| 词条 | Tavush Province | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Tavush | native_name = Տավուշ | native_name_lang = hy | settlement_type = Province | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_map = File:Tavush in Armenia (de-facto hatched).svg | map_alt = Location of Tavush within Armenia | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|40|53|N|45|8|E|region:AM_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Armenia | established_date = | seat_type = Capital {{nobold|and largest city}} | seat = Ijevan | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Hayk Chobanyan | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2,704 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = Negligible | area_rank = 4th | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 128,609[1] | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 10th | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = UTC+04 | timezone1_DST = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 3901–4216 | iso_code = AM.TV | blank_name = FIPS 10-4 | blank_info = AM09 | blank_name_sec2 = HDI (2017) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.732[2] {{color|#0c0|high}} · 7th | website = Official website | footnotes = }} Tavush ({{lang-hy|Տավուշ}}, {{IPA-hy|tɑˈvuʃ|-|Hye-Tavush.ogg}}), is a province of Armenia. It is located at the northeast of Armenia and bordered by Georgia from the north and Azerbaijan from the east. It is domestically bordered by the Gegharkunik Province from the south, Kotayk Province from the southwest and Lori Province from west. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ijevan. Etymology{{Armenia sidebar}}The name of the province is derived form Tavush; a variant of the original name of Tuchkatak canton of the historic Utik province of Ancient Armenia. It first appeared during the 9th century as the name of the 9th-century Bagratid fortress near modern-day Berd. After the invasion of Turkic tribes during the 11th century, the name of Tavush was Turkified as Tovuz. GeographyTavush has an area of 2,704 km² (9% of total area of Armenia). It occupies the northeastern part of the Republic of Armenia. It is bordered by Georgia from the north and Azerbaijan from the east. Domestically, it is bordered by the Gegharkunik Province from the south, Kotayk Province from the southwest and Lori Province from west. The territory is mainly mountainous and rocky hillsides covered with a green carpet of Alpine meadows. Tavush is sometimes referred to as a little Armenian Switzerland. The average height of the region is around 900 meters above sea level. Based on the historical divisions of Ancient Armenia, the current territory of the province occupies parts of the Varazhnunik canton of Ayrarat province, the Dzorapor and Koghbapor cantons of Gugark province, and the Aghve and Tuchkatak (Tavush) cantons of Utik province. The province entirely lies among the mountains of the Lesser Caucasus. It is surrounded by the Miapor mountains from the east, the Somkheti mountains from the north, the Gugark mountains from the east and the Kenats mountains from the south. The highets point of Tavush is the Miapor peak with a height of 2993 meteres, while the lowest point is located at a height of 380 meters in the Debed river valley near the village of Debedavan. The province is a major source of water in Armenia. The main source is Aghstev river with its tributaries Getik, Voskepar and Sarnajur. Minor rivers include Akhum, Tavush and Khndzorut. Tavush is also rich for its mountain springs, mineral water and small lakes such as the Lake Parz and Lake Gosh. Most of the Tavush territory is covered with thick forests, mainly around the towns of Dilijan, Ijevan and Berd. The province has a number of protected forests including the Dilijan National Park, Akhnabad Taxus Grove Sanctuary, Arjatkhelni Hazel Sanctuary, Gandzakar Sanctuary, Ijevan Sanctuary and Zikatar Sanctuary. History{{refimprove section|date=February 2018}}The territories of present-day Lori and Tavush along with the neighboring Georgia, became part of the Russian Empire in 1800-01. The territories became an official region of Russia as per the Treaty of Gulistan signed between Imperial Russia and Qajar Persia in October 1813, following the Russo-Persian War of 1804–13.[3] In 1840, the Yelizavetpolsky Uyezd was formed and most of the territories of Tavush became part of the newly founded administrative division of the Russian Empire. Later in 1868, the Elisabethpol Governorate was established and Tavush became part of the newly formed Kazakhsky Uyezd of the governorate. From 1930 until 1995, modern-day Tavush was divided into 3 raions within the Armenian SSR: Ijevan raion, Noyemberyan raion, and Shamshadin raion. With the territorial administration reform of 1995, the 3 raions were merged to form the Tavush Province. DemographicsPopulationTavush is the second least populated province in Armenia. According to the 2011 official census, Tavush has a population of 128,609 (62,083 men and 66,526 women), forming around 4.3% of the entire population of Armenia. The urban population is 54,186 (42.1%) and the rural is 74,423 (57.9%). The province has 5 urban and 55 rural communities. The largest urban community is the provincial center of Ijevan, with a population of 21,081. The other urban centres Dilijan, Berd, Noyemberyan and Ayrum. With a population of 4,420, the village of Koghb is the largest rural municipality of Tavush. Ethnic groups and religionThe majority of the Tavush Province population are ethnic Armenians who belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. The regulating body of the church is the Diocese of Tavush, headed by Bishop Bagrat Galstanyan. The Surp Nerses Cathedral in Ijevan is the seat of the diocese. The town of Berd is home to around 200 Udis who also belong to the Armenian Church. A tiny community of Yazidis is found in Dilijan. Administrative divisionsAs a result of the administrative reforms took place on 15 December 2015, 17 June 2016, 16 July 2016 and 9 June 2017, Tavush is currently divided into 24 municipal communities (hamaynkner), of which 5 are urban, and 19 are rural:[4][5][6][7]
During the recent years, many rural settlements in Tavush became abandoned, including the village of Chermakavan, Chirchiri, Geghatap, Gomer, Shamakhyan and Tarsachay. CultureFortresses and archaeological sites
Churches and monasteries
MediaTavush has 3 regional TV stations:
Transportation{{Empty section|date=February 2018}}EconomyAgricultureTavush has a poor agricultural index with only 4.8% of share in the total annual agricultural product of Armenia. Around 41% (1,108 km²) of the total area of the province are arable lands, out of which 23% (256 km²) are ploughed. The population in many rural communities are mainly involved in farming, cattle-breeding and pig farming. The main crops are grains and grapes.[32] Recently, bee-keeping farms were also opened in many communities. IndustryTavush has the poorest industrial index among the Armenian provinces with a share of 0.8% in the annual total industrial product of Armenia. The existing industry is mainly dominated by food-processing and the production of alcoholic drinks.
