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词条 Technical death metal
释义

  1. History

  2. List of bands

  3. Notes

{{Infobox music genre
|name=Technical death metal
|bgcolor=#BB0022
|color=white
|stylistic_origins =
  • Death metal
  • progressive metal
  • avant-garde metal
  • jazz fusion[1]

|cultural_origins = Late 1980s, United States, Canada and Europe
|instruments =
  • Vocals
  • electric guitar
  • bass guitar
  • drums
  • keyboard

|popularity = Underground
|fusiongenres =
|regional_scenes =
|other_topics =
  • Mathcore
  • melodic death metal
  • djent
  • progressive metalcore

}}

Technical death metal (also referred to as simply tech-death) is a musical subgenre of death metal that began and developed in the early- to mid-1990s, with particular focus on challenging, demanding instrumental skill and complex songwriting.

History

Technical experimentation in death metal began in the late 1980s and early 1990s by bands such as Death, Atrocity, Atheist and Cynic.[2]

Some of the distinct features of this genre include dynamic song structures, complex and atypical rhythmic structures, abundant use of diminished chords and arpeggios, frequent employment of odd time chord progressions and constant use of string skipping on the guitars. Bass lines are usually complex and the drums are extremely fast-paced with abundant use of blast-beats and other extreme drumming techniques.

One of the key works that cemented the subgenre was Atheist's debut album Piece of Time, released in 1989, which took death metal into a more intricate level while incorporating influences ranging from jazz fusion to progressive metal. In 1991, New York's grindcore-influenced Suffocation released their debut album Effigy of the Forgotten, which focused on pairing speed and brutality with a "sophisticated" sense of songwriting. Atheist's second album, Unquestionable Presence, Pestilence's third album, Testimony of the Ancients; and Death's fourth album Human were all released that very same year, defining the path for death metal's newly found intricateness and having proved to be especially influential on later 1990s and 2000s technical death metal bands.[2]

List of bands

BandCountryFormedNotes
Anata Sweden 1993[3]
ArchspireCanada2009
Arsis U.S. 2000[2][4]
Atheist U.S. 1984[2]
AtrocityGermany1985[5]
Augury Canada 2001[6]
Becoming the Archetype U.S. 1999[7]
Beneath the Massacre Canada 2004[8][9]
Between the Buried and Me U.S. 2000[10]
Beyond Creation Canada 2005 [11]
Brain Drill U.S. 2005[6][12][13][14]
Burning the Masses U.S. 2005[15]
Cephalic Carnage U.S. 1992[16]
Coprofago Chile 1993[17]
Cryptopsy Canada 1992[2][18][19][20]
Cynic U.S. 1987[2]
Death U.S. 1983[2][21]
Decapitated Poland 1996[22]
Decrepit Birth U.S. 2001[23]
Demilich Finland 1990[24]
Despised Icon Canada 2002[25]
Dying Fetus U.S. 1991[26]
Extol Norway 1994[27]
The Faceless U.S. 2004[28]
Fleshgod Apocalypse Italy 2007
Gojira France 1996[29]
Gorguts Canada 1989[2][30]
In Battle Sweden 1996[31]
Inner GrotesqueGermany1993
Into the Moat U.S. 2001[32]
Man Must Die United Kingdom 2002[33]
Necrophagist Germany 1992[2][34]
Neuraxis Canada 1994[2][35]
Nile U.S. 1993[36]
Nocturnus U.S. 1987[37]
Obscura Germany 2002[6]
Odious Mortem U.S. 1998[38]
Oppressor USA 1991
Origin U.S. 1997[39]
Pestilence Netherlands 1986[40]
Psycroptic Australia 1999[41][42][43]
Punish Switzerland 1996[44]
The Red Chord U.S. 1999[45]
Revocation U.S. 2006[46]
Revulsed Australia 2010[47]
Rings of Saturn U.S. 2009[48]
Spawn of Possession Sweden 1997[49]
Structural Israel 2015[50]
Suffocation U.S. 1989[51]
Trigger the Bloodshed United Kingdom 2006[52]
Ulcerate New Zealand 2000 [53]

