“Sar language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Sar language

释义

Phonology
References
External links

{{distinguish|Sar language (Indonesia)}}{{Infobox language
|name=Sar
|nativename=Madjingay
|states=Chad
|speakers={{sigfig|183,000|2}}
|date=1993 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
|fam2=Central Sudanic
|fam3=Bongo–Bagirmi
|fam4=Sara languages
|fam5=East
|dia1=Sar
|dia2=Nar
|iso3=mwm
|glotto=sarr1246
|glottorefname=Sar
}}

Sar or Sara, also known as Madjingay and Sara Madjingay is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of southern Chad, and the lingua franca of regional capital of Sarh.

Phonology

The consonants are as follows.^[1]

		Labial		Alveolar		Retroflex	Postalveolar /Palatal	Velar
		plain	implosive	plain	implosive	Retroflex	Postalveolar /Palatal	Velar
Stop/ affricate	tenuis	p}}	t}}	k}}
	voiced	b}}	ɓ}}	d}}	ɗ}}	ɡ}}
	prenasalized	m͡b}}	n͡d}}	ŋ͡ɡ}}
Affricate	voiced	d͡ʒ}}
Affricate	prenasalized	n͡dʒ}}
Fricative		s}}
Nasal		m}}	n}}
Liquid	oral	l}}	ɽ}}
Liquid	nasalized	ɽ̃}}
Semi-vowel	oral	j}}	w}}
Semi-vowel	nasalized	j̃}}

Vowels and nasal vowels are as follows:

Front	Central	Back
Close	i ĩ	u ũ
Mid	e ẽ	o õ
Mid	ə	ɔ
Open	a ã

There are three tones.^[2]^[3]

Tone	Example	Gloss
high	ɡáŋɡá}}	drum
mid	māl}}	scavenger
low	jàbə̀}}	hippopotamus
nasal	tã	sauce

References

1. ^{{fr}} Fournier, Maurice, Les consonnes du sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 37-44, Paris, SELAF, 1977, {{ISBN|2-85297-019-8}}
2. ^{{fr}} Moundo Ndimajibay, Nei-Balway, Les limites des modifications en sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 45-58, Paris, SELAF, 1977, {{ISBN|2-85297-019-8}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/index.php/PanAfrLoc/Sara|title=PanAfriL10n - PanAfrLoc - Sara|last=|first=|date=|website=PanAfrican Localisation Resource Wiki|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-03-07}}

External links

The Sara-Bagirmi Language Project -- Sar

2 : Bongo-Bagirmi languages|Languages of Chad

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