| 词条 | RpoN |
| 释义 |
The gene rpoN (RNA polymerase, nitrogen-limitation N) encodes the sigma factor sigma-54 (σ54, sigma N, or RpoN), a protein in Escherichia coli and other species of bacteria. RpoN antagonizes RpoS sigma factors.[1] Biological roleOriginally identified as a regulator of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and assimilation under nitrogen limiting conditions,[2] E. coli σ54 has since been shown to play important regulatory roles in a variety of other cellular processes. Similarly, σ54 homologues in other species regulate a wide range of processes, including flagellar synthesis and virulence.[3] Sequence specificity and mechanism of action{{Infobox protein family|Name=Sigma-54 factor, Activator interacting domain|Symbol=Sigma54_AID|Pfam=PF00309|PDB=5BYH|InterPro=IPR000394|PROSITE=PS50044}}σ54 promoter elements consist of conserved nucleotides located at −12 and −24 with respect to the transcription start site.[4] This contrasts with members of the σ70 family, which recognize conserved promoter elements located at roughly −10 and −35 with respect to the transcription start site.[5] Unlike the members of the σ70 family, σ54 proteins have been shown to bind promoter DNA independent of core RNAPin vitro.[6] Another distinguishing characteristic of σ54 proteins is their absolute requirement for activator proteins, known as bacterial enhancer binding proteins (bEBPs), to initiate transcription.[4][7] Thus, both active and inactive forms of RNAP:σ54 are bound at promoters.[8] The RpoN-regulated promoter elements have the consensus sequence as follows: TTGGCACGGTTTTTGCT.[9] References1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Dong T, Yu R, Schellhorn H | title = Antagonistic regulation of motility and transcriptome expression by RpoN and RpoS in Escherichia coli | journal = Molecular Microbiology | volume = 79 | issue = 2 | pages = 375–86 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21219458 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07449.x }} {{Escherichia coli}}{{gene-stub}}2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hunt TP, Magasanik B | title = Transcription of glnA by purified Escherichia coli components: core RNA polymerase and the products of glnF, glnG, and glnL | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 82 | issue = 24 | pages = 8453–7 | date = December 1985 | pmid = 2867543 | pmc = 390934 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8453 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Tsang J, Hoover TR | title = Themes and Variations: Regulation of RpoN-Dependent Flagellar Genes across Diverse Bacterial Species | journal = Scientifica | volume = 2014 | issue = | pages = 681754 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24672734 | pmc = 3930126 | doi = 10.1155/2014/681754 }} 4. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Wigneshweraraj S, Bose D, Burrows PC, Joly N, Schumacher J, Rappas M, Pape T, Zhang X, Stockley P, Severinov K, Buck M | title = Modus operandi of the bacterial RNA polymerase containing the sigma54 promoter-specificity factor | journal = Molecular Microbiology | volume = 68 | issue = 3 | pages = 538–46 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18331472 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06181.x }} 5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Gruber TM, Gross CA | title = Multiple sigma subunits and the partitioning of bacterial transcription space | journal = Annual Review of Microbiology | volume = 57 | issue = | pages = 441–66 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14527287 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090913 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Buck M, Cannon W | title = Specific binding of the transcription factor sigma-54 to promoter DNA | journal = Nature | volume = 358 | issue = 6385 | pages = 422–4 | date = July 1992 | pmid = 1641025 | doi = 10.1038/358422a0 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Shingler V | title = Signal sensory systems that impact σ⁵⁴ -dependent transcription | journal = FEMS Microbiology Reviews | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 425–40 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21054445 | doi = 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00255.x }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bonocora RP, Smith C, Lapierre P, Wade JT | title = Genome-Scale Mapping of Escherichia coli σ54 Reveals Widespread, Conserved Intragenic Binding | journal = PLoS Genetics | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | pages = e1005552 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26425847 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005552 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Leang C, Krushkal J, Ueki T, Puljic M, Sun J, Juárez K, Núñez C, Reguera G, DiDonato R, Postier B, Adkins RM, Lovley DR | title = Genome-wide analysis of the RpoN regulon in Geobacter sulfurreducens | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 10 | pages = 331 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19624843 | pmc = 2725144 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-10-331 }} 1 : Escherichia coli genes |
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