请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Taungoo
释义

  1. Names

  2. History

  3. Climate

  4. Administration

     Emergency  Military and Internal Security  Attractions  Investigative bodies 

  5. Demographics

  6. Transport

  7. Education

      High schools    Public universities    Nursing and midwifery schools    Divinity schools  

  8. Healthcare

  9. Major sites

     Pagodas 

  10. Hotels

  11. Notable residents

  12. Media

  13. Gallery

  14. References

  15. External links

{{Distinguish|Taungyo}}{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = City
|native_name = {{my|တောင်ငူမြို့}}
|official_name = Toungoo
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map = Burma
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Burma
|image_skyline = Taungoo, Myanmar (Burma) - panoramio (105).jpg
|image_map =
|map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{Flag|Myanmar}}
|subdivision_type1 = Division
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Bago Region}}
|subdivision_type2 = District
|subdivision_name2 = Taungoo District
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_total_km2 =
|population =
|population_as_of = 2014
|population_blank1 = Burman, Karen
|population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
|population_blank2 = Theravada Buddhism, Christianity
|population_blank2_title = Religions
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_footnotes = [1]
|population_urban = 108,569
|population_metro =
|established_date = 17 April 1279
|established_title = Founded
|government_type = District government and Township government
|coordinates = {{coord|18|56|N|96|26|E|region:MM|display=inline}}
|leader_title = Mayor
|elevation_ft =
|elevation_m =
|timezone = MST
|utc_offset = +6:30
|website =
}}

Taungoo ({{MYname|MY=တောင်ငူမြို့|MLCTS=taung ngu mrui.}}, {{IPA-my|tàʊɴŋù mjo̰|pron}} Tauñngu myoú; {{Lang-ksw|တီအူ}}; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry is in forestry products, with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains. The city is known for its areca palms, to the extent that a Burmese proverb for unexpected good fortune is equated to a "betel lover winning a trip to Taungoo".

The city is famous in Burmese history for the Toungoo dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries. Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510–1539 and 1551–1552.

Kaytumadi new city (new city of Taungoo) is the central command of the southern command division region of Armed Forces (Tatmadaw). Hanthawaddy United Football Club is based in Taungoo.

Names

The classical Pali name of Taungoo is Ketumadi (ကေတုမဒီ;{{Lang-pi|Ketumadi}}), which translates to "possessed of the royal standard."[1]

History

{{Main article|Taungoo Dynasty|First Toungoo Empire}}

Taungoo was founded in 1279 in the waning days of Pagan as part of frontier expansion southwards. After the fall of Pagan Empire in 1287, Taungoo came under the rule of Myinsaing Kingdom and later Pinya Kingdom. In 1358, Taungoo successfully revolted and became independent until 1367 when it became a nominal part of the Ava Kingdom. Its rulers retained a large degree of autonomy, playing larger Ava and Hanthawaddy kingdoms against each other. In 1470, Ava put down another rebellion and made Sithu Kyawhtin, the general who defeated the rebellion, governor. Sithu Kyawhtin's grandson Mingyi Nyo became governor of Taungoo in 1485. Under Mingyi Nyo's leadership, the principality grew powerful. In October 1510, Mingyi Nyo formally broke away from Ava and founded the Taungoo Kingdom.[2]

Mingyi Nyo's successors Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung went on to found the largest empire in the history of south-east Asia.[3] Taungoo's stint as capital was short-lived, however. Tabinshwehti moved the kingdom's capital to Pegu (Bago) in 1539. The city briefly again became capital of a rebellion in 1599 when viceroy Minye Thihathu II of Taungoo declared himself king. In December 1599, Taungoo's forces in collaboration with the Arakanese armies aided by Portuguese mercenaries, sacked Pegu. The rebellious city state remained independent for another 10 years when Natshinnaung ascended the Taungoo throne in 1609. In the following year, King Anaukpetlun captured Taungoo and ended the city's long line of rulers.[4] Although few visible historic remains survive, all four sides of the brick city wall remain from the dynastic period, with the exception of the part of the southern wall. The 9.6 m wide moat has largely dried up, except for a section on the eastern side, which is still maintained.

