| 词条 | San Andreas Creek |
| 释义 |
| name = San Andreas Creek[1] | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = San Andrés Creek,[2] | name_etymology = Saint Andrew | image = Millbrae, San Bruno, and San Andreas Lake.jpg | image_caption = San Andreas Creek's San Andreas Reservoir | image_size = 300 | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = California | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = San Francisco Peninsula | subdivision_type4 = County | subdivision_name4 = San Mateo County | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = East slope of Sweeney Ridge[3] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|37|37|01|N|122|27|29|W|type:river_region:US-CA|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|918|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = Confluence with Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir (originally with San Mateo Creek) | mouth_location = Pacifica, California | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|37|36|50|N|122|26|28|W|type:river_region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|285|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} San Andrés Creek (Spanish for: St. Andrew's Creek), now called San Andreas Creek, is a perennial stream that flows {{convert|5.9|mi|km}}[3] southeasterly along the San Andreas Fault from Sweeney Ridge in San Mateo County, California, providing the inflow to and outflow from San Andreas Reservoir, and then entering Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir, where it was a historic tributary to San Mateo Creek. San Mateo Creek then carries its waters over Crystal Springs Dam northeast to San Francisco Bay. HistoryAfter discovering San Francisco Bay from Sweeney Ridge on November 4, 1769, the Portolà expedition descended what Portolà called the Cañada de San Francisco, now known as San Andreas Creek, to camp just south of the San Mateo Creek canyon on a lake called by him Laguna Grande, now covered by Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir. The campsite is marked by California Historical Marker No. 94 "Portola Expedition Camp", located at Crystal Springs Dam, on Skyline Boulevard, 0.1 mi south of Crystal Springs Road.[4] After heading south and descending from the foothills along San Francisquito Creek to established his base camp at El Palo Alto, Portola retraced his steps and returned along San Andreas Creek to recross Sweeney Ridge and then via the coast back to San Diego. The San Andres Creek place name is shown on the Rancho de las Pulgas 1856 plat map.[5][6] Padre Palóu, on an expedition from Monterey to explore the western side of San Francisco Bay led by Captain Rivera, renamed Portola's Cañada de San Francisco to Cañada de San Andrés on November 30, 1774, it being the feast day of St. Andrew.[7] Captain Juan Bautista de Anza, after forging the first overland route from Monterey, California, to San Francisco Bay, explored the peninsula and selected the sites for Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores) and the Presidio of San Francisco. De Anza returned to Monterey via the Cañada de San Andrés and camped on the banks of San Mateo Creek on March 29, 1776. In de Anza's diary on March 29, 1776, he wrote: "Night having fallen, at a quarter past six I went down to the arroyo of San Andreas and to another, that of San Matheo, where it descends to empty into the estuary."[8] The two Crystal Springs lakes and San Andreas Lake used to be known as Spring Valley Lakes for the Spring Valley Water Company which owned them. The Spring Valley Water Company named the lakes, the Spring Valley Lakes, after the company. The original Spring Valley was between Mason and Taylor Streets, and Washington and Broadway Streets in San Francisco, where the water company started. When the company went south for more water, the Spring Valley name was carried south too.[9] WatershedSan Andreas Creek's source elevation is at approximately {{convert|900|ft|m}} on the eastern slopes of Sweeney Ridge from which it flows southeasterly along the San Andreas Rift between Sweeney Ridge to the west and Buri Buri Ridge to the east, through San Andreas Reservoir, which was formed by the construction of a {{convert|100|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} earth dam in 1868.[2][10] The San Andreas Dam eliminates flow in the creek immediately below the dams, except for occasional spills or releases from the reservoir and seepage through the dam.[11] From San Andreas Reservoir, the creek descends and enters the northeast arm of Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir. Historically San Andreas Creek joined San Mateo Creek just above the current location of the Crystal Springs Dam. The two Crystal Springs lakes and San Andreas Lake used to be known as Spring Valley Lakes for the Spring Valley Water Company, which owned them. Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir now covers the town of Crystal Springs, which grew up around a resort of the same name.[12][13] EcologyFog drip may play a key role in the precipitation in the upper watershed. On Cahill Ridge (just west of San Mateo Creek and east of Pilarcitos Creek, at an elevation of {{convert|1000|ft}}, Oberlander measured fog drip beneath tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), Coast redwood and three Douglas fir trees, the latter {{convert|125|ft}} tall. He found that the trees most exposed produced the most precipitation and in five weeks of measurement (July 20 – August 28, 1951) fog drip below the tanoak produced {{convert|59|in|mm}} of precipitation, more than the total annual precipitation on nearby grasslands and chaparral. The Douglas fir produced {{convert|7|to|17|in|mm}} of fog drip and appeared to provide unique conditions supporting the orchids giant helleborine (Epipactis gigantea) and phantom orchid (Cephalanthera austiniae), since these plants were found exclusively in these moist ridge tops.[14]See also
