| 词条 | Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury |
| 释义 |
| image = Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury press conference 2010.jpg | caption = Chowdhury at a 2010 press conference | name = Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury | native_name = সালাউদ্দিন কাদের চৌধুরী | native_name_lang = bn | alma_mater = Sadiq Public School University of Punjab[1] | organization = | occupation = Politician, former Minister | parents = Fazlul Quader Chowdhury |death_date = {{death date and age|2015|11|22|1949|3|13|df=y}} |death_place = Dhaka Central Jail, Dhaka, Bangladesh |death_cause = Execution by hanging |birth_date = {{birth date|1949|3|13|df=y}} |birth_place= Gohira, Raozan Upazila, Chittagong, East Bengal, Dominion of Pakistan |known_for = |party = Bangladesh Nationalist Party |criminal_charge = 23 counts of charges including rape, torture and genocide.[2] |resting_place = Raozan Upazila, Chittagong |criminal_penalty = Death penalty |title = Member of Jatiyo Sangshad |term = 1979–1983, 1986–1987, 1988–1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2008–2012 |spouse = Farhat Quader Chowdhury |children = Hummam Quader Chowdhury |nationality=Bangladeshi }}Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury ({{lang-bn|সালাউদ্দিন কাদের চৌধুরী}}; 13 March 1949 – 22 November 2015) was a convicted war criminal, former Bangladeshi politician, minister and six-term member of parliament and member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Standing Committee, who served as the adviser of parliamentary affairs to Prime Minister Khaleda Zia in from 2001 to 2006.[3] Despite concerns about the fairness of the proceedings, on {{nowrap|1 October 2013}} he was convicted of 9 of 23 charges and sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh for crimes during the 1971 Bangladesh War of Independence.[4][4][5] He was put to death by hanging in Dhaka on 22 November 2015.[4] Early lifeChowdhury was born on 13 March 1949 in Gahira village.[6] He was from a political family of Raozan Upazila in erstwhile East Pakistan. He received his education from the boarding school, Sadiq Public School at Bahawalpur, Pakistan. His father, Fazlul Quader Chowdhury, was a Speaker of Pakistan National Assembly and Acting President of Pakistan from time to time before the independence of Bangladesh.[9] Political careerChowdhury was a member of the Bangladesh Parliament.[7] He was a member of the standing committee of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).[8] Chowdhury was a six-term Member of Parliament, generally representing Rangunia and/or Boalkhali Upazilas, starting with constituency Chittagong-7 in 1979. He was elected for Chittagong-6 in 1986 and 1991.[9] He was elected for Chittagong-7 again in 1996,[9] and re-elected in 2001.[10] His final term, to which he was elected in 2008, was for Chittagong-2.[7] War crimes trialChowdhury was arrested 2011 from his house to a "safe house" in Dhanmondi and questioned by the special branch of police,[11] where he was reportedly tortured.[12] The trial for his involvements in the 1971 Bangladesh genocide were due to begin in August 2011.[13] War crime chargesAmong the charges submitted against Chowdhury in the International Crimes Tribunal were:[14][15]
TrialDuring Chowdhury's trial the prosecution summoned 41 witnesses to testify while four were called in his defense.[20] Commenting on the trial, the former United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues, Stephen Rapp, said that it was "disturbing" that limitations were placed on defense testimony.[21] Affidavits stating that Chowdhury was in Pakistan and studying law at the University of Punjab at the time of the crimes were not considered.[20][4] Defense testimony from a former Prime Minister of Pakistan and a former American Ambassador was not allowed by the court.[22] ConvictionOn 1 October 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh sentenced Chowdhury to death by hanging for nine out of the 23 charges brought against him.[4] His party BNP argued that the trial is politically motivated.[23] On 18 November 2015, Bangladesh Supreme Court dismissed the appeal of Chowdhury, upholding the death sentence.[24][25] According to jail officials, Chowdhury asked for mercy in a petition to the President of Bangladesh, but his appeal was rejected.[26][27] ExecutionOn 22 November 2015, 12:45 Chowdhury was executed by hanging at Dhaka Central Jail alongside a former member of Parliament found guilty of atrocities, Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed.[38][28][29][30] Law Minister Anisul Huq claimed that Chowdhury and Mojaheed submitted a plea for mercy, which Chowdhury's family denied.[31] Chowdhury was buried at his village home in Raozan Upazila, Chittagong on 22 November 2015.[32] FamilyChowdhury was married to Farhat Quader Chowdhury. Together they had a son Hummam Quader Chowdhury.[33] In August 2016, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International alleged that Hummam was arrested August 4, 2016, and disappeared. Amnesty says multiple credible sources place him at Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) headquarters in Dhaka on 12 August, but authorities have denied having him in custody.[34] Hummam returned home on March 2017. His brother, Giasuddin Quader Chowdhury, was a member of parliament from Bangladesh Nationalist Party.[35] See also