By the mid-19th century, Taungoo was governed by a local governor appointed by the Konbaung kings. The Taungoo District consisted of 52 wards, including today's Pyinmana (and Naypyidaw) regions. The district was cut in half after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The British annexed the southern half, including the city of Taungoo while the northern portion, including Pyinmana and Ela, remained under Burmese control.[5]

In 1940, the British Royal Air Force built an airfield north of the town, which from August 1941 through February 1942 served as a training and support base for the 1st American Volunteer Group, popularly known as the Flying Tigers.

Taungoo celebrated its 500th birthday on 16 October 2010, by reconstructing and renovating many city attractions.[2]

Climate

Taungoo has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Temperatures are hot throughout the year, and the months before the monsoon (March–May) are especially hot with average maximum temperatures exceeding {{convert|35|C}}. There is a winter dry season (November–March) and a summer wet season (April–October).

{{Weather box
| location = Taungoo (1981–2010, extremes 1942–1994)
| single line = Y
| metric first = Y
| Jan record high C = 35.6
| Feb record high C = 40.0
| Mar record high C = 42.8
| Apr record high C = 42.8
| May record high C = 42.2
| Jun record high C = 38.9
| Jul record high C = 37.2
| Aug record high C = 36.1
| Sep record high C = 37.2
| Oct record high C = 37.2
| Nov record high C = 35.0
| Dec record high C = 38.9
|year record high C = 42.8
| Jan high C = 30.9
| Feb high C = 33.9
| Mar high C = 36.6
| Apr high C = 37.9
| May high C = 35.1
| Jun high C = 31.1
| Jul high C = 30.2
| Aug high C = 30.1
| Sep high C = 31.6
| Oct high C = 32.7
| Nov high C = 31.5
| Dec high C = 30.2
| year high C = 32.7
| Jan low C = 15.0
| Feb low C = 16.5
| Mar low C = 20.4
| Apr low C = 24.3
| May low C = 24.6
| Jun low C = 23.9
| Jul low C = 23.7
| Aug low C = 23.8
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 23.3
| Nov low C = 20.4
| Dec low C = 16.5
| year low C = 21.4
| Jan record low C = 8.3
| Feb record low C = 8.3
| Mar record low C = 12.2
| Apr record low C = 16.1
| May record low C = 13.9
| Jun record low C = 18.3
| Jul record low C = 21.1
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 17.8
| Oct record low C = 17.8
| Nov record low C = 12.2
| Dec record low C = 9.4
|year record low C = 8.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 2.6
| Feb rain mm = 4.0
| Mar rain mm = 7.3
| Apr rain mm = 32.6
| May rain mm = 204.3
| Jun rain mm = 355.9
| Jul rain mm = 417.7
| Aug rain mm = 451.7
| Sep rain mm = 282.5
| Oct rain mm = 149.9
| Nov rain mm = 48.0
| Dec rain mm = 2.6
| year rain mm = 1959.1
| source 1 = Norwegian Meteorological Institute[6]
|source 2 = Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial (records)[7]
}}

Administration

  • Taungoo District (The district combined have a total of 6 townships. They are Taungoo, Phyu, Yedashe, Tantabin, Kyaukkyi, Oktwin)
  • Taungoo Township
  • Taungoo Ward – 23 Wards
  • Taungoo Municipal
  • District and Township Immigration Dept
  • Myanmar Timber Enterprise
  • Finance and Tax Dept
  • Civil Engineering Dept
  • District and Township Education Dept
  • Health Dept
  • District and Township Forestry Dept
  • MPPE
  • Taungoo Correctional Dept. Taungoo Prison
  • Taungoo Quarry Camp
  • Taungoo Post Office
  • Taungoo TeleCom station
  • Myanmar Television Sub-station
  • Myawady Television Sub-station
  • Union Solidarity and Development Association
  • Myanmar Maternal Children’s Welfare Association
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090602004222/http://www.mwaf.org.mm/index.asp Myanmar Women Affair Federation]
  • Division 5 Railways Office
  • Taungoo Township and District Courts
  • "Maha Myittar" Education Foundation

