| 词条 | Ruzagayura famine |
| 释义 |
| famine_name = Ruzagayura famine | famine_name_in_local = Ruzagayura | image_1 = | image_title_1 = | image_width_1 = | image_2 = | image_title_2 = | image_width_2 = | country = Ruanda-Urundi {{small|(modern-day Rwanda and Burundi)}} | location = Kingdom of Rwanda | coordinates = | period = 1943–1944 | excess_mortality= | from_disease = | total_deaths = 36,000–50,000 | death_rate = | observations = | theory = | relief = | food_situation = | demographics = | consequences = Mass emigration to surrounding countries; political destabilisation | memorial = | preceded = | succeeded = | footnotes = }}{{History of Burundi|expanded=kingdom}} The Ruzagayura famine was a major famine which occurred in the Belgian mandate of Ruanda-Urundi (modern-day Rwanda and Burundi) during World War II. It led to a large number of deaths and a huge population migration out of the territory and into the neighboring Belgian Congo and surrounding areas. The famine is considered to have begun in October 1943 and ended in December 1944.[1] The principal cause of the famine was several prolonged periods of drought in the region in early 1943. However, the problem was exacerbated by attempts of the colonial authorities to send agricultural produce to the Belgian Congo, as part of the Allied war effort, in World War II.[1] The colonial administration, together with Christian missionaries, began to transport food to a supply point in Usumbura.[1] The Rwandan king, Mutara III Rudahigwa, sent aid to the affected region.[1] By the time the famine ended in December 1944, between 36,000[2] and 50,000[3] people (between one-fifth and one-third of the total regional population) died of hunger in the territory. Several hundred thousand people emigrated away from Ruanda-Urundi, most to the Belgian Congo but also to British Uganda. The migration also served to create further political instability in the areas affected by the mass influx of Rwandans.[4] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last=Singiza|first=Dantès|title=Ruzagayura, une famine au Rwanda au cœur du Second Conflit mondial|journal=l’Institut d’histoire ouvrière, économique et sociale |date=7 September 2012|url=http://www.ihoes.be/PDF/Analyse97DSingiza.pdf|format=PDF}} 2. ^Belgian 1946 estimate, cited in {{cite book|last=Singiza|first=Dantès|title=La Famine Ruzagayura (Rwanda, 1943-1944): causes, Conséquences et réactions des autorités|year=2011|publisher=Royal Museum of Central Africa|location=Teveuren|url=http://www.africamuseum.be/museum/research/publications/rmca/online/famineruzagayura_singa.pdf|format=PDF|pages=92–3}} 3. ^United Nations 1948 estimate, cited in {{cite book|last=Singiza|first=Dantès|title=La Famine Ruzagayura (Rwanda, 1943-1944): causes, Conséquences et réactions des autorités|year=2011|publisher=Royal Museum of Central Africa|location=Teveuren|url=http://www.africamuseum.be/museum/research/publications/rmca/online/famineruzagayura_singa.pdf|format=PDF|page=94}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/13662/sample/9780521813662ws.pdf|format=PDF|title=Re-imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Twentieth Century|accessdate=2006-06-05|date=2002-03-01|publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies, University of England (Cambridge University Press)}} Bibliography
7 : Ruanda-Urundi in World War II|History of Rwanda|History of Burundi|Famines in Africa|1943 in Africa|1944 in Africa|1940s in Ruanda-Urundi |
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