References1. ^{{cite gnis|2708059|San Andreas Creek}} 2. ^1 {{cite book |title=From Frontier to Suburb, The Story of the San Francisco Peninsula |author=Alan Hynding |year=1982 |publisher=Star Publishing Company |location=Belmont, California |page=15 |isbn=978-0-89863-056-5 }} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title=The National Map |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |accessdate=2011-11-08 }} 4. ^{{cite web |title=California Historical Landmarks |publisher=California State Parks Office of Historic Preservation |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=21520 |accessdate=2011-10-30 }} 5. ^{{cite book |title=California Place Names |author=Erwin Gustav Gudde |page=C-261 |year=1974 |publisher=University of California Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-22djGNuhwC&pg=SL3-PA261&lpg=SL3-PA261&dq=gudde+raimundo&source=bl&ots=-LJH-BRRJR&sig=mFJNYGnq5XoxLpJhryD18WQvAXU&hl=en&ei=dniSTvXCLvLWiAL17JzNCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=2011-10-30 }} 6. ^{{cite map |title=Diseño del Rancho de las Pulgas : San Mateo Co., Calif. |author=United States. District Court (California : Northern District). Land case. 54 |publisher=The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley |year=1856 |url=http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb3t1nb14h/?docId=hb3t1nb14h&layout=printable-details |accessdate=2011-10-30 }} 7. ^{{cite book |title=California's geographic names: a gazetteer of historic and modern names of the state |author=David L. Durham |page=694 |publisher=Quill Driver Books |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-884995-14-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfa0hmE7yocC&pg=PA650&lpg=PA650&dq=laguna+creek+san+mateo&source=bl&ots=nGR2LVZ1cH&sig=JCiTJkLn8M2IvRPpBLkRtINBycw&hl=en&ei=pSc9TLrtFoH0swPJ48naCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CDYQ6AEwCA#v=snippet&q=san%20andreas%20lake&f=false |accessdate=2011-10-30 }} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Diary of Juan Bautista de Anza October 23, 1775 - June 1, 1776 |author=de Anza, Juan Bautista |year=1776 |url=http://anza.uoregon.edu/Action.lasso?-database=A76&-layout=standard&-op=bw&pg2=153&-response=format/A76pg2fmt.html&-maxRecords=10&-noresultserror=anzaweb/sorry.html&-search |accessdate=2011-10-30 |publisher=University of Oregon Web de Anza pages }} 9. ^{{cite book |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |authors=Erwin G. Gudde, William Bright |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kqwt5RlMVBoC&q=spring+valley+#v=snippet&q=spring%20valley&f=false |page=372 |accessdate=2011-10-30 |publisher=University of California Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-520-24217-3 }} 10. ^{{cite gnis|1663355|San Andreas 10-010 Dam}} 11. ^{{cite report |title=San Francisco Peninsula Streams and Reservoirs, in WSIP Water Supply and System Operations – Setting and Impacts |page=5.5.1–5 |url=http://www.sf-planning.org/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=7999 |accessdate=2011-10-30 }} 12. ^{{cite book |title=California's geographic names: a gazetteer of historic and modern names of the state |author=David L. Durham |page=658 |publisher=Quill Driver Books |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-884995-14-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfa0hmE7yocC&pg=PA650&lpg=PA650&dq=laguna+creek+san+mateo&source=bl&ots=nGR2LVZ1cH&sig=JCiTJkLn8M2IvRPpBLkRtINBycw&hl=en&ei=pSc9TLrtFoH0swPJ48naCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CDYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=lower%20crystal%20springs%20reservoir&f=false |accessdate=2011-10-30 }} 13. ^{{cite book |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |page=97 |authors=Erwin G. Gudde, William Bright |publisher=University of California Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-520-24217-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kqwt5RlMVBoC&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=lagunas+grande+san+mateo&source=bl&ots=3tnghagXqS&sig=LWbvKNrigMj8AzBK0rOVqahhDMc&hl=en&ei=U3F1TuLnKsbSiAK4-JyzAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=crystal%20springs&f=false |accessdate=2011-10-30 }} 14. ^{{cite journal |title=Summer Fog Precipitation on the San Francisco Peninsula |author=G. T. Oberlander |journal=Ecology |date=October 1956 |jstor=1933081 |volume=37 |pages=851–852 |doi=10.2307/1933081}} 4 : Rivers of San Mateo County, California|Santa Cruz Mountains|Rivers of Northern California|Tributaries of San Francisco Bay |
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