| 词条 | Tewkesbury | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|static_image_name = Tewkesbury Abbey 2011.jpg |static_image_caption= Tewkesbury Abbey |country = England |official_name= Tewkesbury |coordinates = {{coord|51.99|-2.16|display=inline,title}} | population = 19,778 | population_ref = (2011)[1] |civil_parish= Tewkesbury |shire_district= Tewkesbury |shire_county= Gloucestershire |region= South West England |constituency_westminster= Tewkesbury |post_town= Tewkesbury |postcode_district = GL20 |postcode_area= GL |dial_code= 01684 |os_grid_reference= SO8932 |london_distance={{convert|94|mi|km|0}} ESE }} Tewkesbury ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tj|uː|k|s|b|ər|i}} {{respell|TEWKS|bər|ee}}) is a town and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. It stands at the confluence of the River Severn and the River Avon, and also minor tributaries the Swilgate and Carrant Brook. It gives its name to the Borough of Tewkesbury, of which the town is the second largest settlement. It lies in the far north of the county, forming part of the border with Worcestershire. The name Tewkesbury comes from Theoc, the name of a Saxon who founded a hermitage there in the 7th century, and in the Old English language was called {{lang|ang|Theocsbury}}.[2][3] An erroneous derivation from Theotokos (the Greek title of Mary, mother of God) enjoyed currency in the monastic period of the town's history. The Battle of Tewkesbury, which took place on 4 May 1471, was one of the decisive battles of the Wars of the Roses. GeographyNearby places
DemographyAt the 2011 UK census the Tewkesbury parish had a population of 10,704. If the neighbouring parishes of Wheatpieces (3,577), Northway (5,080) and Ashchurch Rural (957) are added, the figure rises to 20,318. The Tewkesbury urban area is divided in two by the north-south running M5 motorway, opened in February 1971. However, the town is generally considered as the built-up area to the immediate east and west of the M5 at junction 9, with the town centre, abbey and old town situated to the west. The close proximity of large areas of land that are prone to flooding, as evidenced by the severe floods that struck the region in July 2007, would make further expansion difficult. However, the present Borough of Tewkesbury, created on 1 April 1974, also contains a large portion of rural north Gloucestershire, extending as far as the edges of Gloucester itself and also Cheltenham, and has a present population of 81,943.[4] LandmarksThe town features many notable Medieval, Tudor buildings, but its major claim to fame is Tewkesbury Abbey, a fine Norman abbey church, originally part of a monastery, which was saved from the Dissolution of the Monasteries by King Henry VIII after being bought by the townspeople for the price of the lead on the roof to use as their parish church.[5] Most of the monastery buildings, as well as the vineyards, were destroyed during this time. The Abbey Mill however still remains, resting upon the Mill Avon, a channel allegedly built by the monks. This channel represents one of the biggest projects in Tewkesbury's history, though the present weir dates only from the 1990s, replacing two sluice gates installed in the 1930s. The Abbey Mill is also sometimes known as "Abel Fletcher's Mill", but this is simply the name given to it in Dinah Craik's novel John Halifax, Gentleman, whose setting Norton Bury is based on Tewkesbury (see the Tewkesbury in Literature section below). The abbey is thought to be the site of the place where the hermit Theoc once lived. The great Romanesque arch on the west front is particularly striking, and the stained glass window at that end has been restored. The monastery was founded by the Despensers as a family mausoleum, and the Despenser and Neville tombs are fine examples of small-scale late medieval stonework. The tower is believed to be the largest Norman tower still in existence (though that at Norwich Cathedral is another strong contender). The tower once had a wooden spire which may have taken the total height of the building to as much as 260 feet (79 m), but this was blown off in a heavy storm on Easter Monday 1559; the present pinnacles and battlements were added in 1600 to give the tower a more "finished" look. The height to the top of the pinnacles is 148 feet (45 m). The abbey is thought to be the third largest church in Britain that is not a cathedral (after Westminster Abbey and Beverley Minster). From end to end it measures 331 feet (101 m), though prior to the destruction of the original Lady Chapel (also at the time of the dissolution), the total length was 375 feet (114 m). The abbey is a parish church, still used for daily services, and is believed to be the second-largest parish church in England, again, after Beverley Minster.