“Teaspoon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A teaspoon is an item of cutlery, a measuring instrument, of approximately 5 ml, or a unit of measurement of volume (usually abbreviated tsp.).^[1]^[2]

Cutlery

A teaspoon is a small spoon suitable for stirring and sipping the contents of a cup of tea or coffee, or adding a portion of loose sugar to it. These spoons have heads more or less oval in shape. Teaspoons are a common part of a place setting.

Teaspoons with longer handles, such as iced tea spoons, are commonly used also for ice cream desserts or floats. Similar spoons include the tablespoon and the dessert spoon, the latter intermediate in size between a teaspoon and a tablespoon, used in eating dessert and sometimes soup or cereals. Much less common is the coffee spoon, which is a smaller version of the teaspoon, intended for use with the small type of coffee cup.^[3] Another teaspoon, called an orange spoon (in American English: grapefruit spoon), tapers to a sharp point or teeth, and is used to separate citrus fruits from their membranes. A bar spoon, equivalent to a teaspoon, is used in measuring ingredients for mixed drinks.

A container designed to hold extra teaspoons, called a spooner, usually in a set with a covered sugar container, formed a part of Victorian table service.

The teaspoon is first mentioned in an advertisement in a 1686 edition of the London Gazette.^[4]^[5]

Culinary measure

In some countries, a teaspoon (occasionally "teaspoonful") is a unit of volume, especially widely used in cooking recipes and pharmaceutic prescriptions. In English it is abbreviated as tsp. or, less often, as t., ts., or tspn. The abbreviation is never capitalized because a capital letter is customarily reserved for the larger tablespoon ("Tbsp.", "T.", "Tbls.", or "Tb.")^[6]

Metric teaspoon

The metric teaspoon as a unit of culinary measure is 5 mL,^[7] equal to 5 cm³; that is, {{frac|1|3}} UK/Canadian metric tablespoon, or {{frac|1|4}} Australian metric tablespoon.^[8]

United States customary unit

As a unit of culinary measure, one teaspoon in the United States is {{frac|1|3}} tablespoon, that is, exactly 4.92892159375 mL; it is exactly 1 {{frac|1|3}} US fluid drams, {{frac|1|6}} US fl oz, {{frac|1|48}} US cup, and {{frac|1|768}} US liquid gallon and {{frac|77|256}} or 0.30078125 cubic inches.

For nutritional labeling and medicine in the US, the teaspoon is defined the same as a metric teaspoon - precisely 5 milliliters (mL)^[9]

Dry ingredients

For dry ingredients, if a recipe calls for a level teaspoon of a (salt, flour, etc.), this refers to an approximately leveled filling of the spoon, producing the same volume as for liquids. A rounded teaspoon is a larger but less precise measure, produced without leveling the ingredient off or heaping it as high as possible. A heaping or heaped teaspoon is a larger inexact measure consisting of the amount obtained by scooping the dry ingredient up without leveling it off. For some ingredients, e.g. flour, this quantity can vary considerably.

Apothecary measure

As an unofficial but once widely used unit of Apothecaries' measure, the teaspoon is equal to 1 fluid dram (or drachm) and thus {{frac|4}} of a tablespoon or {{frac|8}} of a fluid ounce.^[10]^[11] The Apothecaries' teaspoon (formerly tea spoon or tea-spoon) was formally known by the Latin cochleare minus, abbreviated cochl. min. to distinguish it from the tablespoon or cochleare majus (cochl. maj.).^[12]^[13]

When tea-drinking was first introduced to England circa 1660, tea was rare and expensive, as a consequence of which teacups and teaspoons were smaller than today. This situation persisted until about 1710, when the East India Company began importing tea directly from China. As the price of tea declined, the size of teacups and teaspoons increased. By the 1730s, the teaspoon as a unit of culinary measure had increased to {{frac|3}} of a tablespoon, but the apothecary unit of measure remained the same.^[14] Nevertheless, the teaspoon, usually under its Latin name, continued to be used in Apothecaries' measures for several more decades, with the original definition of one fluid dram.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Marie O'Toole, editor|title=Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&pg=PA1821 |accessdate=15 May 2014|page=1746}}
2. ^{{cite book|author=Charles Sinclair|title=Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mdwm7jI9J10C&pg=PT379 |accessdate=15 May 2014}}
3. ^T. S. Eliot's poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock mentions coffee spoons: "For I have known them all already, known them all: / Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons, / I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;"
4. ^"ˈtea-spoon, n.". OED Online. Oxford University Press. 27 June 2012
5. ^London Gazette Issue 2203 27 December 1686 page 2 "three small gilded Tea Spoons"
6. ^ But in German and Dutch, teaspoon is abbreviated TL, for Teelöffel and Theelepel respectively.
7. ^21 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 101.9(b)(5)(viii)
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.airo2012.it/convert-cup-tablespoon/|title=How to Convert Cup to Tablespoon?|date=2016-06-08|website=Airo|access-date=2016-06-16}}
9. ^21CFR101.9(b)(5)(viii) 2 1CFR101.9
10. ^{{cite book|author=Robert Borneman Ludy|title=Answers to questions prescribed by pharmaceutical state boards|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMwRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA125|accessdate=19 December 2011|year=1907|publisher=J.J. McVey|page=125}}
11. ^{{cite book|author=Dr. Collins|title=Practical rules for the management and medical treatment of Negro slaves in the sugar colonies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clsSAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA465&dq=%22a+tea+spoon%22#v=onepage&q=%22a%20tea%20spoon%22&f=false|accessdate=19 December 2011|year=1803|publisher=Printed by J. Barfield, for Vernor and Hood|page=465}}
12. ^{{cite book|editor=Alexander Whitelaw|title=The popular encyclopedia; or, 'Conversations Lexicon'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=68LpFwitupEC&pg=PA11|accessdate=19 December 2011|year=1884|page=11}}
13. ^{{cite book|author1=Henri Milne-Edwards|author2=Pierre Henri L.D. Vavasseur|title=A manual of materia medica and pharmacy, from the Fr. of H.M. Edwards and P. Vavasseur, corrected by J. Davies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M75Q-5iRUjwC&pg=PR12|accessdate=19 December 2011|year=1831|page=12}}
14. ^{{cite book|author=Robert Eglesfeld Griffith|title=A universal formulary: containing the methods of preparing and administering officinal and other medicines. The whole adapted to physicians and pharmaceutists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-4jAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA25|accessdate=19 December 2011|year=1859|publisher=H.C. Lea|page=25}}