| 词条 | Te Awamutu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name =Te Awamutu |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = T.A., "The Rose Town of New Zealand" |settlement_type =Town |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = New Zealand |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Location of Te Awamutu |pushpin_mapsize = 180 |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name =Jim Mylchreest |leader_title1 = Regional Council |leader_name1 =Environment Waikato |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = |population_as_of =2013 Census |population_footnotes =[2] |population_note = |population_total = 10,305 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_blank1_title = Town |population_blank1 = |timezone = NZST |utc_offset = +12 |timezone_DST = NZDT |utc_offset_DST = +13 |coor_type = |coordinates = {{coord|38|01|S|175|19|E|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = City: teawamutu.co.nz Region: http://www.ew.govt.nz |footnotes = |blank_name = |blank_info = }} Te Awamutu is a town in the Waikato region in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the council seat of the Waipa District and serves as a service town for the farming communities which surround it. Te Awamutu is located some {{convert|30|km}} south of Hamilton on State Highway 3, one of the two main routes south from Auckland and Hamilton. HistoryTainui Maori first settled in the area in about 1450, according to noted Tainui historian Te Hurinui-Jones. Te Awamutu means "the river cut short", as it marked the end of the navigable section of the Mangapiko Stream.[3]Te Awamutu was the birthplace of the first Maori King, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (died 1860). The first European missionaries visited the area in 1834. A missionary settlement was set up by Benjamin Yate Ashwell of the Church Missionary Society (CMS).[4][5][6] and Māori Christians in July 1839 after they observed Tainui warriors, who had been fighting at Rotorua, return with 60 backpacks of human remains and proceed to cook and eat them in the Otawhao Pa.[7] In 1842 the Rev. John Morgan moved to the Otawhao Mission Station.[8] The CMS missionaries established a flourishing trade school that focused on developing agricultural skills. The missionaries introduced European crops such as wheat, potatoes and peaches. In 1846 Morgan provided advice and some capital to help local Māori to construct eight water mills to grind wheat into flour.[9] Morgan assisted in finding a suitable miller to operate the mills and to train Maori in this skill.[10] During the 1850s the wider area prospered on the back of sending surplus farm produce to Auckland. For a brief period wheat was even sent overseas. By the late 1850s prices dropped as cheaper flour and other foodstuffs were imported from Australia. This caused huge resentment among local Māori who had grown use to the wealth provided by trade. Some of the more warlike Māori such as Rewi Maniapoto blamed the missionaries for having a negative influence on Māori tikanga (cultural practices). He attempted to kill the local missionary and burnt down the trade school and other mission buildings. Other Christian Māori Maori warned other Europeans to leave the Waikato as their lives were in danger. Te Awamutu was a major site during the New Zealand land wars of the 19th century, serving as a garrison town for the colonial settlers from 1864. European settlement began at the conclusion of the Waikato Wars (1863–1865).[11] Te Awamutu todayThe main thoroughfare is Alexandra Street, so named because it was once the main road to the town of Alexandra (since renamed to Pirongia to avoid confusion with the town of Alexandra in the South Island). The town has a large dairy factory, and serves as an important centre in the local dairy industry. The town is often referred to as "The Rose Town of New Zealand" because of its elaborate rose gardens in the centre of the town.[12] Many local businesses use "Rosetown" in their name, and the symbol of the rose is widely used on local signs and billboards. The local paper, Te Awamutu Courier, has a symbol of a rose in the masthead on its front page. GeographyTe Awamutu literally means in English "The River's End". The town is on gently undulating land close to the banks of a tributary of the Waipa River. The Waikato Plains lie to the north and east, and the promontory of Mount Pirongia, 20 kilometres to the west, is easily visible. Inside the township are two streams called the Mangapiko Stream and the Mangaohoi Stream. The Mangaohoi ends and becomes the Tributary of the Mangapiko near Memorial park. The town is close to the extinct Kakepuku and Pirongia volcanoes (and other volcanoes of the Alexandra Volcanic Group). Maungatautari, another extinct volcanic cone, now the site of New Zealand's largest ecological restoration project, is also nearby. Other towns surrounding Te Awamutu include Cambridge, 25 kilometres to the northeast, Otorohanga, 30 kilometres to the southwest, and Raglan 50 kilometres to the northwest. The small town of Kihikihi lies just to the south of Te Awamutu. DemographicsIt has a population of 10,305[2] but with Kihikihi and surrounding rural areas a total population of about 14,000 can be claimed. For the census Te Awamutu is divided into four area units, central, east, south and west, as in this table.[13] Māori formed 19.7% of the population in central, 22.8% in east, 23.2% in south and 25.7% in west.[14]
