| 词条 | Scum of the Earth Church |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox church | name = Scum of the Earth Church | img = SOTEC.jpg | denomination = Non-denominational | founded date = {{start date|2000}} | founder = Mike Sares, Reese Roper | seniorpastor = Mike Sares | country = US | website = {{Url|http://scumoftheearth.net}} }} Scum of the Earth Church (SOTEC or Scum) is a non-denominational Christian urban church located in Denver, Colorado's arts district, in that city's Lincoln Park neighborhood.{{citation needed lead|date=April 2016}} Its name is taken from 1 Corinthians 4:11-13, which includes Paul the Apostle's statement, "We have become the scum of the earth." {{as of|December 2014}}, the Denver church was led by pastor Mike Sares.{{update after|2016|4|20}} SOTEC's founding aim was to create a ministry to young individuals who perceived themselves as outcasts, and therefore might not feel welcome at traditional Christian churches, individuals including goths, the pierced and tattooed crowd, punk rockers, and skateboarders, and it has attracted these, as well as the poor and homeless, ravers, and urban artists (and diverse other groups including students and academics, and immigrant and blue-collar families). Currently, the vision of Scum of the Earth is to be an outpost on the perimeter of God's kingdom seeking redemption in Jesus Christ. SOTEC uses a wide array of methods and activities to communicate its message, including bible study groups and podcasts, ministry programs to meet material and relational needs of congregants (food, shelter, guidance), artistic expressions that include exhibitions of art and poetry, as well as various other classes, groups, and activities. Its pastors and others have described SOTEC as being evangelical in its theology, perspectives, and approach to ministry, and the church is a member of an association in the United States, the Alliance for Renewal Churches. Its impact extends beyond its local church ministries, in that its name and focus have drawn wide attention, leading to its being a point of discussion in relation to the Emerging Church movement, and in other venues discussing modern Christian ministry to young people and in urban settings. DenverLeaders of record are:
SeattleThis sister church is variously described as having been founded by Denver pastors Mike Sares and Reese Roper,[5] or by John Swanger.[6] Leaders of record are:
This sister church officially closed its doors in 2015.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} Description{{expand section | more up-to-date, source-derived descriptions of the church nature, structure, and practices | small = no|date=April 2016}}Scum of the Earth Church, also known as SOTEC, or simply Scum, is an urban church located Denver's arts district and is described as a local Christian church unaffiliated with a denomination,[2]{{rp|9.2}}{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} although it is a member of a church association in the United States, the Alliance for Renewal Churches.[3] SOTEC's pastors and others have described SOTEC as being evangelical in its theology, perspectives, and approach to ministry.[1][12] The parent church is located as of this date,{{when|date=April 2016}} in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Denver, Colorado.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} In 2006, Bob Whitesel, in preparation to write Inside the Organic Church, described his "first encounter" with the church as seeing a "parking lot was filled with urban youth playing basketball, skateboarding, smoking, or just hanging out. And while I have visited organic churched across North America and England, the congregation assembled here was one of the edgiest.[2]{{rp|9.1}} He goes on to describe SOTEC's congregants ("audience") as being the{{quote|[u]rban poor, homeless, disenfranchised youth, [g]oths, skateboarders, urban artists, immigrant [and] blue-collar families, seminary students/professors, and diverse social classes throughout and around Denver.[2]{{rp|9.2}} }} Rather than on the broader of these demographic descriptions, the church, at its founding, indicated concern for specific disenfranchised groups, e.g., skateboarders, goths and others with piercings and tattoos, and punk rockers.[15] In 2007, SOTEC was described by Sean Cronin and Naomi Zeveloff of Westword, who noted that most present at their visit were individuals in their 20s, most with piercings and tattoos, further reiterating the church's draw of the homeless, and of "punks, ravers ... people who might otherwise feel isolated from typical Sunday morning services."