| 词条 | Television in the Netherlands |
| 释义 |
ReceptionIn the Netherlands, television can be watched analog or digital (the latter with the option of HDTV or 3D). Over 2013, 78.3% of Dutch viewers received television digitally.[2] Analogue television is only available via some cable operators and some fiber to the home providers, since the Dutch government ended analogue reception via airwaves in 2006. Dutch largest cable company Ziggo began to phase out the analogue signal in 2018.[3][4] Watching digital television is possible through a variety of ways, the most common being:
Which television channels can be received is heavily dependent on the operator and in most cases also the channel package that is paid for. However, there is a small selection of channels that every operator must carry. Since 2014, these are the following channels:[5]
Public channelsThe Netherlands has three nationwide channels for publicly funded television (NPO). These channels can only make a fixed maximum amount of money from commercials. These commercials never interrupt broadcasts, and are only shown in between shows. The broadcasting organisations that use these channels are basically representative of the Dutch society. Every broadcasting company has members and the number of members gives them a status that is connected to the number of hours of broadcasting. If you are planning to 'go public' on Dutch television you need to have 50.000 members and something new to add to the existing broadcasting conglomerate. Granting or refusal of entry is decided politically on the guidance of public opinion. In 2005 there was a sharp political debate over government plans to cut funding to public broadcasters and to abolish statutory broadcaster NPS. NationalThe three national television channels are:
ThematicThe five digital television channels that are provided by the Nederlandse Publieke Omroep organisation, are:
InternationalThere is also an international public channel:
RegionalMost regions and provinces have their own television channel as well. These also receive government funding:
Commercial channelsRTL Nederland
Talpa Network
Viacom International Media Networks Europe
Sony Pictures Television
Ziggo
AMC Networks International
NBCUniversal International Networks
Discovery
The Walt Disney Company
BBC Studios
Turner Broadcasting System
Stingray Digital
Muziekkiosk
RadioCorp BV
OtherThe following (international) commercial channels broadcast localized versions of their programs:
Foreign domestic channelsWhile there are many localised versions of international channels meant for the Dutch market, many television providers also broadcast 'domestic television' networks as part of the basic subscription package. Other 'domestic' channels may be received as part of extended packages. Many basic subscriptions include: Belgium
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Italy
Other
High-definitionIn the Netherlands customers can receive high-definition television channels by cable or satellite. There is no terrestrial HD service available at the moment. Although KPN is switching its digital terrestrial television platform to the DVB-T2 HEVC standard, making HD possibile in the future.[7] The first trials with high-definition television in the Netherlands began in 2006 with the broadcast of the 2006 World Cup in HD. After the trial the larger cable companies continued a HD service with a small number of channels such as National Geographic Channel HD, Discovery HD Showcase, History HD, Film1 HD and Sport1 HD. The demand for HD was low because no Dutch network had made the move to HD, already broadcasting in widescreen and the quality of the standard-definition PAL signal was good enough for most people. Since the 2006 trials none of the main Dutch networks made the move to HD. This changed in the summer of 2008 when from 1 June 2008 until 24 August 2008, the Netherlands Public Broadcasting (NPO) organisations made their primary channel, Nederland 1 temporary available in HD. This made it possible to broadcast Euro 2008, the 2008 Tour de France, and the 2008 Summer Olympics in HD and additionally allowed them to test their systems before the scheduled launch of their permanent HD service in early 2009. The NPO planned to launch their permanent HD service with HD versions of their three channels Nederland 1, Nederland 2, and Nederland 3. Most of the programming in the early stages consisted of upscaled material from their SD channels as in time more programs will became available in HD.[8] Technicolor Netherlands, the company responsible for the technical realisation of the broadcasts of the NPOs television and radio channels, began the summer 2008 test broadcast of Nederland 1 1 HD in 720p/50 as the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) recommends. During the test period an additional 1080i/25 version of the channel was made available to the cable companies because of quality complaints from viewers. In 2009 the NPO decided to adopt the 1080i/25 HD standard.[9] The main commercial broadcasting organizations in the Netherlands the SBS Broadcasting Group (NET 5, SBS 6, Veronica) and the channels of RTL Nederland followed in HD via cable and satellite, using the same HD standard as the NPO. Ultra-high-definitionThe first television channels in 4K UHD were officially launched in the Netherlands in 2017. In April 2017 satellite provider CanalDigitaal added Insight TV 4K UHD in its channel line-up.[10] After more than a year of testing KPN launched ultra-high-definition television on 1 July 2017, with Xite 4K and Hispasat 4K TV.[11][12] Eurosport 4K launched in the Netherlands on 5 June 2018.[13] NPO 1 launched its first trials with ultra-high-definition television through KPN, CanalDigitaal and some minor networks on 14 June 2018, using the HLG-standard.[14][15][16] Defunct or rebranded channels
