| 词条 | Râpa Roșie |
| 释义 |
| name = Râpa Roșie National Reserve/Natural monument | alt_name = | iucn_category = III | photo = Râpa Roșie.JPG | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Râpa Roșie Nature Reserve, a national geological monument | photo_width = | map = Romania | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Râpa Roșie | map_width = | location = România | nearest_city = Alba County Sebeș | coords = {{coord|45|59|15|N|23|35|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area = 24 ha | established = 2000 (1969) | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = | site web = | world_heritage_site = | url = | embedded1 = }}Râpa Roșie (Romanian for "red ravine") is a protected area, a natural monument of national interest in Alba County, Romania. It is a geological and botanical reserve, located in the extreme southwest of the Secaşelor Plateau on the right bank of the Secașul Mare, about {{convert|4|km}} north of Sebeș. With a size of approximately 24 hectares, the reserve is classified as IUCN Category III.[1] Erosion and runoff has given it a prominent, sharp rocky appearance in the mountainside. Râpa Roșie itself measures approximately 10 hectares in size. Râpa Roșie stretches over a length of {{convert|800|m}}. Its height measures between {{convert|50|-|125|m}} ({{convert|300|-|425|m}} absolute altitude). A huge wall, almost vertical, gives the impression of a ruined ancestral monument. Tiered columns and pyramids, separated by ravines, form a badlands microrelief. The first report of a Coţofeni culture find at Râpa Roşie was made by Fr. W. Schuster in 1865.[2] It was the first archaeological exploration made by him which revealed remnants of large and small pottery that had ornamentation, which also attested to the Coţofeni culture.[2][3] GeologyRâpa Roșie is a geological reserve and a natural monument with unusual red bed features. Assessing the geological age of the formations has been a daunting task as no fossil remains had been found in the past.[4][5] The geological monument has been called a "natural wonder".[6] Its walls rise to a height of 80-100m. Rock formations are naturally carved with very unusual shapes of columns, towers and pyramids formed over centuries of erosion by rainwater. Study of the feature has revealed geological formations of gravel, quartz sands, and sandstones. The deposits are distinct "succession of red clays, grey and reddish soap-stones, friable white soap-stone."[6] They all exhibit a reddish colour. Deep ravines are formed and during the rainy season the water flowing in the deep ravines is in the colour of the formation that is red; as the water falls into the ravines it makes a roaring sound.[5] Râpa Roșie River flows in the vicinity. FloraThere are many rare and endemic plants in the area. The floral species reported from the park are Cotoneaster integerrimus, Ephedra distachya, Centaurea atropurpurea, Dianthus serotinus, Cephalaria radiate, and Asplenium nigrum.[5] To evolve a management plan for the natural reserve, a study was carried out on the flora and faunal resources within the reserve area. Given this data, the details of flora reported are 144 plant species of 41 families. Of these, 8 are endangered species which are characteristic to the ecoregion of the xerophilous grasslands and/or the Xerothermic subcontinental Oak forest, and are:[7] Cephalaria radiate, Cephalaria uralensis, Onosma pseudoarenaria, Jurinea mollis ssp. (transsilvanica), Salvia transsilvanica, Salvia nutans, Centaurea atropurpurea and Quercus pubescens. In addition to the above, some rare plant species reported are Cotoneaster integerrimus, Centaurea atropurpurea, Dianthus serotinus, Cephalaria radiata and Asplenium adiantum-nigrum.[7] FaunaTo draw up a management plan for the natural reserve, a study was carried out on the flora and faunal resources within the reserve area.[7]
PaleontologyPaleontology investigations have been carried out at Râpa Roşie near Sebeş town, on the southwestern side of the Transylvanian Basin. The investigations were started in 1969. Dinosaur bones were reported in earlier investigations. Based on the investigations carried out by Codrea and Dica in 2005, they have assigned the age of these formations to the Early Miocene age (also conjectured as of Eggenburgian-Ottnangian age). Some of the rare fossils found here are vertebrates; one of these is of sauropod caudal vertebra. This fossil's original source is interpreted as the underlying Şard Formation of the Maastrichtian-Priabonian, which has eroded over the years. Paleontologists involved with the studies at Râpa Roșie have opined that this is the only sauropod genus reported at any time in the latest Cretaceous Maastrichtian) formations in Romania, which could be stated as Magyarosaurus.[4]See also
References1. ^{{WDPA|11154}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rapa Rosie}}2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.dacoromania-alba.ro/nr30/academicianul_alexandru_borza_despre.htm|title=Academician Alexandru Borza about Rapa Rosie from Transylvania|language=Romanian|accessdate=23 April 2013|publisher=Dacoromania}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Apulum: Acta Musei Apulensis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytcVAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=20 April 2013|year=2006|publisher=Muzeul Regional Alba Iulia|language=Romanian|page=45}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.geo-paleontologica.org/page8/Codrea_etal.pdf|format=pdf|title= A Sauropod Vertebra at Râpa Roşie (Alba District) Vlad A. Codrea|accessdate=22 April 2013|publisher=Paleontological Organization}} 5. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://rapa-rosie.ro/|title= Rezervaţia Naturală Râpa Roşie|language=Romanian|accessdate=22 April 2013|publisher=Official web site of Rezervaţia Naturală Râpa Roşie}} 6. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/70878|title= The geological reserve at Rapa Rosie, Sebes, Alba, Romania|accessdate=22 April 2013|publisher=Gigapan.com}} 7. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.biodiversity-plants.de/downloads/DT3.pdf|format=pdf|title=Downloads|accessdate=22 April 2013|publisher=Biodiversity Plants Organization}} 2 : Protected areas of Romania|Geography of Alba County |
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