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |title=100 Greatest Technical Death Metal Bands And Technical Thrash Metal Bands|url=https://entertainment.expertscolumn.com/100-greatest-technical-death-metal-bands-and-technical-thrash-metal-bands|accessdate=2018-03-19|date=2015-05-08}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |author=Freeman, Phil |title=The Man-Machine Will Rock You: The Existential Paradox of Technical Death Metal |url=http://thehighhat.com/PopsClicks/007/deathmetal_freeman.html |publisher=The High Hat |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
3. ^{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=The Conductor's Departure review |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/anata.htm |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2010-08-14}}
4. ^{{cite web |author=Harris, Chris |title=Arsis May Cancel Tour after Trailer Wreck |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1582896/20080306/arsis.jhtml |publisher=MTV |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.laut.de/Atrocity|title=Atrocity|last=|first=|date=|website=laut.de|publisher=|access-date=28 October 2016}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web |author=Marsicano, Don |title=Augury – 'Fragmentary Evidence' |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/a/gr/augury-fragmentaryevidence.htm |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2009-11-22}}
7. ^{{cite web|last=Bowar|first=Chad|title=Becoming The Archetype - I Am Review|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/becomingthearchetype/fr/Becoming-The-Archetype-I-Am-Review.htm|publisher=About.com|accessdate=November 23, 2012|format=Web|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118222707/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/becomingthearchetype/fr/Becoming-The-Archetype-I-Am-Review.htm|archivedate=November 18, 2012|df=}}
8. ^{{cite web |author1=Harris, Chris |author2=Wiederhorn, Jon |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Metal File: Satyricon, Trivium, Heaven Shall Burn, Brutal Truth & More News That Rules |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1533407/20060601/satyricon.jhtml |publisher=MTV |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
9. ^{{cite web |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |title=Beneath the Massacre |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p866561|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
10. ^{{cite web |author=Donnelly, Dave |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-parallax-ii-future-sequence-mw0002417464 |title=The Parallax II: Future Sequence - Between the Buried and Me |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2013-08-01}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=Beyond Creation |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/beyond-creation-mn0002679146/discography |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2017-01-02}}
12. ^{{cite web |author1=Harris, Chris |author2=Widerhorn, Jon |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Brain Drill Raise The Death-Metal Bar; Plus Iron Maiden, Walls of Jericho & More News That Rules, In Metal File |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1582094/20080221/brain_drill.jhtml |publisher=MTV |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
13. ^{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=February 2008 Best Heavy Metal CDs |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/10/tp/feb2008bestmetalcds.htm |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
14. ^{{cite web |author=Jurek, Thom |title=Apocalyptic Feasting review |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1311519|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/mind-control-mw0000799531 |publisher=AllMusic |title=Mind Control - Burning the Masses |author=Henderson, Alex |accessdate=2013-03-28}}
16. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/cephalic-carnage-xenosapien/|work = PopMatters|title = Cephalic Carnage Xenosapien |author = Adrien Begrand|accessdate = 2009-06-17}}
17. ^{{cite web |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |title=Coprofago |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p694259|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2010-01-22}}
18. ^{{cite web |author=Harris, Chris |title=Cryptopsy Drummer Dismisses Sell-Out Claims; Plus Sepultura & More News That Rules, In Metal File |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1590360/20080702/index.jhtml?rsspartner=rssFeedBurner |publisher=MTV |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
19. ^{{cite web |author=Robinson, Iann |title=Metal File: Hard & Heavy News On Judas Priest, Vader, Fireball Ministry, Children of Bodom, Cryptopsy & More |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1474173/20030717/judas_priest.jhtml?headlines=true |publisher=MTV |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
20. ^{{cite web |author1=Harris, Chris |author2=Wiederhorn, Jon |lastauthoramp=yes |title=36 Crazyfists Pounding Away on Next Album; Plus Anthrax, Ipsissimus & More News That Rules, In Metal File |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1576487/20071213/36_crazyfists.jhtml |publisher=MTV |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
21. ^{{cite book |author=Pratt, Greg |title=Symbolic review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT103 |publisher=Revolver |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
22. ^{{cite web |work=NME |title=Decapitated |url=http://www.nme.com/artists/decapitated |accessdate=2009-08-15 |authorlink=New Musical Express}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/polarity-mw0002011363 |author=Henderson, Alex |publisher=AllMusic |title=Polarity - Decrepit Birth |accessdate=2013-03-28}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Demilich/250 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Metallum |accessdate=2019-01-02}}
25. ^{{cite web |title=Despised Icon review |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1067759|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/d/gr/dyingfetus-descendintodepravity.htm |title=Dying Fetus Descend into Depravity Review – Review of Descend into Depravity by Dying Fetus |publisher=Heavymetal.about.com |date=2010-06-14 |accessdate=2011-10-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175807/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/d/gr/dyingfetus-descendintodepravity.htm |archivedate=2014-02-02 |df= }}
27. ^{{cite web |author=Born, R |title=Extol |url=http://musicmight.com/artist/norway/bekkestua/extol |publisher=MusicMight |accessdate=2010-12-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930184925/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/bekkestua/extol |archivedate=2009-09-30 |df= }}
