the-discrimination-that-makes-a-lie-of-equality/2007/03/20/1174153063800.html?page=fullpage |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |accessdate=5 August 2007}}
29. ^ALP platform changes to support gay marriage
30. ^{{cite news |author=Kingston, Margot |title=Charge of the Lightfoot brigade doesn't stop Green protest |date=23 October 2003 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/10/23/1066631547601.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |accessdate=5 August 2007}}
31. ^¹{{cite web |author=Plibersek, Tanya |title=Ministerial Statements – Foreign Affairs |date=17 September 2002 |work=Australian House of Representatives: Hansard |publisher=Parliament of Australia |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2002-09-17%2F0075%22 |accessdate=5 August 2007}}
32. ^Hansard Tuesday, 17 September 2002, Page 6455
33. ^The Anti-Semitic Labor Party, The Age, 25 October 2004.
34. ^The Religion Report: 27 October 2004 – Barry Cohen on the ALP and anti-Semitism, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 27 October 2004.
35. ^Israel attack threatens Tanya Plibersek's choice of foreign affairs portfolio, The Australian, 16 October 2013.
36. ^Plibersek reflects on Israel trip, The Australian Jewish News, 24 February 2014.
37. ^{{cite news |author=Welch, Dylan |author2=Patty, Anna |title=Give me a chance: schools' chief |date=11 April 2007 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/give-me-a-chance-schools-chief/2007/04/11/1175971135891.html?s_cid=rss_smh |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |page=6 |accessdate=11 April 2007}}
38. ^{{cite news |author=Nader, Carol |title=Labor faces rising Green tide |date=13 August 2010 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-election/labor-faces-rising-green-tide-20100812-121ir.html |work=The Age |location=Melbourne |accessdate=15 October 2010}}
39. ^{{cite news |agency=Australian Associated Press |title=73-72: government loses first vote in house |date=29 September 2010 |location=Australia |url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/7372-government-loses-first-vote-in-house-20100929-15wqn.html |work=The Age |accessdate=15 October 2010}}
40. ^{{cite news |author=Squires, Rosie |title=Nation's Parliament 'controlled' by a baby |date=9 October 2010 |url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/nations-parliament-ruled-by-baby-louis/story-e6frea8c-1225936508798 |work=Sunday Mail |accessdate=15 October 2010}}
41. ^{{cite news|last=Scott|first=Aimee|title=Sydney MP Tanya Plibersek gives birth to baby Louis|url=http://sydney-central.whereilive.com.au/news/story/new-baby-for-mp/|accessdate=16 October 2010|newspaper=Central Sydney|date=12 October 2010}}
42. ^Sutherland Shire Council: Councillors and Wards: Cr. Ray Plibersek C Ward: Retrieved 3 November 2017