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词条 Saverne Tunnel
释义

  1. Background

  2. Construction

  3. Characteristics

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}{{Infobox tunnel
| name = Saverne Tunnel
| image = Tunnel de saverne tête ouest 2013 2.JPG
| image_size =
| alt = Twin tunnel entrance in hillside. A short, grey arch bridge is in the upper right background.
| caption = Western portal in 2013, during construction.
| official_name = Tunnel de Saverne
| line = LGV Est
| location = Arrondissement of Saverne, Bas-Rhin, Grand Est, France
| coordinates = {{coord|48.78028|N|7.36639|E|display=inline,title}}
| status = Completed
| system = TGV
| start = Eckartswiller[1]
| end = Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne[1]
| startwork = October 2010
| opened = 3 July 2016[3]
| owner = SNCF[2]
| operator = SNCF
| traffic = Train
| character = Passenger (High-speed rail)
| engineer = BG Consulting Engineers
| construction = February 2011 – December 2013[3]
| length = {{convert|4000|m|mi|sigfig=3}}[4]
| linelength = {{convert|8000|m|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} (total of both lines, one per tunnel)
| notrack = single (one per tunnel)
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| el = 25 kV 50 Hz OHLE
| speed = {{convert|320|km/h|mph}}
| height =
| width = {{convert|8.90|m|abbr=on}}[4]
| grade = 1.9% (average; 70 m difference between west and east portals)[4]
| map =
| extra =
}}

The Saverne Tunnel ({{lang-fr|Tunnel de Saverne}}), also known as the Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne Tunnel ({{lang-fr|Tunnel d'Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne}}),[5] is a twin-bore, high-speed rail tunnel in western Bas-Rhin, France. It carries the LGV Est line of France's TGV high-speed rail network through the narrowest part of the Vosges mountain range, beneath Mont Saint-Michel and adjacent to the Saverne Pass. The tunnel consists of two bores, containing one railroad track each, that are connected by passageways every {{convert|500|m}}. The LGV Est crosses the {{convert|270|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} Haspelbaechel viaduct near the western end of the tunnel. The tunnel was excavated by a tunnel boring machine between November 2011 and February 2013. Civil engineering work on the tunnel ended in April 2014 and it opened with the rest of the second phase of the LGV Est on 3 July 2016.[3] The total cost of the tunnel was approximately €200 million.[11]

Background

{{further|LGV Est}}

The Saverne Tunnel was constructed as part of the second phase of the LGV Est européenne (often shortened to LGV Est).[12] to connect Paris and Strasbourg—the principal city of the Grand Est region and home to several European institutions, including the Council of Europe.[12][6] The first phase across {{convert|300|km}} of relatively flat land from Vaires-sur-Marne (near Paris) to Baudrecourt (near Metz and Nancy) opened in 2007.[12] The second phase traverses {{convert|106|km|abbr=on}} of rougher terrain from Baudrecourt to Vendenheim (near Strasbourg).[12] Opened in 2016, it further reduced travel time between Paris and Strasbourg from 2h20min to 1h50min and reduced travel time from Luxembourg City to Strasbourg from 2h10min to 1h25min.[12] The Saverne Tunnel crosses the northern Vosges at its narrowest point[18] and is adjacent to the Saverne Pass, which already contains the A4 autoroute, Departmental Route 219, and remnants of an ancient Roman road.[11][7]

The line was originally built for Réseau Ferré de France (RFF), which owned and operated the infrastructure of the French national railway network.[12] In a government restructuring of the French railroad network, RFF was merged into SNCF on 1 January 2015 and is now a subdivision of SNCF known as SNCF Réseau.[8]

Construction

The tunnel was part of the Lot 47 segment of the LGV Est for the contracting and construction. Lot 47 consisted of the Saverne Tunnel, the adjacent Haspelbaechel viaduct, and an additional {{convert|3.3|km}} of the LGV line through the communes of Danne-et-Quatre-Vents in Moselle and Eckartswiller, Saint-Jean-Saverne, and Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne in Bas-Rhin.[12] In September 2010, RFF awarded a €184.3 million design-build contract for Lot 47 to a consortium of 13 companies, led by {{Interlanguage link multi|Dodin Campenon-Bernard|fr}}.[3][25] The Saverne Tunnel was built by Spie Batignolles and Dodin Campenon-Bernard,[4][9] at a cost of approximately €200 million.[10]

The two bores of the Saverne Tunnel were excavated with a {{convert|110|m|abbr=on|adj=on}}, {{convert|2200|tonne|adj=on}} tunnel boring machine (TBM), manufactured by Herrenknecht. The TBM was used to excavate {{convert|3820|m|abbr=on}} of the {{convert|4200|m|sigfig=3|abbr=on|adj=on}} tunnel, the remainder consisting of false tunnel constructed at both ends.[18] The TBM was christened Charlotte—in honor of a girl from a nearby village—in a ceremony on 25 October 2011.[11] It began excavation of the first bore on 10 November 2011 from the eastern side of Mont Saint-Michel and completed the first bore over a month ahead of schedule on 19 June 2012.[12][13] For the first bore, 1932 rings were installed, using 15,456 precast concrete lining segments (8 per ring). The TBM excavated {{convert|307000|m3}} of earth at an average speed of {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} per day.[12]

