“Telecommunications in Bangladesh”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The liberalisation of Bangladesh's telecommunications sector began with small steps in 1989 with the issuance of a licence to a private operator for the provision of inter alia cellular mobile services to compete with Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB), the previous monopoly provider of telecommunications services within Bangladesh. Significant changes in the number of fixed and mobile services deployed in Bangladesh occurred in the late 1990s and the number of services in operation have subsequently grown exponentially in the past five years.

The incentives both from government and public sectors have helped the industry grow and it is now one of the biggest industries in Bangladesh. As a populous country, its huge market has attracted many foreign investors.

Telecommunication

The telecom sector in Bangladesh is rapidly emerging. Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) is the regulatory authority for this sector, overseeing licensing, policy, etc.

History

Structure

As defined in the National Telecommunications Policy 1998 and International Long Distance Telecommunications Services (ILDTS) Policy 2007, all mobile operators is to interconnect through Interconnection Exchange (ICX) and all international calls to be handled by International Gateway (IGW) which is to be connected to the mobile and fixed operators through the ICXs.

The Interconnection Exchange (ICX) will receive all calls from the mobile and fixed operators whenever the call is made to other network and will pass it to the destination network if the call is local, and will pass to the IGWs if the call is international. ICX will also deliver calls received from IGWs where the call is destined.^[6]

Service providers

Public switched telephone network

The number of public switched telephone network (PSTN) subscribers in Bangladesh as of February 2009 was 1.372 million.^[7] PSTN operators in Bangladesh include:

Mobile phone operators

There are 6 mobile phone operators in Bangladesh, operating under the names of Airtel, Banglalink, Citycell, Grameenphone, Robi and TeleTalk. The number of mobile phone subscribers in Bangladesh as of April 2015 was 124.705 million,^[8] having risen from the February 2009 figure of 45.21 million.^[9]

Long distance operators (as per ILDTS Policy 2007)

On 25 February 2008 the Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission awarded licenses for two Interconnection Exchanges (ICX), three International Gateways (IGw), and one International Internet Gateway (IIG) to six firms through an open auction in February 2008. The incumbent BTTB got the same licenses too. And after then on 12 April 2012 the Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission awarded licenses for twenty one Interconnection Exchanges (ICX), twenty two International Gateways (IGw), and thirty International Internet Gateway (IIG)Here is the list of all operators:

International Gateway (IGW) operators

Interconnection Exchange (ICX) operators

International Internet Gateway (IIG) operator

Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider (IPTSP) operators

On 18 August 2009 the Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission commenced awarding licenses for IPTSP. IPTSP operators are regulated by the BTRC.^[11] Current IPTSP operators in Bangladesh are:

International Terrestrial Cable (ITC) operator

Radio

Radio broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 12, shortwave 2, community radio 1, internet radios

The government owned Betar-Radio Bangladesh operates from Dhaka and other local districts. Currently, the private FM radio channels are very popular. They are trying to attract young people by broadcasting music and news. The operating private radio channels include:

Television

As of 2012 there are 23 broadcast television stations in Bangladesh, including the state-run BTV and BTV World, with 20 million television sets in the country.

The number of private satellite channels is growing. The first private channel in Bangladesh was ATN Bangla. There are 5 full-fledged news channels (Somoy TV, ATN News, Independent Television, Ekattor TV and Jamuna TV). Gaan Bangla,Channel-16 TV new name Music Bangla the first full-time music channel in Bangladesh, commenced operations by 16 December 2011.

Internet

The first connectivity in Bangladesh with the internet was in 1996. Though it was somewhat late, over the past few years growth has been rapid. The government's high internet tariff is impeding the growth of this sector.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Recently the government has decided to reduce the tariff 50%.^[12]

As of 2005 more than 180 Internet Service Providers are operating in the country.^[13] ISP's are regulated by the Bangladesh telecommunication regulatory commission (BTRC).

