| 词条 | Taza |
| 释义 |
|name = Taza |native_name = تازة ⵜⴰⵣⴰ |other_name = |settlement_type = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Taza - Maroc.jpg | photo2a = Photo-Taza.jpg | photo2b = Taza town.jpg | photo3a = Rass El Ma.jpg | size = 275 | spacing = 2 | color = transparent | border = 0 }} |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Morocco |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates = {{coord|34|13|N|4|1|W|region:MA|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Morocco}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Fès-Meknès |subdivision_type2 = Province |subdivision_name2 = Taza |established_title = |established_date = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = [1] |elevation_m = 510 |elevation_ft = |population_total = 148456 |population_as_of = 2014 |population_rank = 21st in Morocco |population_footnotes = [2] |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_note = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = | |timezone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |blank_name = |blank_info = | TAZA = }} Taza (Berber: ⵜⴰⵣⴰ, Taza, in Arabic: تازة) is a city in northern Morocco, which occupies the corridor between the Rif mountains and Middle Atlas mountains, about 120 km east of Fez and 210 km west of Oujda. It recorded a population of 148,456 in the 2014 Moroccan census[2] and is the capital of Taza Province. HistoryHistorically Taza was known first as ' Ribāt Taza رباط تازة ' , a military camp belongs to the Fatimid state , was founded by the local governor Mussa ibn aby Alaâfiya موسى بن أبي العافية who was the leader of Miknassa tribe [3] too. Up to at least the early 20th century, Taza was considerable trading centre on the route between Fez and the Algerian frontier.[4] GeographyTaza is located in north-central Morocco, in the south of the Rif region right outside the mountain range on a narrow plain. The city is composed of two formerly separate towns built on separate terraces overlooking a mountain valley. The old-Taza town is at an elevation of 1,919 feet (585 m) above sea level and is surrounded by fortifications; the newer town, established by the French in 1920, is located in a fertile plain at an elevation of 1,460 feet (445 m). Fossil remains indicate that caves in the area were inhabited as early as the Paleolithic Period. One of the most important caves in Morocco, Rhar Chara, is close to Taza. This cave is over 7.6 kilometres long.[5] The city is located in a mountain pass known as the "Taza Gap", where the Rif mountains and the Middle-Atlas range come together. Through this pass successive waves of invaders moved westward onto the Atlantic coastal plains of northwestern Africa. Taza was first settled by Miknasa tribesmen, who gave it its name: Miknasa Taza, similar to Miknasa al-Zeitoun (present-day Meknes, another Miknasa settlement). The Almoravid empire took over Taza in 1074. They were replaced by the Almohad empire in 1132. In 1248 the city was captured by the Marinids. Although Taza barred the route of Turks from Algiers seeking conquest in what is now Morocco,[6] it fell to the French in 1914. The old town has barbican monuments, mosques, and a 14th-century mderasa (Coranic school). Population in 1982 stood at 77,216. Population now estimated about 300,000. ClimateKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa).[7] Located along the Atlas Mountains, Taza has a seasonal climate, shifting from cool in winter to hot days in the summer months. Rainfall can reach up to 900 mm per year. {{Infobox Weather|location=Taza, Morocco (1961-1990) |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan high C = 14.4 |Feb high C = 16.0 |Mar high C = 18.1 |Apr high C = 19.9 |May high C = 24.3 |Jun high C = 29.4 |Jul high C = 34.9 |Aug high C = 34.7 |Sep high C = 30.6 |Oct high C = 24.2 |Nov high C = 18.5 |Dec high C = 14.7 |year high C = 23.3 |Jan mean C = 9.9 |Feb mean C = 11.3 |Mar mean C = 13.0 |Apr mean C = 14.7 |May mean C = 18.4 |Jun mean C = 22.7 |Jul mean C = 27.2 |Aug mean C = 27.3 |Sep mean C = 24.1 |Oct mean C = 18.8 |Nov mean C = 13.8 |Dec mean C = 10.4 |year mean C = 17.6 |Jan low C = 5.4 |Feb low C = 6.6 |Mar low C = 7.9 |Apr low C = 9.6 |May low C = 12.4 |Jun low C = 16.1 |Jul low C = 19.6 |Aug low C = 19.9 |Sep low C = 17.5 |Oct low C = 13.4 |Nov low C = 9.1 |Dec low C = 6.1 |year low C = 12.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 109.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 137.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 90.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 94.2 |May precipitation mm = 53.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 18.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 8.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 2.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 14.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 48.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 105.