Excavation of the second bore began on 26 September 2012 and finished on 25 February 2013.[14] The {{convert|730000|m3|abbr=on}}[14] of earth excavated during tunneling was used to construct embankments in nearby sections of the LGV Est line.[18] In total, 30,960 precast concrete lining segments were used.[14] Concreting of the final interconnecting passage was completed on 24 June 2013, marking the end of construction of the tunnel walls.[38] On 14 April 2014, civil engineering work on the tunnel was completed, but railroad signaling and equipment still needed to be installed.[15]

Service on the LGV Est line was originally scheduled to begin on 3 April 2016;[16] however, a fatal accident that occurred elsewhere on the new line in November 2015 during commissioning tests delayed the opening of the line until 3 July 2016.[17]

Characteristics

The tunnel lies beneath Mont Saint-Michel, beside the Col de Saverne, and within the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park, a Natura 2000 site.[18][10]

It is located close to the border with the department of Moselle and within three communes of the department of Bas-Rhin: Eckartswiller, Saint-Jean-Saverne, Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne.[18]

The tunnel is part of the LGV Est high-speed rail line, which will connect Paris with Strasbourg. The line is also a part of the Main line for Europe trans-European high-speed rail line from Paris to Bratislava, Slovakia.[19]

The tunnel is {{convert|4200|m|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} in length and consists of two bores, each carrying one rail line flanked by a maintenance walkway and an emergency evacuation walkway. The two bores are connected every {{convert|500|m|abbr=on}} by an interconnecting passage.[20][21]{{Rp|7}} The tunnel has been built for a maximum speed of {{convert|350|km/h}}—{{convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}} in commercial operation.[22][21]{{Rp|5}} It will be remotely monitored from the SNCF Réseau command center at Pagny-sur-Moselle.[20]

Adjacent to the western portal, the LGV Est traverses the {{convert|270|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} Haspelbaechel viaduct, which travels up to {{convert|35|m|abbr=on}} above the Haspelbaechel valley.[23]

