| 词条 | Samish Indian Nation |
| 释义 |
|group=Samish Indian Nation |image=Fidalgo Island 28245.JPG |caption=View of Fidalgo Island |total=2,000 |total_ref=[1][2] |popplace={{flag|United States}} ({{flag|Washington}}) |rels=Traditional |langs=Samish, English[3] |related=Lummi, Saanich, Semiahmoo, Songhees, and Sooke peoples[4] }} The Samish Indian Nation is a Coast Salish nation and a signatory to the Treaty of Point Elliott of 1855. Samish has a government-to-government relationship with the United States of America.[5] The Samish are a Northern Straits branch of Central Coast Salish peoples.[4] The Samish Nation is headquartered in Anacortes, Fidalgo Island, in Washington, north of Puget Sound. Other Samish people are enrolled in the Lummi Nation and the Swinomish Tribe.[6] The Washington state ferry Samish, dedicated in summer 2015, is named for the Samish Nation. HistoryThe Samish Nation is a signatory to the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855; ravaged by introduced diseases, only 150 Samish people remained of an earlier population of 2,000.[2] The treaty established several reservations in the area, including nearby Swinomish, but many Samish chose to remain on islands in their ancestral areas, among them Fidalgo, Guemes and the San Juans. The Samish Nation was mistakenly left off of a BIA list of federally recognized indigenous nations in 1969, and subsequently was left out of a court ruling upholding treaty fishing rights. Samish won restoration of its federal recognition in 1996 and began acquiring land and working toward restoration of its treaty rights.[9] GovernmentThe Nation's headquarters is in Anacortes, Washington. The Nation is governed by a democratically elected council: {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Government departments: Chelángen, Education, Elders, Head Start/ELC, Health, Housing, Social Services, Natural Resources, Vocational Rehabilitation. The government's general manager is Leslie Eastwood, a member of the Samish Nation. Land baseThe Samish Nation's historical territory includes west Fidalgo Island, Guemes Island, Samish Island, Lopez Island, and southeast San Juan Island.[8] A 19th century promise of a reservation was not fulfilled, but the Samish Nation has been building a land base since the 1990s. The Samish Nation now owns more than 200 acres, including 78 acres held in trust at Campbell Lake on Fidalgo Island. Other lands: Fidalgo Bay Resort, site of landings during the annual Canoe Journey; Huckleberry Island, which was granted to Samish by the State of Washington with the provision that it remain open for public use; additional acreage on Campbell Lake; agricultural land on Thomas Creek; a proposed commercial-development site on Highway 20 and Thompson Road in Anacortes; the Samish Nation administration complex on Commercial Avenue in downtown Anacortes; Samish Longhouse preschool and child care center; the Samish Health and Human Services building and property on Commercial Avenue in downtown Anacortes; and uplands and oyster beds on Mud Bay on Lopez Island.[9] Language and cultureThrough cooperative agreements and cultural exchanges fostered by the Samish Nation, numerous ancestral objects have been returned to Samish, among them a house post from the last longhouse on Guemes Island (Burke Museum); a canoe believed to date from ca. 1855 (San Juan Island Historical Museum); and 11 baskets, four hats, two cattail mats, two weaving shuttles, two mesh sticks used in making nets, a wooden serving dish, a wooden water bucket, a piece of twine, and a stone hammer (Karshner Museum and Center for Culture and Arts). While English is commonly spoken, the traditional language is Samish, a dialect of Straits Salish, a Central Salish language. The Nation's language preservation program has recorded more than 60 hours of interviews with fluent speakers;[1] language program coordinator George Adams (Syélpxen) teaches the Samish language. Artist-in-Residence William Bailey (Tsul-ton) leads the Beaver Lodge Carving Circle, where Samish people can learn carving and other traditional arts. The Nation hosts Camp Samish every year. Regularly-scheduled classes give Samish people the opportunity to learn basket making, hat making, and other cedar work. The Samish Canoe Family participates in the annual Canoe Journey and, with the Swinomish Canoe Family, presents a cultural day that is open to the public at Deception Pass State Park. Notable Samish
Notes1. ^1 "Samish Indian Nation." Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013. 2. ^1 Johnson, Jean. "Homeless No More: Samish Land Restored." Indian Country Today. 8 Dec 2004. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013. 3. ^"Salish, Straits." Ethnologue. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013. 4. ^1 Pritzker 189 5. ^List of federally recognized tribes 6. ^http://www.swinomish-nsn.gov/ 7. ^"Tribal Government." Samish Indian Nation. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013. 8. ^Pritzker 202 9. ^1 http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/07/06/legislation-would-provide-permanent-protection-samish-land-121859 10. ^Jeff Morris (Washington politician) 11. ^http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/06/25/culture-bearers-5-carvers-who-kept-northwest-coast-carving-alive-part-1-155460?page=0%2C1 12. ^https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/06/us/indians-become-foes-in-bid-for-tribal-rights.html 13. ^http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Ken-Hansen-1952-2006-Samish-leader-fought-to-1210165.php References
External links
5 : Coast Salish governments|Native American tribes in Washington (state)|Geography of Skagit County, Washington|Federally recognized tribes in the United States|Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast |
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