[4] These observations were echoed by English observers from The Economist, John Micklethwait and Adrian Woolridge, whose 2009 catalogings included "homeless people, punks, skaters, and ravers" and "bikers, gays and dropouts."[5][6] The church's pastor, Mike Sares, was quoted by CBS{{'}}s Lee Cowan and John Kreiser in 2006 as saying that SOTEC had looked "to build a place where folks who didn't fit in other church settings would actually feel welcome";[19] the CBS report continued that "Scum of the Earth uses many tools to accomplish that goal, including podcasts ... creative writing ... cooking and sewing classes, comic book ... and bible study groups, [and] exhibitions of poetry and art by church members ..."[19] Sares is noted as saying that the message is not new, though the approach is: "It's just church ... It's not nearly as radical as you think it is—I mean there's no moshing during worship."[19] Westword{{'}}s Cronin and Zeveloff go on to describe SOTEC service content: {{quote|The preacher may have looked punk rock, but he didn't espouse it in his sermon. Instead, he hammered repentance through the story of Bathsheba. In that biblical tale, King David sleeps with a woman he spies bathing. When he finds out that she's pregnant, he orders her husband killed. Later on, he realizes the folly of his ways. God only forgives him when he gives himself fully to his creator,[4]}} concluding that SOTEC was "no frills" but "not radical either," "not a free for all, [and] not a fundamental redefinition of what Christianity should look like"; they conclude their piece, writing that at SOTEC, "tattoos and piercings do not a liberal make" and that "joy of Scum" was that it allowed individuals to pursue their faith regardless of appearance, or place of residence.[4] The church has been described as "emergent" or placed within the movement of "Emergent Church[es]" by those reporting on it,[4] and by Brian D. McLaren, a former English professor and contributor to "The Church in Emerging Culture: Five Perspectives" (2003).[19][7] History{{Multiple issues|section=yes|{{refimprove section|date=April 2016}}{{expand section | source-derived information regarding the status and events of the title subject since the last recorded content here, in 2010-2011 | small = no|date=April 2016}}}} Scum of the Earth Church was founded by Mike Sares and Reese Roper in February 2000.[8][9] It is described as growing out of a Bible study led by Sares, who was a pastor associated with a Presbyterian church in Denver (Corona Presbyterian Church{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}), and prompted by his forced resignation after departure of the church's senior pastor.[8] The Bible study moved its meetings into the home of Sares, after he left his pastoring job.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} In Sares recollection, as related to David Yonke of Sare's hometown Toledo Blade,{{quote|Several people who had been attending ... wanted to find ways to minister to young people who felt like outcasts and would never "darken the doors of a traditional church—people like skateboarders, goths, punk rockers, and the tattooed and pierced crowd ...[8]}} Sares and Reese Roper of the band Five Iron Frenzy then "decided to stop talking about such a church and go ahead and start one."[8] Sares recalls that the first meetings of the church were held at a coffee shop called the Prodigal, which served as a "drop-in center for homeless ... kids" during the work week.[8] The name of the church is much reported and commented upon.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The name is taken from 1 Corinthians 4:11-13[10][11] (as it appears in particular translations, e.g., the New International Version, NIV[12]):{{quote|To this very hour we go hungry and thirsty, we are in rags, we are brutally treated, we are homeless. / We work hard with our own hands. When we are cursed, we bless; when we are persecuted, we endure it; / when we are slandered, we answer kindly. We have become the scum of the earth, the garbage of the world—right up to this moment.[13]}} As described by Mike Sares to Bob Whitesel, {{quote|The name ... resulted from the people we were reaching ... We asked them to choose a name. Reese Roper from the band Five Iron Frenzy suggested Scum of the Earth. I was out and asked everyone to pray about it for a week. In the [interim] I called some mentors who told me not to do it. Next week we voted, and Scrum won. And I'm glad we [did] it.[2]{{rp|9.3}}}} It has elsewhere been reported{{who|date=April 2016}} that Sares initially expressed concern over possible controversy that could result from the name, but that he ultimately agreed with the group.