References1. ^{{cite news |title=Bengali against executions of opposition leaders Imran Khan has sent a letter to the Prime Minister, Salah al-Din was evidence of innocence |url=http://www.newstime.jp/news/bengali-against-executions-of-opposition-leaders-imran-khan-has-sent-a-letter-to-the-prime-minister-salah-al-din-was-evidence-of-innocence |work=News Time |date=24 November 2015 |accessdate=14 August 2016}} {{1971 Bangladesh genocide|state=expanded}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Salahuddin Quader}}2. ^{{cite news |author=Vishakha Sonawane |date=18 November 2015 |title=Bangladeshi Supreme Court Rejects Appeals Of 2 Senior Leaders Convicted Of War Crimes, Upholds Death Sentence |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/bangladeshi-supreme-court-rejects-appeals-2-senior-leaders-convicted-war-crimes-2189659 |work=International Business Times}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=Please spare his life, SQ Chy's family urges President |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/search_index.php?news_id=3466&page=detail_news |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |date=6 July 2007 |accessdate=20 April 2011}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Bangladesh MP Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury to hang for war crimes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24344868 |work=BBC News |date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=1 October 2013}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Bartrop |first=Paul R. |date=2012 |title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=374 |isbn=978-0313386787}} 6. ^{{cite news |script-title=ঔদ্ধত্যের আরেক নাম সাকাচৌ |url=http://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1003463.bdnews |language=bn |newspaper=bdnews24.com}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/9th_Parliament_MP%20List.pdf |title=9th Parliament MP List |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806195805/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/9th_Parliament_MP%20List.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2009 |accessdate=20 April 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://en.bnpbangladesh.com/standing-committee-2009-2016/ |title=Standing Committee |website=Bangladesh National Party (BNP) |accessdate=2017-02-11}} 9. ^1 {{cite news |title=SQ Chy feared Rangunia debacle |url=http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?id=205095&cid=43 |newspaper=bdnews24.com |date=5 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030102701/http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=205095&cid=43 |archive-date=30 October 2012 |accessdate=18 September 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/M_P%20List-300.pdf |title=8th Parliament MP List |website=Bangladesh Parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430051455/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/M_P%20List-300.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2011 |accessdate=20 April 2011}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=SQ Chy being quizzed at this 'safe house' |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/national/48980-sq-chy-at-safe-home.html |newspaper=Independent |location=Dhaka |date=10 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524014404/http://www.theindependentbd.com/national/48980-sq-chy-at-safe-home.html |archive-date=24 May 2012 |accessdate=29 August 2011 }} 12. ^{{cite news |last1=Klasra |first1=Rauf |date=19 December 2010 |title=Bitter past revived: Labelled traitor, an MP reminisces|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/91820/bitter-past-revived-labelled-traitor-an-mp-reminsces/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |accessdate=3 March 2016}} 13. ^1 {{cite news |title=SQ Chy's trial to begin in August: Quamrul |url=http://www.bdinn.com/news/sq-chy%E2%80%99s-trial-to-begin-in-august-quamrul/ |newspaper=BD Inn |date=14 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101073003/http://www.bdinn.com/news/sq-chy%E2%80%99s-trial-to-begin-in-august-quamrul/ |archive-date=1 November 2013 |accessdate=29 August 2011}} 14. ^{{cite news |title=Charges against SQ Chy |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/law-amp-rights/2013/oct/01/charges-against-sq-chy |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=1 October 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001064124/http://www.dhakatribune.com/law-amp-rights/2013/oct/01/charges-against-sq-chy |archivedate=1 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 15. ^1 {{cite news |title=The charges against Salauddin Quader |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/10/01/the-charges-against-salauddin-quader |newspaper=bdnews24.com |date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=1 October 2013}} 16. ^1 {{cite news |title=Justice delayed, but not finally denied |url=http://www.observerbd.com/2015/07/30/101936.php |newspaper=The Daily Observer |location=Dhaka |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 17. ^{{cite news |title=Salauddin |url=http://www.observerbd.com/2015/11/22/122171.php |newspaper=The Daily Observer |location=Dhaka |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 18. ^{{cite news |title=Nutan Chandra's son testifies against SQ Chy |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/war-crimes-trials/2012/06/20/nutan-chandra-s-son-testifies-against-sq-chy |newspaper=bdnews24.com |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 19. ^{{cite news |title=Son testifies on father's killing |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/son-testifies-on-fathers-killing/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 20. ^1 2 3 {{cite magazine |author= |title=Politics and death in Bangladesh: The noose tightens |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21679230-opposition-floundering-sheikh-hasina-has-her-way-noose-tightens?zid=306&ah=1b164dbd43b0cb27ba0d4c3b12a5e227 |magazine=Economist |date=28 November 2015 |access-date=15 December 2015 }} 21. ^{{cite news |last=Pennington |first=Matthew |date=20 November 2015 |title=US criticism grows over Bangladesh war crimes tribunal |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/04991a85b5a54fa9a736d784af34e1d8/us-criticism-grows-over-bangladesh-war-crimes-tribunal |newspaper=Associated Press |access-date=15 December 2015 }} 22. ^{{cite web |last=Farbstein |first=Susan |date=13 November 2015 |title=Threat of Extrajudicial Executions Looms in Bangladesh |url=http://hrp.law.harvard.edu/criminal-justice/threat-of-extrajudicial-executions-looms-in-bangladesh/ |website=The Human Rights Program |publisher=Harvard Law |access-date=15 December 2015 }} 23. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh sentences 7th opposition lawmaker to death |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Bangladesh-sentences-7th-opposition-lawmaker-to-death/articleshow/23348606.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |agency=Reuters |date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=1 October 2013}} 24. ^{{cite news |title=SC publishes full verdict on Salauddin, Mojaheed |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/86445/SC-publishes-full-verdict-on-Salauddin-Mojaheed |newspaper=Prothom Alo |accessdate = 2015-11-20}} 25. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Set to Hang Opposition Leaders Within Days |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/bangladesh-set-to-hang-opposition-leaders-within-days-1245556 |work=NDTV |accessdate=2015-11-20}} 26. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh president rejects mercy plea of 2 war criminals |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Bangladesh-president-rejects-mercy-plea-of-2-war-criminals/articleshow/49875037.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |accessdate = 2015-11-21}} 27. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh president rejects death-row mercy petitions |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/bangladesh-president-rejects-death-row-mercy-petitions/articleshow/49875033.cms |newspaper=Economic Times |accessdate=21 November 2015}} 28. ^{{cite news |last=Habib |first=Haroon |title=Two top Bangladesh war criminals hanged |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/two-top-bangladesh-war-criminals-hanged/article7904194.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 November 2015 |issn=0971-751X |access-date=2015-11-21}} 29. ^{{cite news |date= |script-title=সাকা-মুজাহিদের ফাঁসি কার্যকর |trans-title= |url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/690262/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE-%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0-%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2581%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BF-%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0 |newspaper=Prothom Alo |language=bn |accessdate=2015-11-21}} 30. ^{{cite news |date=22 November 2015 |title=B'desh on alert after execution of 2 Oppn leaders for war crimes |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/bangladesh-on-high-alert-ahead-of-execution-of-2-opposition-leaders/story-C60moXJqSDKFbe4Sm2YNBI.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |accessdate=2015-11-21}} 31. ^1 {{cite news |last=Barry |first=Ellen |date=22 November 2015 |title=Bangladesh Hangs 2 Leaders Convicted of War Crimes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/world/asia/bangladesh-hangs-2-leaders-convicted-of-war-crimes.html?ref=topics&_r=0 |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=15 December 2015 }} 32. ^{{cite news |title=SQ Chy buried amid tight security |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/politics/sq-chy-buried-amid-tight-security-176257 |newspaper=The Daily Star |accessdate=2015-11-22}} 33. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/hc-asks-sq-chys-wife-son-surrender-1318738 |title=Verdict leak: HC asks SQ Chy’s wife, son to surrender to lower cour |date=November 22, 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Star |publication-date=November 22, 2016 }} 34. ^{{cite news |title=Amnesty, HRW condemn 'detention' of SQ Chy, Mir Quasem's sons |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/amnesty-hrw-condemn-detention-sq-chy-mir-quasems-sons-1269919 |newspaper=The Daily Star (Bangladesh) |date=15 August 2016 |accessdate=4 September 2016}} 35. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/son-sq-chy-returns-home-after-7-months-1370593|title=Son of SQ Chy returns home after 7 months|date=2017-03-04|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-08-02|language=en}} 23 : Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians|8th Jatiya Sangsad members|21st-century executions by Bangladesh|Bangladeshi people convicted of crimes against humanity|Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes|Bangladeshi politicians convicted of crimes|Executed Bangladeshi people|Executed politicians|People executed by Bangladesh by hanging|People executed for crimes against humanity|People executed for war crimes|People from Chittagong|Sadiq Public School alumni|University of the Punjab alumni|1949 births|2015 deaths|2nd Jatiya Sangsad members|3rd Jatiya Sangsad members|4th Jatiya Sangsad members|5th Jatiya Sangsad members|6th Jatiya Sangsad members|7th Jatiya Sangsad members|9th Jatiya Sangsad members |
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