“Satsop Hills”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Satsop Hills are foothills of the Olympic Mountains in Mason County, Washington north of Matlock, Washington, between Wynoochee Lake to the west and Lake Cushman to the east.{{sfn|Raisz|1989}}

Geography

The Satsop River, with a {{convert|300|sqmi|adj=on}} watershed, rises in the hills and flows south to the Chehalis River.{{sfn|Smith|Wenger|2001|p=43}} Where the river rises, {{convert|160|in}} of annual precipitation qualifies as a temperate rainforest, a term used applied to the Satsop watershed by some publications.{{sfn|Smith|Wenger|2001|p=43}}{{sfn|Landers|2008|p=161}}{{sfn|Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center|2013|p=1}} The Wynoochee Oxbow meteorological station on the west end of the hills ({{coord|47|17|57|N|123|39|07|W|name=Wynoochee Oxbow}}) has both the highest average annual rainfall and the second highest ever recorded in the continental United States.{{sfn|Ahrens|2008|p=357}}{{sfn|NOAA|1999}} The hills lie partly in the Olympic National Forest but not quite in the Olympic National Park. In a 1916 geological survey, hills in the vicinity of Matlock were included with the Black Hills of Thurston County, but may have been describing formations on the East Fork of the Satsop, to the south of the area described above.{{efn|"The north limits [of the Black Hills] would then extend as far as Hoodsport on Hood Canal. The western limits would extend from Hoodsport southwesterly to Matlock and thence to McCleary ... [I]n the vicinity of Matlock they form a low divide between the Puget Sound basin and Grays Harbor. From Matlock the elevation of this divide gradually increases and soon merges into a high rugged spur of the Olympic Mountains..."{{sfn|Weaver|1916|p=137}}}}{{sfn|Schuster|2005}}

Peaks

History

Forest fires have struck the hills repeatedly. The term "Satsop hills" has been used at least since 1885 when the Morning Oregonian used it to describe the location of forest fires.{{efn|"Heavy fires are raging in Mason County. At Shelton's Point the loggers are fighting it. Opposite that point Willey has had to remove his camp. Men are on watch along the Satsop railroad to prevent the fire from burning the logs, of which there are several hundred thousand feet. On the Satsop hills heavy fires are running, and large numbers of elk have been driven down in consequence." (emphasis added){{sfn|Morning Oregonian|1885}}}}

In September, 1902, "catastrophic" fires burned across Southwest Washington, including a burn from Elma to Shelton on Puget Sound that destroyed one million board feet of lumber at a mill in the hills above Elma, and uncounted volumes of live trees. On September 12, the county seat, Montesano experienced darkness at noon. A one- to two-mile wide swath of timber was completely burned from Elma to Summit Lake, 13 miles west.{{sfn|Tacoma Public Library|2004}}

Several fire lookouts were built on peaks in the 20th century as listed above as part of a national effort to control fires.

Fugitive John Tornow

The hills were the hideout of John Tornow, a fugitive who lived in the hills for 19 months in the 1910s. He was accused of murdering several people including two nephews, and was eventually found and killed there by the then Chehalis County sheriff's deputy in 1913.{{sfn|Gibson|2001|p=36|ps= he lived on "a homestead on the upper Satsop River"}}{{sfn|Lindstrom|2014}}{{efn|"two quick shots slammed through the Satsop hills and the two boys were dead"{{sfn|Van Syckle|1982}}}}

Transportation

The hills are crossed by extensive logging roads and an abandoned logging railroad formerly operated by Simpson Timber Company.{{sfn|Hawthorn|2003}}{{sfn|Milliman|2014}} The Vance Creek Bridge, {{convert|347|ft}}^[6] above Vance Creek ({{coord|47|20|04|N|123|19|17|W}}), was the highest railroad bridge in the United States and remains among the twenty highest bridges in the country.{{sfn|Marshall|1981}}

