| 词条 | Scots Mining Company |
| 释义 |
The Scots Mining Company, or Scotch Mines Company,[1] was formed shortly after the Jacobite rising of 1715 by Sir John Erskine with the intention of better developing the mineral resources of Scotland.[2] Primary investors were largely garnered from expatriate Scots living in London.[1] HistoryFollowing its incorporation by Royal Charter in 1729,[1] the Scots Mining Company procured leases for mines at Leadhills and elsewhere.[2] The company was near bankrupt when, in 1734, the mathematician James Stirling was appointed manager.[3] The systems of mining, social organisation and living conditions of the workers that Stirling introduced at Leadhills were revolutionary for their time,[2] including reducing the underground day to six hours, introducing health insurance and hiring a surgeon to directly improve the lot of the men. In addition, he concentrated on better housing, education and the founding of the Leadhill Miners Reading Society in 1741.[3] Many of these characteristic features of the company's paternalism were copied by other large mines.[1] By 1830, the company was the largest and most successful concern working the lead mines at Leadhills.[4]{{rp|1}} Following a protracted court case regarding water rights with the rival Leadhills Mining Company the Scots Mining Company was wound up in 1861.[4]{{rp|13}} OperationsLeadhillsThe area between Leadhills and Wanlockhead was the richest lead mining district in Scotland.[5] The Leadhills concession was obtained from the Earl of Hopetoun[6] on whose land a significant deposits of lead and silver had been mined since 1513,[7] and a limited gold mining operation had begun in 1517.[8] At the height of the trade in 1810, more than 1,400 tons of lead were being produced annually,[5] by a workforce of 200 men.[1] TyndrumLead was discovered on the Breadalbane estates in 1741.[9] Mines were operated by three companies prior to the Scots Mining Company acquiring the lease in 1768. The company began working the mines in a more systematic manner, including the establishment of a smelter locally.[10] The Scots Mining Company pulled out in 1791,[4]{{rp|1}} though operations continued intermittently until 1858 when the mines were reacquired by the Marquess of Breadalbane, who worked them till his death in 1862.[10] References1. ^1 2 3 4 Peter L. Payne (Ed.) (2013) Studies in Scottish Business History [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CiL8AQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA130&dq=scotch%20mines%20company&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q=scotch%20mines%20company&f=false page 119-134] Routledge. {{ISBN|1136606599}} Retrieved February 2015 2. ^1 2 John Nichols (1853) The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 193, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QUJDAQAAMAAJ&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PA590#v=onepage&q=scots%20mining%20company&f=false A Trip to the Gold Regions if Scotland] p589-597, Publisher R. Newton. Retrieved February 2015 3. ^1 Colin Russell (2014) Who Made the Scottish Enlightenment? [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tGQxBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA391&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PA391#v=onepage&q=scots%20mining%20company&f=false page 391], Xlibris Corporation, {{ISBN|1499091044}} Retrieved February 2015 4. ^1 2 Northern Mine Research Society (1993) Controversy and Contraction. The Water Dispute at the Leadhills Mines, British Mining No.48, NMRS. {{ISSN|0308-2199}} 5. ^1 A. Fullarton (Pub) (1856) The Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland (Volume2: I-Z) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m6XVAAAAMAAJ&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PA233#v=onepage&q=scots%20mining%20company&f=false page 233] Retrieved February 2015 6. ^The Traveller's Guide through Scotland and its Islands (1829 - 5th Ed.) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VpNeAAAAcAAJ&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q=scots%20mining%20company&f=false page 133] For J. Thomson Retrieved February 2015 7. ^Thomas Curtis(Ed) (1829) The London encyclopaedia, Volume 12, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eW5MAAAAMAAJ&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PA623#v=onepage&q&f=false page 623] Printed for T. Tegg Retrieved February 2015 8. ^David Webster (1819) A topographical Dictionary of Scotland [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2KVfAAAAcAAJ&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PA434#v=onepage&q=scots%20mining%20company&f=false page 434] Retrieved February 2015 9. ^Roger Smith & Bob Aitken (2013) The West Highland Way: The Official Guide [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Yqm8BQAAQBAJ&lpg=PT90&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PT90#v=onepage&q=scots%20mining%20company&f=false page 90] Birlinn. {{ISBN|0857906453}} Retrieved February 2015 10. ^1 Cambridge County Geographies, Perthshire [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=X648AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA86&dq=scots%20mining%20company&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q=scots%20mining%20company&f=false page 86] CUP Archive. Retrieved February 2015 4 : Scottish company stubs|1729 establishments in Scotland|Mining in Scotland|Defunct companies of Scotland |
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