| 词条 | Royal College of Ophthalmologists |
| 释义 |
| name = Royal College of Ophthalmologists | logo = Royal College of Ophthalmologists logo.svg | logo_size = | formation = 14 April 1988 | extinction = | tax_id = | registration_id = | headquarters = 18 Stephenson Way, London, England | coords = | region = United Kingdom | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = President | leader_name = Michael Burdon | affiliations = Academy of Medical Royal Colleges | website = {{URL|https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/}} }} The Royal College of Ophthalmologists,[1] founded in 1988, is an independent professional body and one of the Medical Royal Colleges. They set the standards and examinations for medical doctors aiming to become ophthalmologists, and provide surgical skills training, as well as services to those who have completed their training. History{{Main|Ophthalmology#History}}Historically, treatments for eye diseases were the preserve of much itinerant charlatanry, such as 'couching', or displacement of dense cataract with a needle, which led to brief improvements but very high complications[2] and blindness in more than 70%,[3] although the Sushruta Samhita described improvements to this as far back as 800 BC. The return of many soldiers from Napoleonic campaigns suffering an epidemic of trachoma, however, spurred the foundation of Moorfields Eye Hospital in 1805 by surgeon John Cunningham Saunders, with encouragement from Astley Cooper.[4] This led to institutions in Exeter, Bristol and Manchester, and a second in London, by 1816. This in turn led to the opening of ophthalmology departments in general hospitals during the 19th century. Despite this and the appointment of John Freke back in 1727 as the first surgeon specialising in eye diseases, many ophthalmologists of the day did not fully specialise and ophthalmology remained as a branch of general surgery under the ægis of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. As the specialisation of the field increased, the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom was founded in 1890 by Sir William Bowman, which held annual scientific meetings to further ophthalmic practice. The Faculty of Ophthalmologists was founded as a professional body in 1946 by Sir Stewart Duke-Elder as an offshoot of the Royal College of Surgeons. These two institutions merged in 1988 to form the College of Ophthalmologists; royal licence was granted five years later. The college was based in 17 Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park in London, walking distance from the Royal College of Physicians, but has recently relocated to larger premises in 18–20 Stephenson Way near the Royal College of General Practitioners and Euston Station. TodayThe College sets and examines standards for training as an ophthalmologist in the UK and is the only College whose qualification leads to access to the GMC Specialist Register in Ophthalmology (CCST) and publishes the research journal Eye, part of the Nature Publishing Group. It also represents ophthalmologists working and training in the UK. Fulfilling the requirements set by the College entitles doctors to the following post-nominal letters in increasing seniority:
Membership, once a prerequisite for fellowship, is becoming a separate qualification demonstrating core ophthalmological knowledge, as training in the UK has largely eliminated the SHO/registrar distinction in the field. Fellowship of the college (or its Scottish equivalents) is a necessary (but not sufficient) prerequisite for qualifying from training in the UK. It is also considered broadly equivalent to similar qualifications in the Commonwealth such as FRANZCO and the FRCSI (Ophth). As a surgical speciality, and having originated as part of the Royal College of Surgeons, fellows generally take the title Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, rather than Dr, although there are exceptions. The college also offers the Certificate in Laser Refractive Surgery as an additional qualification, and the Duke-Elder Prize Examination, a yearly competitive examination for medical undergraduates in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The president to 2017 was Carrie MacEwen, who has passed the role on to Michael Burdon.[5] See also
References1. ^http://www.rcophth.ac.uk {{Academy of Medical Royal Colleges}}2. ^{{cite journal |pmid=15909701 |year=2005 |last1=Omoti |first1=AE |title=Complications of traditional couching in a Nigerian local population |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=7–9 |journal=West African journal of medicine |doi=10.4314/wajm.v24i1.28153}} 3. ^{{cite journal |pages=271–83 |doi=10.1076/opep.7.4.271.4174 |title=Traditional couching is not an effective alternative procedure for cataract surgery in Mali |year=2000 |last1=Schémann |first1=Jean-François |last2=Bakayoko |first2=Seydou |last3=Coulibaly |first3=Sidi |journal=Ophthalmic Epidemiology |volume=7 |issue=4 |pmid=11262674}} 4. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.moorfields.nhs.uk/content/our-history|title = Our History - Moorfields Eye Hospital|date = 2014-07-31|accessdate = 2014-07-31|website = |publisher = Moorfields Eye Hospital|last = |first = }} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/2017/06/mr-burdon-takes-up-office-as-rcophth-president/|title=Mr. Burdon takes up office as RCOphth President|publisher=The Royal College of Ophthalmologists|language=en|access-date=2017-09-03}} 6 : Eye care in the United Kingdom|Health in the London Borough of Camden|Medical associations based in the United Kingdom|Organisations based in the London Borough of Camden|Professional associations based in the United Kingdom|Royal Colleges |
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