Emergency

  • No.1 Police Station Taungoo
  • No.2 Police Station Taungoo
  • No.3 Police Station Taungoo
  • Taungoo District Police Force
  • Taungoo Township Police Force
  • Division 5 Railways Police Force, Taungoo
  • Taungoo Motor Vehicle Police Station
  • Taungoo Fire Station Command (1 Support Vehicle)
  • Taungoo Township Fire Station No.1 (3 Engines)
  • Taungoo Township Fire Station No.2 (2 Engines)
  • Myanmar Red Cross Society, Taungoo – Ambulance
  • Electrical Department
  • Taungoo Weather Station
  • Bureau of Special Investigation

Military and Internal Security

  • Southern Command – Kaytumadi new city
  • Taungoo Air Force Base
  • No.47 Helicopters Squadron
  • Amoury Division – Oak Twin
  • Artillery Division – Oak Twin
  • Police Battalion, Taungoo – Training School
  • No.(3) Field Medical Battalion
  • Bureau of Special Investigation Training School
  • Taungoo Prison Department

Attractions

  • Shwe San Taw Pagoda (Build by King Min Gyi Nyo)
  • Kaung Hmu Taw Pagoda
  • Mya See Gone Pagoda
  • Myat Saw Nyi Naung Pagoda
  • Kaylazarti Pagoda (Build by King Bayintnaung)
  • Statue of King Bayintnaung
  • Statue of King Min Gyi Nyo
  • Statue of Bogyoke Aung San
  • Kantawgyi Garden
  • Royal Kaytumadi Hotel (Design by Old Taungoo)
  • Taungoo Kyone
  • Taungoo Gyi old city
  • Taungoo Nge old city
  • Dwaryarwadi old city
  • Danyawadi old city
  • Phoe Kyar Elephant garden
  • Pathi Cheek
  • Sittaung River
  • Naw Bu Paw Mountain (Kayin State, over sea level 4,824 ft)
  • Than Daung Kyi Mountain city

Investigative bodies

  • Military Intelligence No.3 (MI)
  • Special Intelligence (Special Branch) SB
  • Bureau of special investigations (BSI)
  • Special Police Force
  • Narcotic

Demographics

The population of Taungoo in the 2014 census was 108,569; in the 1983 census it was 65,851.[8]

The Bamar (Burmans) make up the majority with a significant Kayin (Karen) population on the eastern side of the city. The Chinese, Indians, Shan and Kayah people make up the rest.

The majority of residents are Theravada Buddhists, followed by Baptist and Roman Catholic Christians. Taungoo is home to a number of Karen Christian association headquarters and fifteen churches.

Transport

{{unreferenced section|date=June 2015}}

The main transport options to Taungoo is rail and motorways. The Taungoo railway station is on the main north line of Myanmar Railways, and the Taungoo Highway bus station is served by domestic bus lines.

Taungoo Airport is the area's only airport. It is a military-only airbase.

Intra-city transport is mainly through a circular railway line which serves around the Taungoo District and bus lines, which serve downtown, and suburban areas:

  • Gandawin Express Bus
  • Yoma Express Bus
  • Zay Yar Shwe Pyi Express Bus
  • Say Taman Express Bus
  • Sein Myittar Express Bus
  • Shwe Man Thu Express Bus
  • Taw Win Express Bus (Naypyitaw)
  • Tabin Shwehtee Express Bus
  • Mya Yadana Express Bus (Mandalay)
  • Shwe Lonn Pyan Express Bus (Taungyi)
  • Pyu Min Thar (Pyay)

There are two main road bridges: over the Sittaung River and the Kaphaung River.

Education

High schools

Taungoo has eleven high schools: see List of high schools in Taungoo.