The number of internet users in Bangladesh as of March 2009 is over 600,000, compared to 100,000 in 2000.^[14] However, only 0.3% of the population use the internet, thus making Bangladesh the lowest usage percentage per population of the internet in the world with the exception of North Korea, Myanmar and Sierra Leone.^[15]

In April 2010 Akhtaruzzaman Manju, president of the Internet Service Providers' Association of Bangladesh, told Xinhua that the country's six cell phone operators and Internet Service Providers have so far provided over 800,000 internet connections. "We've estimated that nearly 10 million people in the country are using 800,000 internet connections on a shared basis," he said, adding the number of internet users in the country is increasing yearly by around 15–16 percent.^[16]

A 2009 study by the Boston Consulting Group found that the number of Internet subscribers in Bangladesh is likely to reach 18.3 million by the year 2020, equivalent to a 32 percent household Internet penetration, which will result in a 2.6 per cent contribution to the country's GDP while creating 129,000 more jobs, the research added.^[17]

Broadband Internet access

Though broadband internet access is available, the cost of high speed connection is higher than in other south Asian countries. Broadband internet and e-commerce in Bangladesh is slowly progressing. WiMAX service is now available from some internet service providers. In Bangladesh broadband is legally defined as 128/128 kbit/s, which is not in line with ITU standards.^[18]

International

There are 6 satellite earth stations. Talimabad, Betbunia are two of them. Some info shows that the number is now 7. Bangladesh has send its first ever satellite Bangabandhu-1 into space in MAY 11 2018.

Submarine cables

Bangladesh is connected to SEA-ME-WE 4 or SMW-4 (South-East Asia – Middle East – Western Europe 4) and SEA-ME-WE 5 submarine cable systems. The landing site of the SMW-4 Bangladesh branch is located in Cox's Bazaar and the landing site of the SMW-5 Bangladesh branch is located in Kuakata. The two submarine cables provide the Country with Redundancy to support uninterrupted internet and long distance communications and also with a huge bandwidth. Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited is the only submarine cable operator in Bangladesh.^[19]

See also

References

1. ^Chronological Development of Telecommunication {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706132205/http://www.btcl.gov.bd/home/main/museum/museum.php |date=6 July 2011 }}
2. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Enters 3G Era, Putting Telecom Growth on Fast Track |author= |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/news/2012/10/14/bangladesh-enters-3g-era-putting-telecom-growth-on-fast-track-report/ |newspaper=Fox Business |date=14 October 2012 |accessdate=4 November 2012}}
3. ^{{cite news |title=Teletalk Launches Bangladesh's First 3G Network |author= |url=http://www.cellular-news.com/story/56851.php |newspaper=Cellular News |date=15 October 2012 |accessdate=4 November 2012}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.robi.com.bd/media-room/press-release/robi-sets-sail-as-the-merged-company?lang=eng|title=Robi sets sail as the Merged Company|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=ফোরজি সেবা পেতে যা করতে হবে |author= |url=http://www.prothomalo.com/technology/article/1434296/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87|newspaper=Prothom-alo |date=18 February 2018 |accessdate=21 February 2018}}
6. ^National Telecommunications Policy 1998 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706132600/http://www.btrc.gov.bd/policy/Telecom_Policy_1998.pdf |date=6 July 2011 }}
7. ^Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403164021/http://www.btrc.gov.bd/newsandevents/pstn_phone_subscribers/pstn_phone_subscribers_february_2009.php |date=3 April 2009 }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.btrc.gov.bd/content/mobile-phone-subscribers-bangladesh-april-2015 |title=mobile-phone-subscribers-bangladesh-april-2015 |publisher=BTRC }}
9. ^Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508061431/http://www.btrc.gov.bd/newsandevents/mobile_phone_subscribers/mobile_phone_subscribers_february_2009.php |date=8 May 2009 }}
10. ^{{Cite web|title = Songbird Telecom Limited|url = http://www.songbirdtelecom.com/about.html|website = www.songbirdtelecom.com|accessdate = 11 August 2015}}
11. ^Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider (IPTSP) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007033809/http://www.btrc.gov.bd/licensing/operators/iptsp/iptsp.pdf |date=7 October 2009 }}
12. ^Xinhua {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120222754/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-12/31/content_7343711.htm |date=20 January 2008 }}
13. ^ISPs association Bangladesh {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319142005/http://www.ispabd.org/news.php |date=19 March 2008 }}
14. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSDHA15446520090506 #BD mobile Internet Usage Stats ]
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2?order=wbapi_data_value_2008+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&cid=GPD_44 |title=Internet users (per 100 people) | Data | Table |publisher=Data.worldbank.org |date= |accessdate=17 May 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews/articleid/4072376 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-07-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503043842/http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews/articleid/4072376 |archivedate=3 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/2010/01/22/90219.html |title=Internet subscribers may reach 18.3m by 2020 |publisher=Financial Express (Bangladesh) |date=22 January 2010 |accessdate=9 April 2015}}
18. ^{{cite web|author=spumail |url=http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/birthofbroadband/faq.html |title=Birth of Broadband – Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Itu.int |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=17 May 2013}}
19. ^http://www.bsccl.com.bd