| 词条 | Runcaria |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Givetian}} | image_alt= | image = Runcaria megasporangium and cupule drawing.jpg | image_caption = Runcaria appears to be a transitional fossil precursor of seed plants | image_upright = 0.5 | genus = Runcaria | species = heinzelinii | parent_authority = Stockmans | authority = Stockmans | range_map = | range_map_caption = | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = }} Runcaria heinzelinii is an extinct species of plant from the Middle Devonian of Belgium. It is the only species classified under the genus Runcaria.[1] It was a precursor to seed plants, predating the earliest of the latter by about 20 million years. The fossil pieces of Runcaria heinzelinii that have been found are short branched stems that at their tips have a radially symmetrical megasporangium surrounded by a cupule.[1] The megasporangium has a multilobed integument, and there is an extension on the megasporangium that suggests an adaptation to wind pollination. Thus, this fossil plant has all of the qualities of seed plants except for a solid seed coat and a system to guide the pollen to the ovulum.[2] It sheds new light on how the seed may have evolved. References1. ^1 {{cite book |year=2005 |author1=Philippe Gerrienne |author2=Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud |author3=Muriel Fairon-Demartet |editor1=P. Steemans |editor2=E. Javaux |work=Pre-Cambrian to Palaeozoic Palaeopalynology and Palaeobotany |title=The significance of Runcaria (Middle Devonian, Belgium) in the evolution of seed plants |publisher =Carnets de Géologie |issue=CG2005_M02/03 |pages=15–19 |url=http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2005_M02/CG2005_M02_Abstract03.html}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q7379686}}2. ^{{Cite journal | journal=Science Magazine | author=P. Gerrienne, B. Meyer-Berthaud, M. Fairon-Demaret, M. Streel and P. Steemans | title=Runcaria, a Middle Devonian Seed Plant Precursor | year=2004 | volume=306 | issue=5697 | pages=856–858 | url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/306/5697/856.abstract | accessdate=March 22, 2011}} 3 : Middle Devonian plants|Transitional fossils|Monotypic plant genera |
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