“Scheibe Specht”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Scheibe Specht ({{lang-en|Woodpecker}}) is a tandem seat training glider produced in Germany in the early 1950s. More than fifty were built.

Design and development

The Specht was designed by Rudolph Kaiser, who around 1952 was dividing his time between Scheibe in Dachau and Schleicher in Poppenhausen. Hence the Specht and its contemporary Schleicher Ka-4 Rhönlerche, also designed by Kaiser, have much in common.^[1]

The Specht has a wooden, two spar, high wing, braced on each side by V-struts from the spars to the lower fuselage, jury struts and mounted with 2° of dihedral. There is plywood skinning from the leading edge to the rear spar on the upper surface and to the forward spar below. The leading edge of the wing is straight and unswept and the trailing edge is parallel to it over its inner section, becoming tapered outboard. Ailerons, with inset hinges, fill these sections. Spoilers are mounted in the mid-inner wing panels at 11% chord.^[2]

Scheibe used their usual fabric covered, steel tube and wooden stringer construction for the fuselage. Pupil and instructor sit in tandem in an enclosed cockpit, with the rear seat accessed by an under wing door. The fuselage, flat sided and hexagonal in section, narrows to the conventional tail. The horizontal tail, mounted on top of the fuselage, is roughly rectangular in plan and of low aspect ratio and the fin and rudder together are straight tapered and flat topped. The rudder is hinged behind the elevators and extends down to the keel. The Specht lands on a fixed monowheel under the rear seat, assisted by a central skid.

The Specht prototype first flew in March 1953. Just three years (7 March 1956) later Scheibe flew the Sperber ({{lang-en|Sparrowhawk}}), a side by side seat version. Necessarily wider in the cockpit area, the two types differed little, though the Sperber's span was {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} greater and it was slightly ({{convert|12|kg|lb|abbr=on|0}}) heavier. Their performances were also very similar; the Sperber's minimum sink rate was 7% greater.^[2]

Operational history

Fifty-five Spechts were produced.^[2] These were used by gliding clubs for pilot training in place of the earlier, open, single-seat primary gliders like the Zögling and its descendants. A few remained on the European civil aircraft registers in 2010.^[6] In 2009 at least two of these were flight worthy, each with historic aircraft groups in Denmark and Norway;^[7] in Sweden a third Specht, with a certificate of airworthiness valid into 2015, is owned by a similar group.^[8]

Only five Sperbers were built,^[2] one of which remained on the German civil aircraft register in 2010.^[6]

Variants

Specifications

|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=170
|max speed note=placard, smooth air
|cruise speed kmh=
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|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=55
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|glide ratio=best, 20:1 at {{convert|75|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|0}}
|sink rate ms=0.87
|sink rate ftmin=
|sink rate note=minimum, at {{convert|68|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|0}}
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=23.5
|wing loading note=maximum
|more performance=
}}

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite book |title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe |last= Ogden |first=Bob |coauthors= |edition= |year=2009|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|pages=81,400,558 |isbn=978 0 85130 418 2}}
2. ^¹²{{cite book |title=European registers handbook 2010 |last= Partington |first=Dave |coauthors= |edition= |year=2010|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|location= |isbn=978-0-85130-425-0|page=}}
3. ^¹{{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1945-1965 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition=2nd revised |year=2006|publisher= EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH|location=Königswinter |isbn=3 9807977 4 0|page=78}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite book |title= The World's Sailplanes - Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt - Les Planeurs de le Monde|volume=I|first= K.G.|last=Wilkinson|first2=Peter|last2= Brooks|first3=B.S.|last3=Shenstone|year=1958|publisher=Organisation Scientifique et Technique International de Vol à Voile (OSTIV) & Schweizer Aero-Revue|language=English, German, French|isbn=|pages=77–80}}
5. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.transportstyrelsen.se/en/Aviation/Aircraft/Swedish-Civil-Aircraft-Register/Aircraft-search/?registration=SE-SVS&aircraftid=4354|title=SE-SVS in the Swedish Civil Aircraft Register |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2 January 2014}}