Public universities

  • Taungoo University
  • Taungoo Educational College
  • Computer University, Taungoo
  • Technological University, Taungoo

Nursing and midwifery schools

  • Taungoo Nursing Training School
  • Taungoo Midwifery Training School

Divinity schools

  • Paku Divinity School
  • St. Peter's Bible School (Anglican)

Healthcare

  • Taungoo General Hospital
  • Taungoo Railways Hospital
  • Taungoo Traditional Hospital
  • Defence Services General Hospital
  • Thaw Thee Kho Hospital
  • Kaytu Hospital
  • Royal Hospital

Major sites

  • Thargaya Elephant Camp
  • Kandawggyi Garden
  • Kaytumaddy Garden
  • Kaphaung Creek Bridge
  • Sittaung Bridge
  • Electronic Library
  • Taungoo Gym
  • Taungoo Stadium
  • Kha Baung Hall
  • Taungoo Municipal Market
  • Taungoo Market
  • Bayinnaung Market
  • Kayinmazay Market
  • 3D cinema
  • Statue of Min Gyi Nyo
  • Statue of Ba Yint Naung
  • Statue of Bogoke Aung San
  • Mingalar 3D Cinema

Pagodas

  • Shwesandaw Pagoda
  • Myasigon Pagoda
  • Kaung Mhu Daw Pagoda
  • Myat-Saw Nyi Naung Pagoda
  • Ma Har Mu Ni Kay La Zar Ti Pagoda
  • Nann Taw Oo Pagoda
  • See Gone Gyi Pagoda (Old Taungoo)
  • Mya Lane Da Pagoda (Old Taungoo)

Hotels

  • Royal Kaytumadi Hotel
  • Pan Swe Taw Hotel
  • Amazing Kaytu Hotel
  • Ngwe Saung Hotel
  • Pathi Hotel
  • Globel Grace Hotel
  • Myanmar Beauty Hotel 1
  • Myanmar Beauty Hotel 2
  • Pyi Taw Win Hotel
  • Mother House Hotel
  • Yoma Hotel
  • Golden Guest Hotel
  • Shan Min Thar Hotel
  • Naung Yoe Hotel
  • Taungoo Inn

Notable residents

  • Dr. Saw Durmay (Po Min) ({{floruit|1928}}), president of Loyal Karen Association of Burma-India, owner of white elephant and descendant of Karen chief priest[9][10]
  • Ringo aka Maung Maung Lwin, singer, composer, and guitarist[11]
  • Naw Li Zar, singer and composer[12]
  • Saw Say Wah, chairman of Eastern Bago Division Anti-Drug Association and retired chief of police (deputy-director)[13]
  • Soe Pyae Thazin, actress
  • Kyar Pouk, Singer
  • Sin Pouk, Singer
  • Yin Go, Singer

Media

  • MTV or MTV1 – broadcasts in Burmese language.
  • MTV2 – broadcast in Burmese language and some local languages
  • MTV4 – 24-hour sport channel. (pay TV)
  • MTV3 – broadcasts in Thai, Khmer, Vietnamese and English. (pay TV)
  • MRTV – broadcasts in Burmese, Arakanese, Shan, Karen, Kachin, Kayah, Chin, Mon and English
  • MWD 1,2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20120907155544/http://www.myawady.com.mm/]
  • MRTV3 [https://web.archive.org/web/20081024215626/http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/]
  • The Mirror (Burmese: ကြေးမုံ)(Burmese: ေၾကးမံု-Kyehmonn) – state-run daily (newspaper)
  • The Voice (newspaper)
  • Eleven (newspaper)
  • 7Days (newspaper)
  • The New Light of Myanmar (Burmese: Myanma A-lin) – English and Burmese language (newspaper)
  • The Myanmar Times (Burmese: Myanma Taing) – private-run English-language weekly (newspaper)
  • Myanmar Radio National Service (Radio)
  • VOA (Radio)
  • BBC (Radio)
  • Myanmar Teleport (ISP)
  • Information Technology Central Services (ITCS)-(ISP)
  • Myanmar Post and Telecommunication (MPT)- (ISP)
  • Telenor – Norwegian mobile operator
  • Mandalay FM
  • Shwe FM
  • Channel 7 – Digital broadcasting free-to-air channel
  • MRTV 4 – Digital and analogue free-to-air channel

