| 词条 | Tavolara Island |
| 释义 |
Tavolara is a small island off the northeast coast of Sardinia, Italy. The island is a limestone massif {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=off}} long and {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=off}} wide, with steep cliffs except at its ends. Its highest point, Monte Cannone, is {{convert|565|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} above sea level. A cove and beach can be found at each end of the island, Spalmatore di Fuori at the northeast, and Spalmatore di Terra at the southwest. Currently, the island is inhabited by only a handful of families, and has a small cemetery and summer restaurant. The water around the island is a popular spot for scuba diving. The nearest sizable town is Olbia, and the small fishing village of Porto San Paolo is directly across a small strait. The islands of Molara and Molarotto are nearby. Most of the population of the island was displaced in 1962 when a NATO radiogoniometric station was constructed on the eastern half of the island. The aerials from the station can be seen from quite a distance, and that entire half of the island is restricted to military personnel. Tavolara is also home of the VLF-transmitter ICV, which works on 20.27 kHz and 20.76 kHz and which is used for transmitting messages to submarines. It can also be received (but not decoded) by PCs with a coil antenna at the soundcard entrance and FFT-analysis software. The island and the surrounding waters are part of the Tavolara and Punta Coda Cavallo Marine Preserve created in 1997. The environmental protections placed on the park have added restrictions to the use of the area for tourism. A natural column of rock on the island's coast resembles a human figure and is known as "the Stone Sentry" or "Pope's Rock."[1] Other stone formations include "Ulysses' Bow" (a natural arch) and the "Grotta del Papa" (a cave accessible by sea and boasting Neolithic cave paintings). Flora and faunaA rare species of thorny knapweed, Centaurea horrida, is endemic only to Tavolara and a few other fringe areas of northern Sardinia. In his Natural History of Sardinia (1774), Francesco Cetti reported huge rats inhabiting Tavolara, but these were likely Sardinian pikas, an endemic species of lagomorph that had already been driven to extinction in Sardinia proper by then.[2] In the 18th century, Sardinian lore claimed the wild goats of Tavolara had gold teeth.[3] The goat herds were moved to Sardinia when the NATO station was built and there are no longer any goats on the island. The critically endangered monk seal had a breeding colony here until the 1960s. Once the home of a thriving lobster industry, Tavolara now attracts divers who come to view the coral, sponges, sea anemones, bottlenose dolphins, and even a few specimens of Pinna nobilis, the rare giant clam whose byssus fibers were formerly used in the manufacture of sea silk for royal garments. HistoryThe island was known in ancient times as Hermea. According to tradition, Pope St. Pontian died on Tavolara following his abdication and exile in 235. It is probably the island previously called Tolar, which was used by some Arab ships in 848–849 as a base to attack nearby coasts.[4] Joachim Murat visited Tavolara in 1815 during his attempt to regain the Kingdom of Naples. At that time the island was uninhabited.[5]In the 19th and 20th centuries, a tiny kingdom was set up on the island by the Bertoleoni family as the Kingdom of Tavolara, sanctioned by Charles Albert, King of Sardinia. After Italian unification, King Paolo actively sought recognition from Italy. During his reign, in 1868 the Italian government began operating a lighthouse on the northeast end of the island.[6] After Paolo's death in 1886,[7] he was succeeded by his son, Carlo I. In 1900. Carlo was succeeded upon his death in 1928 by his son King Paolo II.[8] Paolo went abroad, however, and left Carlo's sister Mariangela as regent in his absence. Mariangela died in 1934, leaving the kingdom to Italy.[9] Her nephew Paolo II still claimed the kingdom, however, until his death in 1962. That year marked the installation of the NATO station. The present claimant is an Italian citizen named Tonino Bertoleoni, who runs "Da Tonino," a restaurant on the island. Politically, the interests of the island are represented in its external dealings by Prince Ernesto Geremia di Tavolara, of La Spezia, Italy, who has written a history of the island.[10] The tomb of Paolo I is in the graveyard on the island, surmounted by a crown.[11] VLF- AntennaThe VLF-antenna of Tavolara VLF transmitter is spun between a 133 metres tall mast at {{coord|40|55|23|N|9|43|51.51|E|type:landmark}} on Spalmatore di Furi and 4 masts, which are situated on mountains southwards. They are situated at {{coord|40|54|52.45|N|9|44|9.03|E|type:landmark}}, at {{coord|40|54|51.42|N|9|44|8.21|E|type:landmark}}, at {{coord|40|54|51.09|N|9|43|30.38|E|type:landmark}} and at {{coord|40|54|51.09|N|9|43|28.91|E|type:landmark}} The both masts on the eastern mountain are {{convert|114|m|ft|abbr=off}} tall, the two others are smaller. In popular culture
See also
References1. ^"Ripley's Believe It or Not," April 25, 1972 2. ^Kurtén, Björn (1968) Pleistocene Mammals of Europe. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 3. ^McGrigor, Charles Rhoderick (1866), Garibaldi at Home: Notes of a Visit to Caprera, pp 49-51 4. ^Ferrero della Marmora, Alberto (1860), Itinéraire de l'ile de Sardaigne pour faire suite au Voyage en cette contrée, pp 190-193 5. ^{{cite journal |year=1826 |title=Review: Mémoires sur les événements qui ont précédé la mort de Joachim I., roi des deux Siciles |journal=The Monthly Review |volume=2 |issue= |page=512 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5JYCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA512 |accessdate=2011-03-30 }} 6. ^"Notice to Mariners," London Gazette, Aug 28, 1868, p 4734 7. ^"E morto il Re!" La Sardegna, June 8, 1886, p 1 8. ^"Tavolara's King Dies; Ruled Tiniest Realm; Charles Bartoleoni Was Monarch of Small Island Off Sardinia's Coast," New York Times, Feb 1, 1928, p 27 9. ^"Italy Gets Queen's Island of Tavolara," Hartford Courant, July 9, 1934, p 15 10. ^Geremia, Ernesto Carlo, and Gino Ragnetti (2005), Tavolara - l'Isola dei Re, {{ISBN|88-425-3441-2}} 11. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20160304-the-worlds-smallest-kingdom | title=The world's smallest kingdom}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=Has Clever Dances |work=Boston Daily Globe |page=13 |date=March 23, 1902 }} 13. ^{{cite book |title=The Lovers |last=West |first=Morris |authorlink=Morris West |year=1993 |publisher=Donald I. Fine |location=New York |isbn=978-0-312-95346-1 |pages=237–239 |quote='What about that big island, Tavolara?' 'A secret military zone. Access is prohibited. There's a tiny harbor from which tunnels go into the center of the mountain. You'll be fired on without warning if you stick your nose a meter inside it.' ... Massive it was, and curiously sinister. }}
External links{{Commons category|Tavolara}}
1 : Islands of Sardinia |
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