28. ^{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=Meshuggah Tour Dates |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/b/2009/01/14/meshuggah-tour-dates.htm |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2009-09-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213032428/http://heavymetal.about.com/b/2009/01/14/meshuggah-tour-dates.htm |archivedate=2009-12-13 |df= }}
29. ^Lissa Brennan, With French death-metal pioneers Gojira, the lyrics matter as much as the blastbeats, pittsburghcitypaper.ws, October 15, 2009
30. ^{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=Top 5 Most Underrated Death Metal Albums from Charles Elliott of Abysmal Dawn |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/top5abysmaldawn.htm |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2009-08-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423053758/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/top5abysmaldawn.htm |archivedate=2009-04-23 |df= }}
31. ^{{cite web |author=Henderson, Alex |title=Kingdom of Fear review |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1111036|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2009-11-22}}
32. ^{{cite web |author=Falzon, Denise |title=The Campaign review |url=http://www.exclaim.ca/musicreviews/latestsub.aspx?csid1=115&csid2=870&fid1=37988 |work=Exclaim! |accessdate=2009-05-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603233654/http://www.exclaim.ca/musicreviews/latestsub.aspx?csid1=115&csid2=870&fid1=37988 |archivedate=2009-06-03 |df= }}
33. ^{{cite web |author=Ogle, Ryan |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/showreview.aspx?reviewID=1812 |title=No Tolerance for Imperfection (Relapse) |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |accessdate=2013-03-28}}
34. ^{{cite web |author=York, William |title=Epitaph review |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r702037|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
35. ^{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=The Thin Line Between review |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/neuraxisthinlin.htm |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2009-08-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314054611/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/gr/neuraxisthinlin.htm |archivedate=2012-03-14 |df= }}
36. ^{{cite web |author1=Harris, Chris |author2=Wiederhorn, Jon |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Metal File: In This Moment, Behemoth, Nile & More News That Rules |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1553678/20070301/id_0.jhtml |publisher=MTV |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
37. ^{{cite web |author=Sharpe-Young, Garry |title=Nocturnus |url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/florida/tampa/nocturnus1 |publisher=MusicMight |accessdate=2009-08-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016092602/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/florida/tampa/nocturnus1 |archivedate=2012-10-16 |df= }}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/odiouscryptic.htm |title=Cryptic Implosion review |accessdate=2013-03-28 |publisher=About.com |author=Bowar, Chad |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175811/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/odiouscryptic.htm |archivedate=2014-02-02 |df= }}
39. ^{{cite web |author=Bowar, Chad |title=Antithesis review |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/cdreviews/fr/originantithesi.htm |publisher=About.com |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
40. ^{{cite web |author=Freeman, Phil |title=Resurrection Macabre review |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1502081|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
41. ^{{cite web |author=Unknown |title=PSYCROPTIC: Orangevale Footage Available – Apr. 12, 2009 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=118019 |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |accessdate=2009-08-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606092929/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=118019 |archivedate=2011-06-06 |df= }}
42. ^{{cite web |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |title=Psycroptic |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p568590|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
43. ^{{cite web |author=Henderson, Alex |title=Ob(servant) review |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1439716|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2009-08-15}}
44. ^{{cite web|author=Vanessa |url=https://www.undergrounded.de/index.php/reviews/unter-dem-radar/item/1932-unter-dem-radar-punish-technical-death-metal# |title=UNTER DEM RADAR: PUNISH (TECHNICAL DEATH METAL) |accessdate=2018-06-03}}
45. ^{{cite web|last=Freeman |first=Phil |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/fed-through-the-teeth-machine-r1662986 |title=Fed Through the Teeth Machine – The Red Chord |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2011-10-10}}
46. ^{{cite web |author=Hartmann, Graham 'Gruhamed' |title=No. 45: Revocation, 'Dismantle the Dictator' – Top 21st Century Metal Songs |url=http://loudwire.com/revocation-dismantle-the-dictator-top-21st-century-metal-songs/ |publisher=Loudwire |accessdate=2013-01-04}}
47. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.whiskey-soda.de/review.php?id=37231 | title = Revulsed – Infernal Atrocity | last = F | first = Daniel | work = Whiskey Soda | language = German | date = November 2015 | accessdate = October 22, 2016 }}
48. ^{{Cite web |author=Jurek, Thom |title=Rings of Saturn biography |url=http://allmusic.com/artist/rings-of-saturn-mn0002621772/biography |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2014-11-22}}
49. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/incurso-mw0002289580 |title=Incurso - Spawn of Possession |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=2013-03-28}}
50. ^{{cite web |title=Metal Archives - Structural |url=https://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Structural/3540441464 |website=Metal Archives |accessdate=28 June 2018}}
51. ^Rivadavia, Eduardo. [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r76988|pure_url=yes}} Effigy of the Forgotten]. AllMusic. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
52. ^Dan Marsicano, "(...) technical death metal ala Suffocation and Nile", Trigger The Bloodshed – 'The Great Depression' at About.com
53. ^{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/18459-ulcerate-vermis/|title=Ulcerate: Vermis Album Review - Pitchfork|website=pitchfork.com|accessdate=18 January 2018}}
{{Extreme metal}}Death metal techniqueTechnical metalTechnical death metal

3 : Death metal|Technical death metal|Extreme metal
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