Gallery

{{gallery
|width = 170
|lines = 2
|File: Taungoo Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church.jpg|Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Cathedral
|File:Taungoo Burmese Church.jpg|Taungoo Burmese Baptist Church
|File:Taungoo Trinity Church.jpg|Trinity Baptist Church
|File:Paku Church.jpg|Paku Town Baptist Church
|File: No.5 State High School, Taungoo.jpg|No.5 State High School, Taungoo
|File:BEHS 4 Toungoo.jpg|No.4 State High School, Taungoo
}}

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=|title=The Baptist Missionary Magazine|last=|first=|date=1856|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=|language=en}}
2. ^1 {{Cite journal|url=http://www.mmtimes.com/2010/news/534/news015.html |title=Taungoo prepares for 500th birthday |author=Shwe Yinnma Oo |work=The Myanmar Times |date=2010-08-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804053338/http://www.mmtimes.com/2010/news/534/news015.html |archivedate=4 August 2010 }}
3. ^{{Cite book| author=Victor B Lieberman | title= Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800-1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland | year=2003 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | pages=150–154}}
4. ^{{Cite book| title=A History of Burma | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=New York and London | year=1967 | author=Maung Htin Aung | page=140 | authorlink=Htin Aung}}
5. ^{{Cite book| title=Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2 | volume=3 | page=374 | year=1901 | author=Sir James George Scott, John Percy Hardiman | publisher=Printed by the superintendent, Government printing, Burma}}
6. ^{{cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008145507/http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | archivedate = 8 October 2018 | url = http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | title = Myanmar Climate Report | publisher = Norwegian Meteorological Institute | pages =23-36 | accessdate = 30 November 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/pdf/my-toung.pdf| title = Toungoo (Myanmar)| publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas| accessdate = 13 December 2018}}
8. ^1 {{Cite web| url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Myanmar-Cities.html | title=Myanmar | website=City Population | accessdate=10 May 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elephant.se/location2.php?location_id%3D1677%26show%3D1 |accessdate=6 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601062357/http://www.elephant.se/location2.php?location_id=1677&show=1 |archivedate=1 June 2013 }}
10. ^{{cite book|last1=San C. Po|first1=Dr.|title=Burma and the Karens|date=1928|publisher=Elliott Stock|location=London|url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks08/0800051h.html|chapter=VII Karen Celebrities}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.myanmarmp3.net/artist.aspx?ArtID%3D107 |accessdate=6 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125072352/http://myanmarmp3.net/artist.aspx?ArtID=107 |archivedate=25 November 2011 }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.myanmarmp3.net/artist.aspx?ArtID%3D357 |accessdate=6 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125114814/http://myanmarmp3.net/artist.aspx?ArtID=357 |archivedate=25 November 2010 }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mizzima.com/political-pro/new-parties/kpp.html |accessdate=12 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306003732/http://www.mizzima.com/political-pro/new-parties/kpp.html |archivedate=6 March 2013 }}

External links

{{Commons category|Taungoo}}
  • {{cite book|last1=San C. Po|first1=Dr.|title=Burma and the Karens|date=1928|publisher=Elliott Stock|location=London|url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks08/0800051h.html}}
{{s-start}}{{s-hou|}}{{s-bef|before=Ava}}{{s-ttl|title=Capital of Burma|years=16 October 1510 – January 1539}}{{s-aft|after=Bago}}{{s-bef|before=Bago}}{{s-ttl|title=Capital of Burma|years=11 January 1551 – 12 March 1552}}{{s-aft|after=Bago}}{{s-end}}{{Coord|18|56|N|96|26|E|display=title|region:MM_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}{{Bago Region}}{{Administrative divisions of Burma (Myanmar)}}{{Most populous cities in Myanmar}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}

4 : Populated places in Bago Region|Populated places established in 1510|Township capitals of Myanmar|1510 establishments in Asia
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/21 13:49:57