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} After overcrowding became an issue,{{where?|date=April 2016}}{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} the church was given space in the Tollgate Coffee House in 2001.[9] Continued growth and tenant issues lead the church to move to its third location at a now-demolished building;{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} in August 2007, the congregation found itself meeting in the building belonging to the Church in the City "just off of East Colfax"[4] (on the corner of Colfax and Josephine in downtown Denver{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}). Then, in September 2008, the church purchased,{{quote| a historic church building [that] rises above the Santa Fe art district. Commissioned in 1881 by former Colorado territorial governor Alexander Hunt, the building was once owned and restored by artist Lonnie Hanzon; you enter through a 300-year-old antique door from Paris,}} at 935 W. 11th Avenue in Denver,[3][14] a building that is "tucked behind a 7-Eleven and a liquor store."[11] Despite a considerable sum having been spent by former owner Hanzon on renovations, the building was found in violation of several fire codes by the Denver Fire Department in July 2010, and SOTEC was forced to decamp, and hold services and other activities at His Love Fellowship Church, two blocks away.[11] On December 18, 2011, the congregation was able to return to their building.{{clarify|date=April 2016}}{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} {{as of|December 2014}}, the Denver church was led by pastor Mike Sares.[1]{{update after|2016|4|20}}Seattle sister church{{Update|section|inaccurate=yes|date=April 2016}}{{refimprove section|date=April 2016}}A sister church, Scum of the Earth Church Seattle, is located in Seattle, Washington.[15] As told by Zach McCauley to Hayat Norimine of The Daily in 2012, John Swanger, a member of the Denver church, moved to Seattle in 2003 "when he felt he had been called to the Northwest by God."[16] After an experience with another Christian church, where he describes himself as having been "kicked out because he wore earrings," he founded the "Seattle Scum church."[16] As described by McCauley, to whom Swanger "passed the torch" of church leadership at the Seattle church, six years later (and as of 2012 is the current pastor),[16]{{update after|2016|4|19}}{{quote|Everywhere Swanger went, he found people with similar stories. He met those who had been unwelcome at other more mainstream churches for reasons Swanger didn't understand. He felt that Seattle needed a Scum - a church that would be all-inclusive, all-welcoming. He had a criminal history himself and had experienced stigmatization firsthand because of it.[16]}} Elsewhere, the church is reported as having been co-founded by Denver pastor Mike Sares and Reese Roper.[15] The Swangers have subsequently moved back to Denver.{{when|date=April 2016}}{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Teaching and programs{{expand section | a source-derived summary of the teaching and programs at the Denver and Seattle campuses that characterise the approach of the church | small = no |date=April 2016}}A variety of past and ongoing programs characterise SOTEC's approach to local church function in the context of the groups that it aims to serve. In 2006, Mike Sares described the methods of communicating the church's spoken message to include bible study groups and podcasts (e.g., which include a wide selection at iTunes); its artistic expressions to include exhibitions of congregant poetry and art, classes on creative writing, and a photographic gallery of its activities; and various other activities including a comic book club, and cooking and sewing classes.[10] The church as had a wide variety of visiting teachers over the years, the list of whom includes:{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Notable congregants{{expand section | more up-to-date, source-derived description of reports of notable participants in the church | small = no|date=April 2016}}A number of individuals attending the Denver congregation have been newsmakers in their respective fields. Band members of Five Iron Frenzy, a band described both as "punk" and "Christian" has a long association with SOTEC, with Reese Roper being mentioned as a co-founder of the Denver location,[8] and participants there including that band's saxophonist, Leanor "Jeff the Girl" Ortega Till.[18] Artist Naomi Haverland, a representational artist who works in large scale acrylic, oil, and chalk images, was also a self-described part of the congregation, as of April 2014.