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 118.7 |year precipitation mm = 800.7 |Jan rain days = 11.9 |Feb rain days = 13.0 |Mar rain days = 10.7 |Apr rain days = 11.5 |May rain days = 9.0 |Jun rain days = 4.3 |Jul rain days = 1.8 |Aug rain days = 1.6 |Sep rain days = 4.2 |Oct rain days = 8.0 |Nov rain days = 11.3 |Dec rain days = 12.1 |year rain days = 99.4 |Jan sun = 192.0 |Feb sun = 186.3 |Mar sun = 230.2 |Apr sun = 244.1 |May sun = 292.2 |Jun sun = 307.7 |Jul sun = 346.9 |Aug sun = 318.6 |Sep sun = 270.6 |Oct sun = 233.7 |Nov sun = 188.3 |Dec sun = 185.0 |year sun = 2995.6 |source 1 = NOAA[8] |source 2 = Climate-Data.org[7] }} SightsThe old town's main thoroughfare is enlivened by the Grain Market and the Souks where wickerwork, tapestries, jewelry, ... The road terminates at a square doubling as a parade ground which sports the Al-Andalous Mosque. The Mosque's minaret, constructed in the 14th century, is wider at the top than at its base. Bab el-Qebbour Street crosses the Kissaria (covered marketplace), then leads on to the Market Mosque where it meets up with Bab Jamaa gate, the main point of entry of Taza. Somewhat further south, across from Bab el-Rih, the Wind Gate, a bastion dating from the 16th century closes the ring around the kasbah. Taza's city walls, raised in the 12th century and frequently enlarged on later occasions were equipped with a Borj or fortified tower 26 metres (85 ft) wide at the base by the Saadi Ahmed el-Mansour in the 16th century. The gate with iron grate and the casemates with terraced roofs are clearly influenced by European military architecture of the time. TopologyThe topology of the area has imposed a pattern of urban spread. Viewed from above, the city takes the form of a "T". It has its root in Taza high and stretches north to reach the bed of the Oued Larbaâ. Since the urban stretches east and west along the N6 between Fez and Oujda. At the dawn of independence, the city consisted of the Medina High Taza, the European district occupying almost hill called "No Adrar Illouz. People usually pronounce Draâ louz. This area became the center of town, and finally the station area a few kilometers below. During the following years (60s, 70s) districts have emerged, midway between downtown and the train station (Bit Goulem, Ourida, Bin-Jradi). During the 80s, other districts make their appearance, especially north of the city (and Massira Al-Quds), extended and developed areas today. The goal of this extension was the slum clearance. It was a success, since 1986 the city was declared a city without slums. The craze is such that sections like (Massira II) are villa style. The 90s marked the beginning of the urbanization of the axis center - Taza above. These are buildings with 6 or 7 floors occupying a strategic content between public facilities (municipality, space, civil protection, hospital ibn baja, high school and college ...) and on the other hand, it is down the high rock a hundred yards. This area is also adjacent to the uptown-Qessou meddah, Friouato and Hay Shuhada (developed throughout the last three decades). More recently this area continues to morph and promises a beautiful view from the heights of the city. The planning now also spread on the road to Fez for several kilometers to reach the intermittently R508 (about Tainast). The development plan provides a direct link between Taza West (at the "white bridge") and Taza high. See also
Notes1. ^ "Climatological Information for Taza, Morocco", Hong Kong Observatory, 2003, web: -->mor_al/taza_e.htm HKO-Taza]. 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D’APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=8 April 2015 |accessdate=29 September 2017}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=History of the Arabs and the Berbers and Their Powerful Contemporaries by Ibn khaldūd تاريخ ابن خلدون|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 4. ^{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Morocco |volume=18 |page=854 |first1=James |last1=Meakin |first2=Kate |last2=Meakin}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Gunn|first=ed. by John|title=Encyclopedia of caves and karst science|year=2003|publisher=Dearborn|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=1579583997|page=26}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Taza|title=Taza {{!}} Morocco|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-05-05|language=en}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Climate: Taza تازة - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/763640/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=28 August 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/FM/60127.TXT| title = Taza Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = March 16, 2015}} External links{{wikivoyage|Taza}}
4 : Biosphere reserves of Morocco|Populated places in Taza Province|Cities in Morocco|Provincial capitals in Morocco |
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