Wildlife

Deer and Roosevelt Elk herds are in the hills, as well as black bear, cougars and game birds including grouse and "the largest population of mountain quail in the state". Elk are probably migratory and move in and out of the Olympic National Park.{{efn|"Elk in GMU 636 can primarily be found in the upper Wynoochee River valley, the Skokomish River valley, and near the town of Matlock, WA. Although some herds remain non-migratory, we have documented migratory movement from the upper Wynoochee to the Olympic National Parkand the North Fork Skokomish River at Lake Cushman, as well as movement up the South Fork Skokomish river valley into the Olympic National Park."{{sfn|WDFW|2014}}}}{{sfn|Beerbower|2014}}

Sasquatch are reported to live in the hills, with 22 reported sightings as of 2014,{{sfn|Grays Harbor Tourism|2014}} including a case discovered by a sheriff's deputy in 1982 and investigated by an Idaho State University biologist in 2004.{{sfn|Meldrum|2004}}

Recreation

Recreation in the hills includes canoeing and kayaking, camping, fishing, hunting and hiking.{{sfn|WDFW|2014}}{{sfn|Landers|2008|pp=159–163}}{{sfn|Forest Service|2014}}{{sfn|Washington State Parks|2009}}{{sfn|Smith|Wenger|2001|p=29}} Schafer State Park, part of the Washington State Parks system, is on the Satsop River in the low hills at an altitude of {{convert|125|ft}};^[7] Truman Glick County Park ({{convert|35|acre|abbr=on}}) is along the abandoned railroad on the southern side of the hills.{{sfn|Hawthorn|2003}}{{sfn|Mason County Parks|2014}} Hiking destinations noted in printed and online guides include Satsop Lakes ({{coord|47|25|25|N|123|30|37|W|display=inline}}),{{sfn|Forest Service|2014}} Spoon Creek Falls,{{sfn|Romano|2007|p=114}}{{sfn|Wood|2010|p=242}} South Mountain, a {{convert|3044|ft|adj=on}} "moderately well known winter hiking destination" in Mason County,^[8]^[9] and Vance Creek Bridge, "made famous from millions of Instagram, Facebook, Tumblr and Twitter images" and though on closed private land, was "one of the more popular destinations on the Olympic Peninsula".{{sfn|Milliman|2014}}

The Grays Harbor County high point is a {{convert|4880|foot|adj=on}} peak near a slightly higher peak in Mason County unofficially named {{vanchor|Wynoochee Point}}, sought by highpointing enthusiasts; it is on the Grays Harbor–Mason County line in the Satsop Hills or nearby in the adjacent Wynoochee watershed ({{coord|47|29|42|N|123|30|22|W}}).{{sfn|Roper|1994}}{{sfn|Slayden|2004}}{{sfn|Wolcott|1961}}

Footnotes

References

1. ^¹{{gnis|1525148|Rock Peak}}
2. ^{{citation|title=Topographic Map Summit Features in Mason County, Washington|publisher=TopoZone|url=http://www.topozone.com/states/washington.asp?county=Mason&feature=Summit}}
3. ^http://www.firelookout.com/wa/duskpeak.html
4. ^http://www.firelookout.com/wa/grisdalehill.html
5. ^http://www.firelookout.com/wa/southmtn.html
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.highestbridges.com/wiki/index.php?title=Vance_Creek_Bridge |title=Vance Creek Bridge |date=10 December 2009 |work=HighestBridges.com |publisher=Eric Sakowski |accessdate=1 November 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912224628/http://highestbridges.com/wiki/index.php?title=Vance_Creek_Bridge |archivedate=12 September 2016 |deadurl=no}}
7. ^{{Cite gnis | id = 1508146 | name = Schafer State Park | accessdate = 2014-11-03 }}
8. ^{{cite summitpost|title=South Mountain|publisher=Summitpost.org|id=881400|accessdate=2014-11-03}}
9. ^{{cite peakbagger|title=South Mountain|id=25093|accessdate=2014-11-03}}