| 词条 | Scripps Energy & Materials Center |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox institute |name = Scripps Energy & Materials Center |image = |image_alt = TSRI's Center for Chemical Sciences |caption = |latin_name = |established = {{Start date|2007}} |director = |chairman = |head_label = |head = |budget = |endowment = |debt = |members = |location = TSRI Jupiter, Florida Campus |city = |state = |province = |country = |coor = |address = 130 Scripps Way Jupiter, Florida 33458 USA |website = {{URL |http://www.scripps.edu/periana/semc}} }} The Scripps Energy & Materials Center (SEMC) is an American research center that focuses on research in the basic energy and materials sciences.[1] Located in Jupiter, Florida, the center is home to scientists, graduate students, and administrative staff. It is a part of the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), one of the largest non-profit research institutes in the world. HistoryTSRI was founded as the Scripps Metabolic Clinic in 1924 by the philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps in La Jolla, California. This eventually evolved into the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation. In 1991, the Scripps Clinic and research division became separate corporations and The Scripps Research Institute was founded. In 1989, TSRI started a graduate program. This was followed by starting a second campus located in Jupiter, Florida in 2005. Then, in 2007, TSRI president Richard Lerner hired internationally renowned chemist Roy A. Periana to lead what would become the Scripps Energy & Materials Center.[2] The goal was to expand beyond the biomedical research that TSRI had focused on in the past and into examining all large scale human problems from disease to how humans will access future raw materials from natural resources and how to manipulate and store energy from renewable resources.[3] FacilitiesThe Scripps Energy & Materials Center is located on the Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Florida campus Scripps that occupies {{convert|30|acre|m2}} next to the adjacent John D. MacArthur campus of Florida Atlantic University and Max Planck Florida Institute in Palm Beach County, Florida. SEMC scientists operate in the {{convert|350000|sqft|m2|sing=on}} state-of-the-art research facilities located on TSRI's Jupiter, Florida campus among the ~450 faculty, staff, and students that study and work at the campus.[4] LeadershipThe current director of SEMC is Prof. Roy A. Periana, Ph.D. Periana is an internationally recognized chemist in the fields of homogeneous catalysis and CH activation. His previous work has involved the development of several catalytic systems that convert methane to methanol in high yields at modest temperatures.[5][6] He has also developed chemistry that oxidatively couples methane to acetic acid in a one pot reaction using a palladium catalyst.[7] He has won numerous awards, presented as the keynote speaker for several international conferences, and has been featured widely in print and broadcast media. ResearchSEMC is working on fundamentally new chemistry that will enable development of next-generation technologies that more efficiently convert raw materials into materials and energy. Hydrocarbons (e.g. natural gas), nitrogen, oxygen, and water are utilized as the core components for the majority of the world's energy and materials. The current technology for conversion of these molecules is inefficient and expensive, and operates at high temperatures. Furthermore, excessive amounts{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=April 2014}} of carbon dioxide are generated in the consumption of these raw materials. Therefore, new ways to reduce excessive emissions and conserve precious natural resources will be required to sustain the growing pressures on the Earth to supplement humanity's consumption-based lifestyle. The approach at SEMC is based on the de novo, rational design of new technologies from the ground up through a process involving conceptual design, computational study, and experimental discovery. One of the major emphases within SEMC is the development of new single-site catalysts for the activation and eventual rupture of strong bonds. The goal of new catalysts is to reduce the temperature and pressures required to operate the molecular conversion. Next generation catalysts will be key to lower-temperature processes. Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions at lower temperatures and are utilized in very small amounts. There are currently no catalysts that can efficiently convert natural gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, or water at lower temperatures to useful materials or extract the energy stored in the bonds of these molecules. SEMC is addressing these challenges by designing new catalysts to convert these molecules into products that society uses daily. The Roy A. Periana group recently published an article in the multidisciplinary journal Science that describes the use of main group, lead and thallium trifluoroacetate salts that convert a natural gas stream (comprising methane, ethane, and propane) to the respective trifluoroacetate esters, which include methyltrifluoroaceate, ethyltrifluoroacetate, ditrifluoroacetateethyleneglycol, propyl-2-trifluoroacetate, and 1,2-difluoroaceatatepropylglycol.[8] It was found that the system readily led to the rapid oxidation of the natural gas stream at 180 °C and was capable of reacting with a mixed gas stream or each alkane independently. This result could lead to a new class of molecular reagents for the selective conversion of alkanes to liquid products having impacts on the transportation fuels and petrochemical industries.[9] References1. ^Brinkmann, Paul. (2011) "Scripps partnership with FPL is tip of energy research plans" South Florida Business Journal, April. 2. ^Renowned Chemist Roy Periana Appointed Professor at Scripps Florida 3. ^Clemence, Camber. (2012) "Cool Chemistry for the 21st Century" Palm Beach Gardens Lifestyle Magazine, April: 14-15. 4. ^Scripps Florida Facts at a Glance 5. ^{{cite journal | title = A Mercury-Catalyzed, High-Yield System for the Oxidation of Methane to Methanol | journal = Science| year = 1993| volume =259 | issue = 5093| pages= 340–343 | last1 = Periana| first1 = R.A. | last2 = Taube | first2 = D.J. | last3 = Evitt | first3 = E.R. | pmid = 17832346 | last4 = Loffler| first4 = D.G. | last5 = Wentrcek | first5 = P.R. | last6 = Voss | first6 =G. | last7 =Masuda | first7 = T. | doi = 10.1126/science.259.5093.340}} 6. ^{{cite journal | title = Platinum Catalysts for the High-Yield Oxidation of Methane to a Methanol Derivative | journal = Science | year = 1998 | volume = 280 | pages = 560–564 | last1 = Periana | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Taube | first2 = D. J. | last3 = Gamble | first3 = S. | last4 = Taube | first4 = H. | last5 = Satoh | first5 = T. | last6 = Fujii | first6 = H. | doi = 10.1126/science.280.5363.560 | pmid = 9554841 | issue = 5363}} 7. ^{{cite journal | title = Catalytic, Oxidative Condensation of CH4 to CH3COOH in One Step via CH Activation. | journal = Science | year = 2003 | volume = 301 |issue = 5634 | pages = 814–818 | last1 = Periana | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Mirinov | first2 = O. | last3 = Taube | first3 = D. | last4 = Bhalla | first4 = G. | last5 = Jones | first5 = C.J.| doi = 10.1126/science.1086466 | pmid=12907796}} 8. ^{{cite journal | title = Main-Group Compounds Selectively Oxidize Mixtures of Methane, Ethane, and Propane to Alcohol Esters | journal = Science| year = 2014| volume = 343 | issue = 6176| pages= 1232–1237 | last1 = Hashiguchi| first1 = B.G. | last2 = Konnick | first2 = M.M. | last3 = Bischof | first3 = S.M. | last4 = Gustafson| first4 = S.J. | last5 = Devarajan | first5 = D. | last6 = Gunsalus | first6 =N. | last7 = Ess | first7 = D.H. | last8 = Periana | first8 = R.A. | doi = 10.1126/science.1249357 | pmid=24626925}} 9. ^{{cite journal | title = The Key to the Next Energy Revolution | journal = Science Now | year = 2014}}http://news.sciencemag.org/chemistry/2014/03/key-next-energy-revolution External links
6 : Research institutes in the United States|Scripps Research Institute|Florida Atlantic University|Independent research institutes|Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges|Scripps family |
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