Television in other languagesTo serve those who have another native language than Dutch, there are few television channels in the Netherlands broadcasting in one of the regional languages of The Netherlands. Those broadcasting in English usually target an international audience as well. Most of these channels broadcast through the internet only or have a very limited broadcasting area, with Omrop Fryslân as most notable exception. These channels are:
Timeline{{Timeline Dutch television}}See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://southholland.angloinfo.com/countries/holland/tv.asp|title=Television, Satellite & Radio Stations in the Netherlands|publisher=}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Stichting Kijkonderzoek|title=Television in the Netherlands, 2013|url=https://kijkonderzoek.nl/images/TV_in_Nederland/SKOTV_IN_NEDERLAND_2013.pdf|publisher=Stichting KijkOnderzoek|accessdate=7 April 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.vodafoneziggo.nl/286/ziggo-maakt-tv-aanbod-volledig-digitaal |title=Ziggo maakt tv-aanbod volledig digitaal |date=8 March 2018 |publisher=VodafoneZiggo |language=Dutch |trans-title=Ziggo makes TV-offer fully digital }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://tweakers.net/nieuws/136069/ziggo-begint-in-april-met-uitschakelen-van-analoog-tv-signaal.html |title=Ziggo begint in april met uitschakelen van analoog tv-signaal |author=Julian Huijbregts |date=8 March 2018 |language=Dutch |trans-title=Ziggo to start shutting down analogue TV signal in April |website=Tweakers }} 5. ^{{cite web|website=Rechtennieuws.nl|title=Tv kijker kan rekenen op minimaal 30 digitale zenders|url=https://rechtennieuws.nl/40751/tv-kijker-kan-rekenen-op-minimaal-30-digitale-zenders/|date=8 November 2013}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.totaaltv.nl/nieuws/9750/Ziggo_heeft_exclusieve_primeur_RTL_Telekids.html|title=Ziggo heeft exclusieve primeur RTL Telekids|date=July 24, 2012|publisher=Totaal TV|author=Jarco Kriek|language=nl}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nieuws/omschakeling-digitenne-dvbt2-en-hd-begint-op-1-oktober-in-het-noorden/ |title=Omschakeling Digitenne DVB-T2 en HD begint op 1 oktober in het noorden |accessdate=11 August 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek and Jan-Hein Visser |date=25 June 2018 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.marketingfacts.nl/berichten/nederland_1_2_en_3_in_2009_deels_in_hdtv/ |title=Nederland 1, 2 en 3 in 2009 deels in HDTV |accessdate=2009-10-21 |author=Paulo Lopes |date=2008-05-19 |work=Marketingfacts |language=Dutch}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://nl.hardware.info/nieuws/15786/publieke-omroep-hd-in-1080i-formaat |title=Publieke Omroep HD in 1080i formaat |accessdate=11 August 2018 |author=Eric van Ballegoie |date=23 June 2009 |work=Hardware.Info |language=Dutch}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nl/nieuws/canaldigitaal-voegt-ultra-hdzender-insight-tv-aan-aanbod-toe/ |title=CanalDigitaal voegt Ultra HD-zender Insight TV aan aanbod toe |accessdate=3 September 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek and Jan-Hein Visser |date=4 April 2017 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nl/nieuws/kpn-komt-eindelijk-met-ultra-hdabonnement/ |title=KPN komt eindelijk met Ultra HD-abonnement |accessdate=3 September 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek |date=5 May 2017 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nl/nieuws/kpn-officieel-met-ultra-hd-begonnen/ |title=KPN officieel met Ultra HD begonnen |accessdate=3 September 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek |date=3 July 2017 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nl/nieuws/eurosport-4k-bij-kpn/ |title=Eurosport 4K bij KPN |accessdate=3 September 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek |date=31 May 2018 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nieuws/canal-digitaal-begint-testuitzending-npo-1-uhd/ |title=Canal Digitaal begint testuitzending NPO 1 UHD |accessdate=3 September 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek |date=5 June 2018 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nl/nieuws/de-eerste-wankelende-uhdkinderstappen-npo-zijn-gezet/ |title=De eerste wankele UHD-stappen NPO zijn gezet |accessdate=3 September 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek |date=16 July 2018 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nl/nieuws/npo-1-uhd-bij-meer-aanbieders/ |title=NPO 1 UHD bij meer aanbieders |accessdate=3 September 2018 |author=Jarco Kriek |date=16 June 2018 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.totaaltv.nl/nl/nieuws/food-network-channel-in-nederland-beschikbaar/ |title=Food Network Channel in Nederland beschikbaar |accessdate=31 January 2019 |author=Jarco Kriek |date=20 April 2010 |work=TotaalTV.nl |language=Dutch}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/cultuur-media/op-zoek-naar-kwaliteit-voor-het-pluspakket~b1f054b4/ |title=Op zoek naar kwaliteit voor het pluspakket |accessdate=31 January 2019 |author=Noel van Bemmel & Ronald Ockhuysen |date=19 October 1996 |work=de Volkskrant |language=Dutch}} External links
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