References

1. ^1 {{Cite map |publisher= Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière |title=Géoportail |url=http://tab.geoportail.fr/ |access-date=23 June 2016 |language=French |at="Croix de Langenthal, 67700 Saint-Jean-Saverne" with the "Parcelles cadastrales" layer activated and superimposed over the "Carte" layer}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Quick Overview|url=http://www.sncf-reseau.fr/en/about/presentation/briefly|website=SNCF Réseau|accessdate=14 June 2015}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Le projet|url=http://lgvest-lot47.com/lgv-est-lot47-le-projet__2__1__|website=LGV Est Lot 47|accessdate=5 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217214323/http://lgvest-lot47.com/lgv-est-lot47-le-projet__2__1__|archivedate=17 February 2015|deadurl=no|language=French}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Le Tunnel de Saverne|url=http://lgvest-lot47.com/lgv-est-lot47-le-tunnel__4__1__|website=LGV Est Lot 47|accessdate=5 June 2015|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217213620/http://lgvest-lot47.com/lgv-est-lot47-le-tunnel__4__1__|archivedate=17 February 2015|deadurl=no}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Inauguration Ligne LGV - Tunnel d'Ernolsheim-les-Saverne|url=http://www.dna.fr/pour-sortir/loisirs/Fete-carnaval-kermesse/Fetes-communales/Alsace/Bas-rhin/Ernolsheim-les-saverne/2016/07/03/Inauguration-ligne-lgv-tunnel-d-ernolsheim-les-saverne|accessdate=5 July 2016|work=Dernieres Nouvelles D'Alsace|date=2016|language=French}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Nicola|last2=Berry|first2=Oliver|last3=Fallon|first3=Steve|last4=Filou|first4=Emilie|last5=Le Nevez|first5=Catherine|last6=Robinson|first6=Daniel|last7=Roddis|first7=Miles|title=France|date=2009|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|isbn=9781741049152|page=374|edition=8th}}
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Chabas|first1=Sébastien|title=LGV-Est : le tunnel ferroviaire de Saverne est totalement percé|url=http://www.batiactu.com/edito/lgv-est---le-tunnel-ferroviaire-de-saverne-est-tot-34470.php|accessdate=14 June 2015|work=batiactu|date=25 February 2013|language=French}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Quick Overview|url=http://www.sncf-reseau.fr/en/about/presentation/briefly|website=SNCF Réseau|accessdate=14 June 2015}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=RFF attribue le marché du Tunnel de Saverne|url=http://www.bg-21.com/fr/system/files/documents/15092010_communique_RFF.pdf|website=BG-21.com|publisher=Réseau Ferée de France|accessdate=14 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614210919/http://www.bg-21.com/fr/system/files/documents/15092010_communique_RFF.pdf|archivedate=14 June 2015|language=French|format=PDF|date=15 September 2015}}
10. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Fiorletta|first1=Claire|title=La LGV Est franchit le col de Saverne|url=http://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/actualite/2013/02/26/la-lgv-est-franchit-le-col-de-saverne|accessdate=14 June 2015|work=Le Républicain Lorrain|date=26 February 2013|language=French}}
11. ^{{cite web|title="Charlotte" to drive Saverne tunnel|url=http://www.vinci.com/vinci.nsf/en/newsroom/pages/charlotte_to_drive_saverne_tunnel_france_122011.htm|website=Vinci|accessdate=14 June 2015|date=December 2011}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|title=Tunnel de Saverne : « Charlotte » a percé le premier tube !|url=http://www.sncf-reseau.fr/fr/tunnel-de-saverne-charlotte-a-perce-le-premier-tube|website=SNCF Réseau|publisher=RFF (now SNCF Réseau)|accessdate=14 June 2015|language=French|date=June 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=High-Tech premiere for TGV tunnel|url=https://www.herrenknecht.com/en/media/press-information/2012/high-tech-premiere-for-tgv-tunnel.html|website=Herrenknecht|accessdate=14 June 2015|date=September 2012}}
14. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Saverne Tunnel holed through on LGV Est|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/saverne-tunnel-holed-through-on-lgv-est.html?sword_list=Saverne&no_cache=1|accessdate=14 June 2015|work=Railway Gazette|date=26 February 2013}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=La phase de génie civil complètement achevée en temps et en heure!|url=http://www.lgv-est.com/la-phase-de-genie-civil-completement-achevee-en-temps-en-heure/|website=LGV Est|publisher=Réseau Ferées de France|accessdate=14 June 2015|language=French|date=17 April 2014}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=LGV Est Phase 2 completed|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/lgv-est-phase-2-completed.html|accessdate=27 May 2015|work=Railway Gazette|date=31 March 2015}}
17. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=LGV-Est: Mise en service du dernier tronçon prévue pour le 3 juillet|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/strasbourg/1770171-20160120-lgv-mise-service-dernier-troncon-prevue-3-juillet|accessdate=20 May 2016|work=20 minutes|date=20 January 2016|language=French}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Les ouvrages en projet|url=http://www.lgv-est.com/explorer/les-ouvrages-en-projet/|website=LGV Est européen 2e phase|publisher=SNCF Réseau|accessdate=17 June 2015|language=French}}
19. ^1 {{cite web|title=BG on Track for the "LGV Est" – Saverne Tunnel|url=http://www.bg-21.com/en/content/bg-track-lgv-est-%E2%80%93-saverne-tunnel|website=BG-21.com|accessdate=14 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614204221/http://www.bg-21.com/en/content/bg-track-lgv-est-%E2%80%93-saverne-tunnel|archivedate=14 June 2015 |deadurl=no|date=28 September 2010}}
20. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Le tunnel de Saverne|url=http://www.rff.fr/IMG/pdf/LGVE2_Plaquette-TunnelSaverne.pdf|website=LGV Est européen 2e phase|publisher=Réseau Ferée de France|accessdate=14 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504011717/http://www.rff.fr/IMG/pdf/LGVE2_Plaquette-TunnelSaverne.pdf|archivedate=4 May 2015|deadurl=no|language=French|format=PDF|date=October 2011}}
21. ^1 {{cite web|title=LGV Est Européen – 2 ème Phase – Tronçon H – Lot 47 – Conception Réalisation|url=http://www.aecfrance.eu/tunnel-saverne.pdf|website=aecfrance.eu|accessdate=14 June 2015|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110723022156/http://www.aecfrance.eu/tunnel-saverne.pdf|archivedate=23 July 2011|deadurl=yes|language=French|format=PDF|date=November 2010}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=LGV Est Européen, France|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/lgv_est/|website=Railway Technology|accessdate=15 June 2015|quote=The new line is 1,435mm twin-track, electrified at 25 kV AC and built for a maximum of 350 km/h, although trains will run at 320 km/h.}}
23. ^1 {{cite web|title=Tunnel de Saverne : les travaux de génie civil avancent à bon train|url=http://www.lgv-est.com/tunnel-de-saverne-les-travaux-de-genie-civil-avancent-a-bon-train/|website=LGV Est européen 2e phase|publisher=Réseau Ferré de France|accessdate=14 June 2015|language=French|date=10 July 2013}}
{{Good article}}

External links

  • {{commonscat-inline|Tunnel de Saverne}}
  • LGV Est (official website)
  • LGV Est Lot 47 website for the section of the LGV Est which includes the Saverne Tunnel

3 : Railway tunnels in France|Transport in Grand Est|Tunnels completed in 2016
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