CultureTe Awamutu Museum was established in 1935. The museum has a number of permanent exhibitions focusing on the history of Te Awamutu and the surrounding area.[15] There is also an exhibition, 'Everyone is here' focusing on Tim and Neil Finn, brothers and Te Awamutu natives, of the bands Split Enz and later Crowded House; the town was mentioned in the latter's 1986 song "Mean To Me", and also in Split Enz's earlier song "Haul Away". The museum contains one of the most famous early Māori artifacts, a large carved post known simply as Te Uenuku. This impressive carving has caused much controversy because its style is markedly different from any other early Māori work, yet it is clearly of a Māori design. Facilities and attractionsThe Te Awamutu Museum is one of the attractions of the town, and has many exhibitions relating to the history of the area. Te Awamutu itself is located on SH3, one of the major routes used when touring the North Island of New Zealand. The town has three large supermarkets, electronics retailers, a well equipped sports / leisure centre and The Kihikihi Trail cycleway,[16] which opened in 2017.[17] Notable residents{{maincat|People from Te Awamutu}}The town's best known residents are the Finn Brothers, Tim and Neil, whose musical careers have stretched from Split Enz through the internationally successful Crowded House to their current solo and collaborative works. The town is mentioned in Split Enz's song "Haul Away", and also in Crowded House's 1986 song "Mean to Me", the debut single from their self-titled debut album. Musician Spencer P. Jones (The Beasts of Bourbon, Paul Kelly and The Coloured Girls) was also born in Te Awamutu. Filmmaker and Bilbo double in Peter Jackson's The Hobbit series Hayden J. Weal was also born and raised here.[18] See alsoTe Awamutu Railway StationReferences1. ^ 2. ^1 The population is the aggregation of the Census figures for Te Awamutu West ({{NZ Quickstats2013|13774|Te Awamutu West}}), Te Awamutu Central ({{NZ Quickstats2013|13775|Te Awamutu Central}}), Te Awamutu East ({{NZ Quickstats2013|13776|Te Awamutu East}}) and Te Awamutu South ({{NZ Quickstats2013|13777|Te Awamutu South}}). 3. ^{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/te-awamutu|year=1966|title=Te Awamutu|encyclopedia=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1= Rogers |first1= Lawrence M. |authorlink1= |title= Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams|url= |format= |accessdate= |year=1973 |publisher=Pegasus Press |location= |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages= |chapter= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }} 5. ^{{cite web|author= |title= The Church Missionary Atlas (Church Missionary Society)|pages= 210–219|date= 1896| url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_Atlas_01|accessdate=19 October 2015 | publisher = Adam Matthew Digital |subscription=yes}} 6. ^{{cite web|first= |last= Bernard John Foster; edited by A. H. McLintock |title = 'ASHWELL, Benjamin Yates'| date =1966|url= https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/ashwell-benjamin-yates|publisher= Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=29 January 2019}} 7. ^A Lone Hand in Cannibal Land James Cowan The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 9, Issue 6 (September 1, 1934) NZETC 8. ^{{cite web |first = | last = |title= The Church Missionary Gleaner, December 1846|work=The Station of Otawao, New Zealand|accessdate=16 October 2015 |url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1846_12/12| publisher = Adam Matthew Digital |subscription=yes}} 9. ^{{cite web |first = | last = |title= The Church Missionary Gleaner, August 1847|work=Advancement of New Zealanders in Civilization|accessdate=16 October 2015 |url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1847_08/9| publisher = Adam Matthew Digital |subscription=yes}} 10. ^{{cite book |last1= Petrie |first1= Hazel |authorlink1= |title= Chiefs of Industry: Maori Tribal Enterprise in Early Colonial New Zealand|url= |format= |accessdate= |year=2006|publisher= Auckland University Press|location= |language= |isbn= 9781869403768|oclc= |doi= |id= |page=|pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }} 11. ^https://teara.govt.nz/en/new-zealand-wars 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tourism.net.nz/nz-north-island-things-to-see-and-do.html |title=New Zealand North Island Things To See And Do |accessdate=2011-01-07}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/StatsMaps/Home/Maps/2013-census-quickstats-about-a-place-map.aspx?viewer=viewer_config_2013_Live.txt&webmap=map_config.txt&layerId=1&featureId=526500|title=2013 Census map – QuickStats about a place|website=www.stats.govt.nz|language=en-nz|access-date=10 June 2017}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-a-place.aspx|title=2013 Census QuickStats about a place|access-date=2017-11-18}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tamuseum.org.nz/ |title=Te Awamutu Museum |accessdate=2011-07-01}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.waipadc.govt.nz/our-council/news/Pages/New-trail-route-confirmed.aspx|title=New trail route confirmed - Waipa District Council|website=www.waipadc.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=2017-11-16}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.waipadc.govt.nz/our-district/MajorProjects/Pages/Kihikihi-Trail.aspx|title=Kihikihi trail - Waipa District Council|website=www.waipadc.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=2017-11-16}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3289442/|title=Hayden J. Weal|website=IMDb}} External links{{commons category|Te Awamutu}}
3 : Populated places in Waikato|Waipa District|Te Awamutu |
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