| 词条 | Tasman Sea |
| 释义 |
| name = Tasman Sea | image = Locatie Tasmanzee.PNG | caption = Location | image_bathymetry = Tasman Sea.jpg | caption_bathymetry = Map of the Tasman Sea | location = Western Pacific Ocean | coords = {{Coord|40|S|160|E|scale:10000000}} | type = Sea | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Australia, New Zealand | length = {{convert|2800|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|2200|km|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|2,300,000|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = | temperature_high = | temperature_low = | frozen = | islands = Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island | trenches = | benches = Lord Howe Rise | cities = Newcastle, Sydney, Wollongong, Auckland, Wellington, Hobart, New Plymouth, Whanganui }} The Tasman Sea (Māori: Te Tai-o-Rehua[1], {{Lang-pih|Tasman Sii}}) is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about {{convert|2000|km|mi}} across and about {{convert|2800|km|mi}} from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who was the first recorded European to encounter New Zealand and Tasmania. The British explorer Captain James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s as part of his first voyage of exploration.[2] The Tasman Sea is informally referred to in both Australian and New Zealand English as The Ditch; for example, crossing the Ditch means travelling to Australia from New Zealand, or vice versa. The diminutive term "The Ditch" used for the Tasman Sea is comparable to referring to the North Atlantic Ocean as "The Pond". ClimateThe south of the sea is passed over by depressions going from west to east. The northern limit of these westerly winds is near to 40°S. During the southern winter, from April to October, the northern branch of these winds from the west changes its direction toward the north and goes up against trade winds. Hence, the sea receives frequent winds from the southwest during this period. In the Australian summer (from November to March) the southern branch of the trade winds goes up against west winds and produces further wind activity in the area.{{Sfn|Rotschi|Lemasson|1967|p=54}} GeographyThe sea circumscribes a water body of {{convert|2250|km|abbr=off}} wide and {{convert|2300000|km|abbr=off}} in area.[2] The depth of the sea is {{convert|5493|m|abbr=off}}.[3] The base of the sea is made up of globigerina ooze. A small zone of pteropod ooze is found to the south of New Caledonia and to the southern extent of 30°S, siliceous ooze can be found.{{Sfn|Rotschi|Lemasson|1967|p=51}} ExtentThe International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Tasman Sea as follows:[4] {{quote|On the West. A line from Gabo Island (near Cape Howe, 37°30'S) to the Northeast point of East Sister Island (148°E) thence along the 148th meridian to Flinders Island; beyond this Island a line running to the Eastward of the Vansittart Shoals to [Cape] Barren Island, and from Cape Barren (the Easternmost point of [Cape] Barren Island) to Eddystone Point (41°S) in Tasmania, thence along the East coast to South East Cape, the Southern point of Tasmania.On the North. The parallel of 30°S from the Australian coast Eastward as far as a line joining the East extremities of Elizabeth Reef and South East Rock ({{Coord|31|47|S|159|18|E}}) then to the Southward along this line to the South East Rock [an outlier of Lord Howe Island]. On the Northeast. From the South East Rock to the North point of Three Kings Islands ({{Coord|34|10|S|172|10|E}}) thence to North Cape in New Zealand. On the East.
On the Southeast. A line running from South West Cape, Stewart Island, through The Snares (48°S, 166°30'E) to North West Cape, Auckland Island ({{Coord|50|30|S|166|10|E}}), through this island to its Southern point. On the South. A line joining the Southern point of Auckland Island ({{Coord|50|55|S|166|0|E}}) to South East Cape, the Southern point of Tasmania.}} RidgeThe Tasman Sea's mid-ocean ridge developed between 85 and 55 million years ago as Australia and Zealandia broke apart during the breakup of supercontinent Gondwana. It lies roughly midway between the continental margins of Australia and Zealandia. Much of Zealandia is submerged, so the ridge runs much closer to the Australian coast than New Zealand's.[5] IslandsThe Tasman Sea features a number of mid-sea island groups, quite apart from coastal islands located near the Australian and New Zealand mainlands:
Adjoining bodies of water
Animal and plant lifeA deep-sea research ship, the RV Tangaroa, explored the sea and found 500 species of fish and 1300 species of invertebrates. The tooth of a Megalodon, an extinct shark, was also found by researchers.[13] HistoryMoncrieff and Hood were the first to attempt a Trans-Tasman crossing by plane in 1928. The first successful flight over the sea was accomplished by Charles Kingsford Smith later that year. The first person to row solo across the sea was Colin Quincey in 1977. The next successful solo crossing was completed by his son, Shaun Quincey, in 2010.[14]See also{{Portal|Australia|New Zealand}}
References1. ^Rāwiri Taonui. Tapa whenua – naming places – Events, maps and European influences, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Ministry for Culture and Heritage. {{ISBN|978-0-478-18451-8}}. Updated 1 March 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2011 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tasman-Sea|title=Tasman Sea|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=3 January 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_10-11/11746.pdf|title=Depth of the sea|accessdate=23 April 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|page=36|accessdate=23 September 2016}} 5. ^{{cite journal|title=Extinct mid-ocean ridges in the Tasman sea and in the Western Pacific|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=6|issue=6|pages=483–490|doi=10.1016/0012-821X(69)90120-4|year=1969|last1=Van Der Linden|first1=Willem J.M}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Lord Howe Island, Tasman Sea, Australia|url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/oldroot/volcanoes/volc_images/australia/balls_pyramid/howe.html|website=volcano.oregonstate.edu|accessdate=23 April 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Ball's Pyramid|url=https://unusualplaces.org/balls-pyramid/|website=Unusual Places|accessdate=23 April 2018|date=5 September 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Norfolk Island, Tasman Sea Live Weather Report|url=https://www.tide-forecast.com/locations/Norfolk-Island-Tasman-Sea/metars/latest|website=www.tide-forecast.com|accessdate=23 April 2018|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sealaunay.com/diary/middleton-reef-tasman-sea-australia-33%C2%BA51%E2%80%9987%E2%80%B3s-151%C2%BA12%E2%80%9947%E2%80%B3e/|title=Middleton Reef |publisher=sealaunay |accessdate=23 April 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Department of the Environment and Energy|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/temperate-east/elizabeth-middleton-former|website=Department of the Environment and Energy|accessdate=23 April 2018|language=en}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last1=van der Linden|first1=Willem J. M.|title=Morphology of the Tasman sea floor|journal=Taylor & Francis Group|date=Jan 2012|volume=13|issue=1|pages=282–291|doi=10.1080/00288306.1970.10428218}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Mysterious ocean feature found in Tasman Sea|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2012/02/mysterious-ocean-feature-found-in-tasman-sea|website=Australian Geographic|accessdate=23 April 2018|language=en|date=2012-02-24}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/tasman-sea-produces-freaky-species-1.388818|publisher=CBC News|date=30 June 2003|title=Tasman Sea produces freaky species|accessdate=23 April 2018}} 14. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article7061393.ece |title=Kiwi becomes second person to row across the Tasman Sea |author=Anne Barrowclough |accessdate=22 May 2011 |date=14 March 2010 |newspaper=Times Online |publisher=Times Newspapers }} Book sources
External links
8 : Tasman Sea|Coastline of New Zealand|Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean|Australia–New Zealand border|Coastline of Australia|Bodies of water of Australia|Bodies of water of New Zealand|Seas of Oceania |
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