[19] Impact{{expand section | sourced content stating the impact of this organization on its community and more broadly | small = no|date=April 2016}}In addition to its local impact, and its expansion into a network of churches, SOTEC has inspired the founding of other congregations related in style and temperament, for instance The Refuse of Colorado Springs, Colorado, that uses the same biblical verse as its theme, and which was led by Dave Weatherby as of August 2006.{{update after|2016|4|20}}[20] In 2006, Scott Bader-Saye, writing in a special issue on "The Emerging Church"" for the International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church argued that the seeming radical aspects of SOTEC, and the "innovation" involved in its appeal to fringe elements of society (in this century), were "not fundamentally different from traditional evangelicalism."[21] Bill Bishop, an Austin American-Statesman reporter, presented a political science effort on the demographics of the political and cultural divisions in America, published as The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America Is Tearing Us Apart. In it he refers to SOTEC as one of several churches comparable to one on which Bishop focused on in his study—Bluers, in Minneapolis, Minnesota—and to this set as distinctive from mega-churches that characterize the detrimental "Balkanization" and clustering of viewpoints, his central thesis.[22][23] John Micklethwait and Adiran Woolridge, respectively, the editor in chief and Washington bureau chief of The Economist, take note of SOTEC in their book God is Back: How the Global Revival of Faith is Changing the World (2009),[6] and in comments related to that book use it as a case in point for a broad conclusion:{{quote | The real strength of religious America lies in its diversity. There are more than 200 religious traditions in America, with 20 different sorts of Baptists alone. Religious America is remarkably good at segmenting its customer base: There are services for bikers, gays and dropouts (the Scum of the Earth Church in Denver) ...[5]}} Critiques{{expand section | source-derived content that summarizes any significant criticisms that have been leveled against the ideas or practices of the church | small = no|date=April 2016}}Patrick J. Buchanan, writing in Suicide of a Superpower: Will America Survive to 2025? (2011), in contrast to the earlier Micklethwait and Woolridge argument, mentions SOTEC and questions the tailoring of services to specific populations, asking, "Is this a manifestation of the 'real strength' of Christianity, or does it instead, sound like disintegration, the loss of the unity of the People of God?", a query he does not develop further, instead turning to a broad challenge to denominationalism and American church-attendance criteria; in contrast, Buchanan's noting, in following,{{quote|... it sometimes seems that ... Christians preach a gospel of the First Church of Christ, Capitalist. Yet, ... the life and death of Christ and is apostles ... [do] not appear any were successful by the standards of the world ...}} seems to suggest agreement, rather than disagreement with SOTEC principles.[24] References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal | author = Merritt, Jonathan | date = December 1, 2014 | title = Opinion: Misfit minister says pastors should 'pray their church loses numbers' | format = interview | journal = RNS [religionnews.com] | url = http://religionnews.com/2014/12/01/misfit-pastor-says-ministers-pray-church-loses-numbers/ | access-date = April 26, 2016 | quote = Michael Sares is an evangelical pastor who has made a ministry kicking against the current. He pastors Denver's Scum of the Earth Church, an evangelical congregation famous for welcoming those other churches might turn away.}}{{subscription required}} The opening of the article also appears at the authors personal blog, On Faith and Culture, here. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book | authors = Whitesel, Bob | year = 2006 | chapter = Scum of the Earth Church, Denver Colorado [Ch. 9] | title = Inside the Organic Church: Learning from 12 Emerging Congregations | location = Nashville, TN | publisher = Abingdon | isbn = 978-1426748233 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=142674823X | access-date = April 25, 2016 }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web | author = ARC Staff | date = April 19, 2016 | title=Members, Member Churches, Colorado: Scum of the Earth Church: Denver | location = Mansfield, OH | publisher = Alliance for Renewal Churches | url=http://arcchurch.org/members/scum-of-the-earth-church/ | access-date = April 19, 2016 }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news | authors = Cronin, Sean & Zeveloff, Naomi | date = August 14, 2007 | title = Sunday Best | format = newspaper blog | work= Westword | location = Denver, CO | publisher = Denver Westword | url = http://www.westword.com/news/sunday-best-5869019 | access-date= April 19, 2016 }} 5. ^1 {{cite journal | authors = Micklethwait, John & Woolridge, Adrian | date = April 7, 2009 | title = God Still Isn't Dead: The decline of religion in America has been predicted again and again. | journal = The Wall Street Journal | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123906081768295037 | access-date = April 20, 2016 }} 6. ^1 {{cite book | authors = Micklethwait, John & Woolridge, Adrian | year = 2009 | title = God is Back: How the Global Revival of Faith is Changing the World | location = London, ENG | publisher = Penguin Press HC | edition = 1st | isbn = 978-1594202131 | page = 175 }} 7. ^{{cite book | author = McLaren, Brian D. | year = 2003 | title = The Church in Emerging Culture: Five Perspectives | series = EmergentYS Series, Vol. 7 | editors = Crouch, Andy & Sweet, Leonard I. | chapter = The Method, The Message, and the Ongoing Story | pages = 191–232 | location = Grand Rapids, MI | publisher = Zondervan | isbn = 978-0310254874 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0310254876 | access-date = April 20, 2016 }} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 As recalled by Mike Sares, to The [Toledo, OH] Blade, see {{cite news | author = Yonke, David | date = October 15, 2005 | title = Religion: Ex-Toledoan shepherds social outcasts, Pastor founds Scum of the Earth Church | work = The Blade | location = Toledo, OH | page = B3-B4 | format = print feature | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=20051015&id=2WFPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YgQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6282,4128194&hl=en | access-date = April 19, 2016 }} 9. ^1 As recalled by John Swanger, founder and (as of April 2016), President of Cross & Clef Ministries, also in Denver, see {{cite web | author = Swanger, John | date = April 19, 2016 | title = SOTEC, Denver: Our affiliation with Scum of the Earth Church | url = http://www.tollgate.org/scum-of-the-earth-church---denver-colorado.html | access-date = April 19, 2016 | location = Denver, CO | publisher = Cross & Clef Ministries }} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news| authors = Cowan, Lee & Kreiser, John | date = April 14, 2006 | title = New Faces of Faith, Part III: Christianity, In 21st Century Clothes | work = CBS | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/christianity-in-21st-century-clothes/ | access-date = April 19, 2016 | quote = }} Note, this may be a transcript of an unavailable video portion of the CBS Evening News, dated the day prior to this web report.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite news | author= Hesse, Josiah M. |date=December 21, 2010|title=O Scum all ye faithful: Christianity gets the punk-rock treatment at this Denver church | work= Westword | location = Denver, CO | publisher = Denver Westword | url = http://www.westword.com/2010-12-23/news/christian-punks-jesus-christmas/ | access-date= April 19, 2016 }} 12. ^{{cite web | author = BibleGateway Staff | date = April 19, 2016 | title = 1 Corinthians 4:13 [verse comparison between versions] | publisher = biblegateway.com, and various publishers | url=https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/1%20Corinthians%204%3A13 | access-date=April 19, 2016}} 13. ^{{cite book | author = Editors of the NIV | year = 2011 | chapter = 1 Corinthians 4:11-13 | title = Holy Bible, New International Version (NIV) | publisher = Biblica, Inc. | location = Colorado Springs, CO | chapter-url = https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+4%3A11-13&version=NIV | access-date = 19 April 2016 }} Note, this encyclopedic entry corrects the texts appearing in the Westword and CBS citations to the nearest version available, that of the NIV. The difference in the Westword quotation is only in the capitalization of "scum," which does not appear in the NIV and related biblical sources, and the slight difference that appears between the CBS presentation and the NIV is in a displaced phrase in the last sentence. Cf. Hesse (2010), and Cowan & Kreiser (2006), op. cit. 14. ^{{cite news | author = Torkelson, Jean | date=June 16, 2008 | title=News: A heavenly match for 'scum' of earth. | url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-180163160.