TourismTourism and related services are still developing in Tavush. The cultural heritage and the natural monuments of the region attract a large number of tourists. The town of Dilijan is major touristic destination for locals and foreigners. It is also considered a financial centre as much of the Central Bank's operations was moved to Dilijan in 2013. The town is also famous with its sanatoriums and mineral water. Other touristic destinations include the villages of Achajur, Gosh, Teghut and Yenokavan. Many forests of the province are listed among the protected areas of Armenia, including the Dilijan National Park, the Akhnabad Taxus Grove Sanctuary, the Arjatkhelni Hazel Sanctuary, the Gandzakar Sanctuary, the Ijevan Sanctuary and the Zikatar Sanctuary. Lake Gosh, Lake Parz as well as the Ijevan Dendropark are major destinations for ecotourism lovers. EducationTavush has recently become a significant educational centre within the Republic of Armenia. In 2014, the United World College Dilijan, a part of the global educational movement United World Colleges, was opened in the Dilijan.[36] Between 2013 and 2015, the construction of the Dilijan Central School -a branch of the Ayb Educational Foundation- was completed in Dilijan.[37] In fall 2015, the newly built state-of-the-art school was officially opened. Since 1994, branches of the Yerevan State University operate in Ijevan. As of the 2015-16 educational year, Tavush has 81 schools.[38] SportFootball is popular in Tavush. The province was represented in the Armenian Premier League by Impulse FC of Dilijan and FC Bentonit Ijevan. However both clubs were forced to dissolve due to financial difficulties. Dilijan City Stadium and Arnar Stadium are the 2 largest sport venues of the province. Minor stadiums are also found in Noyemberyan and the village of Achajur. Arnar Stadium hosted the Armenian Independence Cup final match in 2008 where Ararat Yerevan won the title defeating Banants.[39] Ijevan is the venue of the annual MultiForce off-road racing international competition, that attracts participants from Armenia and the neighboring countries. GallerySee also
References1. ^Tavush population, 2011 census 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}} 3. ^{{ru icon}}Акты собранные Кавказской Археографической Коммиссиею. Том 1. Тифлис, 1866. С. 436-437. Грузия разделяется на 5 уездов, из коих 3 в Карталинии: Горийский, Лорийский и Душетский, и 2 в Кахетии: Телавский и Сигнахский. 4. ^{{cite web|title=RA Tavush Marz|work=Marzes of the Republic of Armenia in Figures, 2002–2006|publisher=National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia|url=http://www.armstat.am/file/article/marz_07_e_33.pdf|year=2007}} 5. ^Community mergers in Armenia 6. ^Հայաստանի 328 համայնքների միավորմամբ կձևավորվի 34 համայնք. ԱԺ-ն քննարկում է ծրագիրը 7. ^About the municipal communities of Tavush 8. ^Ayrum community 9. ^Berd community 10. ^Dilijan community 11. ^Ijevan 12. ^Noyemberyan community 13. ^Achajur 14. ^Acharkut 15. ^Aknaghbyur 16. ^Aygehovit community 17. ^Azatamut 18. ^Berkaber 19. ^Ditavan 20. ^Gandzakar 21. ^Getahovit 22. ^Khashtarak 23. ^Kirants 24. ^Koghb community 25. ^Lusadzor 26. ^Lusahovit 27. ^Nerkin Tsaghkavan 28. ^Sarigyugh 29. ^Sevakar 30. ^Vazashen 31. ^Yenokavan 32. ^Armstat: Tavush 33. ^New IT company opens in Armenian Ijevan 34. ^Aramara fine woodworking 35. ^Ayrum Fruits 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://dilijanschool.org/about/|title=UWCD - Home|work=dilijanschool.org}} 37. ^Dilijan Central School 38. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20110820065945/http://www.ktak.am/schoolslist/11_Pet_Tavush.pdf Tavush Province schools] 39. ^Armtown:Aravot 11 November 2009 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608120659/http://www.armtown.com/news/am/arv/20091111/72243/ |date=8 June 2011 }} External links{{commons category|Tavush Province}}
2 : Provinces of Armenia|Tavush Province |
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