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529072716/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-180163160.html | dead-url=yes | archive-date=May 29, 2016 | location = Denver, CO | work=Rocky Mountain News [defunct] | access-date= April 20, 2016 }} 15. ^1 2 {{cite news | author= Comrie, Paul |date=February 2, 2007 | title=Precious scum | work= The Falcon | location = Seattle, WA | publisher = Seattle Pacific University | url = http://www.thefalcononline.com/2007/02/precious-scum/ | access-date= April 19, 2016 }} 16. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite journal | author = Norimine, Hayat | date = November 20, 2012 | title = Where the scum come and go | journal = The Daily of the University of Washington | url = http://www.dailyuw.com/arts_and_leisure/article_ff5027b0-18c1-537e-942b-c652cb3d933e.html | access-date = April 19, 2016 }} 17. ^1 2 {{cite web | author = SOTEC Staff | date = April 19, 2016 | title=SOTEC Sermon Archive | url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/sotec-sermon-archive/id1080801694 | work = iTunes | access-date=April 19, 2016}} The abbreviation appears in the church-selected title of its iTunes sermon archive. 18. ^{{cite news | author= Murphy, Tom |date=December 31, 2012 | title=Five Iron Frenzy: An extensive oral history of the band straight from the members themselves | work= Westword | location = Denver, CO | publisher = Denver Westword | url = http://www.westword.com/music/five-iron-frenzy-an-extensive-oral-history-of-the-band-straight-from-the-members-themselves-5714595 | access-date= April 25, 2016 }} 19. ^{{cite news | author=Siebrase, Jamie |date=April 28, 2014 | title=Naomi Haverland on the strange things that inspire her | work= Westword | location = Denver, CO | publisher = Denver Westword | url = http://www.westword.com/arts/naomi-haverland-on-the-strange-things-that-inspire-her-5779280 | access-date= April 25, 2016 }} 20. ^{{cite journal | author = Zeveloff, Naomi | date = August 10, 2006 | title = Personal Space Accepted at Refuse | journal = The Colorado Springs Independent | url=http://www.csindy.com/colorado/personal-space/Content?oid=1135078 | access-date=May 29, 2007 }} 21. ^1 {{cite journal | author = Bader-Saye, Scott | year = 2006 | title = Improvising church: An introduction to the emerging church conversation | journal = International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church | volume = 6 | issue = 1; August 17 | pages = 12–23 | doi = 10.1080/14742250500484519 }} 22. ^{{cite book | author = Bishop, Bill | year = 2008 | title = The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-minded America is Tearing Us Apart | chapter = To Marry Your Enemies [Ch. 12] | pages = 276–303, esp. 278 | location = Boston, MA | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | isbn = 978-0547525198 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0547525192 | access-date = April 19, 2016 }} 23. ^{{cite web | author = Publishers Weekly Staff | date = February 25, 2008 | title=Nonfiction Book Review: The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America Is Tearing Our Country Apart by Bill Bishop [Houghton Mifflin] | work = Publishers Weekly | url = http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-618-68935-4 | access-date=April 20, 2016 | quote = There are endless variations of this clustering—what Bishop dubs the Big Sort—as like-minded Americans self-segregate in states, cities—even neighborhoods. Consequences of the Big Sort are dire: 'balkanized communities whose inhabitants find other Americans to be culturally incomprehensible; a growing intolerance for political differences that has made national consensus impossible; and politics so polarized that Congress is stymied and elections are no longer just contests over policies, but bitter choices between ways of life.' Bishop's argument is meticulously researched—surveys and polls proliferate—and his reach is broad.}} 24. ^{{cite book | author = Buchanan, Patrick J. | year = 2011 | title =Suicide of a Superpower: Will America Survive to 2025? | chapter = | page = 55 | location = New York, NY | publisher = Macmillan | isbn = 978-1429990608 | url =https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1429990600 | access-date = April 19, 2016 }} Further reading{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
7 : Churches in Denver|Churches in Seattle|Religious organizations established in 2000|Nondenominational Christianity|Evangelicalism|Emerging Church Movement|2000 establishments in Colorado |
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