[6] Tewkesbury claims Gloucestershire's oldest public house, the Black Bear, dating from 1308,[7] although this is currently closed and for sale with its future as a pub in doubt.[8] Other notable buildings are the Royal Hop Pole Hotel in Church Street (which has recently been converted into a part of the Wetherspoons pub chain with the discovery of a former medieval banqueting hall in the structure), mentioned in Charles Dickens' The Pickwick Papers, the Bell Hotel, a large half-timbered structure opposite the Abbey gateway, and the House of the Nodding Gables in the High Street. The Abbey Cottages, adjacent to Tewkesbury Abbey, were built between 1410 and 1412. They were restored 1967 to 1972 by the Abbey Lawn Trust, a building preservation charity. They house the John Moore Museum, residential homes and commercial offices. The John Moore Museum was established in 1980 in memory of the writer and naturalist, John Moore. The museum consists of three buildings: the main John Moore Museum, home to an extensive Natural History collection; the Merchant's House, restored to its Tudor appearance; and the Old Baptist Chapel. The [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219220613/http://www.johnmooremuseum.org/old-baptist-chapel-3/ Old Baptist Chapel], located off Church Street, is a timber-framed building, formally a medieval hall house dating to the 1480s. Sometime in the 17th century, it was converted[9] for use as a Nonconformist meeting house. Including the original baptistery and pastor's room, the building is of significant historic interest. The building was restored to its 1720 appearance in the 1970s by Tewkesbury Borough Council. It was further renovated and interpreted in 2015 by the Abbey Lawn Trust and is used as a venue for a variety of cultural events. Behind the chapel is a small cemetery for those who were members of the congregation. This includes the grave of William Shakespeare-Hart, fifth great grand nephew of William Shakespeare.[10] The cemetery is managed by Tewkesbury Borough Council. Just to the west of the town is Thomas Telford's impressive Mythe Bridge over the River Severn, a cast-iron structure with a 170-foot span, opened in 1826. Tewkesbury's other notable bridge is the stone-built King John's Bridge over the Avon, commissioned by King John in the late 12th century as part of improvements to the main road from Gloucester to Worcester. Original stonework can still be seen on its north side; the bridge was widened in the mid-to-late 1950s to meet traffic requirements. GovernanceModern Governance{{Infobox legislature| name = Tewkesbury Town Council | native_name = | transcription_name = | legislature = | coa_pic = | coa_res = | coa-pic = | coa-res = | house_type = Parish Council | body = | houses = | leader1_type = Mayor | leader1 = Cllr Christine Danter | party1 = | election1 = | leader2_type = Deputy Mayor | leader2 = Cllr Terry Walker | party2 = | election2 = | leader3_type = Town Clerk and RFO | leader3 = Mrs Debbie Hill | party3 = | election3 = | leader4_type = | leader4 = | party4 = | election4 = | leader5_type = | leader5 = | party5 = | election5 = | leader6_type = | leader6 = | party6 = | election6 = | members = 16 Councillors | house1 = | house2 = | structure1 = | structure1_res = 130px | political_groups1 = | structure2 = | structure2_res = | political_groups2 = | seats1_title = Independent | seats1 = {{Composition bar|16|16|hex=#CCCCCC}} | seats2_title = | seats2 = | seats3_title = | seats3 = | committees1 = | committees2 = | joint_committees = | voting_system1 = Multiple non transferable vote | voting_system2 = | last_election1 = 7 May 2015 | last_election2 = | next_election1 = 2 May 2019 | next_election2 =| session_room = | session_res = | meeting_place = Town Hall, 18 High Street, Tewkesbury, GL20 5AL | website = {{url|www.tewkesburytowncouncil.gov.uk/}} | footnotes = }} The Town of Tewkesbury is located within the Non-Metropolitan County of Gloucestershire and forms part of the Tewkesbury Urban Area. Civil Parishes of Tewkesbury Town, Wheatpieces and Northway form the Tewkesbury Urban Area. The Tewkesbury Town Civil Parish is the largest Parish within the Urban Area and is the location of the Deveraux Centre, Tewkesbury Community Hospital, Tewkesbury Leisure Centre, Tewkesbury Borough Council Public Services Centre and the main shopping streets. The Town Council (not to be confused with Tewkesbury Borough, which covers a wider area than Tewkesbury Town) has 16 members from the 4 wards of Town with Mitton, Newtown, Priors Park, and Mythe who are elected every four years. Councillors were last elected in 2015, with all councillors sitting as independents. The Mayor of Tewkesbury Councillor Christine Danter is the civic head of the Council and chairs meetings of the Full Council. The Council also appoints a Deputy Mayor who supports the Mayor in their duties and often succeeds to the office of Mayor in the following civic year. The Council was formally established in 1974 following the dissolution of the municipal borough of Tewkesbury but continues to occupy the same premises and maintains the same civic role within the Town. Following the 2019 Local Elections, the Town Council will continue to be formed of 16 members representing 3 wards of Tewkesbury North, Tewkesbury South and Newtown. The boundaries of these new Town Council Wards will mirror the new Tewkesbury Borough Wards of Tewkesbury North with Twyning, Tewkesbury South and Tewkesbury East. The Gloucestershire County Council divisions of Tewkesbury and Tewkesbury East will be unchanged by the new Ward Boundaries at the Town and Borough Councils. Tewkesbury is also covered by Tewkesbury Borough Council (district level) and Gloucestershire County Council. Tewkesbury is part of the wider Tewkesbury constituency for elections to the House of Commons and is represented in the European Parliament as part of the South West England constituency in the European Parliament. Through the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, a new District Council was created comprising the pre-1974 Tewkesbury Borough, Cheltenham Rural District and parts of Gloucester Rural District. In May 1973 a joint committee of the predecessor Councils recommended that a new Royal Charter be applied for. This Royal Charter conferring Borough Status was granted on 27 February 1973 and took effect on 1 April 1974. By virtue of this Charter the Borough appoint a Mayor and Deputy Mayor which results in there being two Mayors covering Tewkesbury at different level of government. The Borough Mayor being the first citizen of Tewkesbury Borough and the Town Mayor being the first citizen of the Town itself. Historical Governance and Town MayoraltyThe following table lists the Mayors of Tewkesbury between 1836 and 1973. After 1973 both Tewkesbury Borough and Tewkesbury Town Council have appointed the Borough Mayor and Town Mayor respectively. The date of the Mayors Election changed from November to May in 1947/48 during the term of office of J.O. Martin JP.
Railways{{main article|Tewkesbury railway station}}Tewkesbury is served by Ashchurch for Tewkesbury railway station.[11] It was the last mainline station in Gloucestershire to be reopened after British Rail was fragmented into Railtrack. The first station was opened by the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway in 1840 and was sited in the High Street It was replaced in 1864 by a new station built for the Tewkesbury and Malvern Railway. This closed on 14 August 1961, when the Ashchurch to Upton-on-Severn passenger service was withdrawn by British Railways (through trains to {{rws|Great Malvern}} had previously ceased in December 1952). Freight traffic continued until final closure in December 1964. Road transportTewkesbury is served by the M5 and M50 motorways and the A38 and A46 trunk roads. There are frequent direct buses to Ashchurch for Tewkesbury railway station and to Cheltenham. Other direct bus services include Gloucester and Evesham. Congestion on the A46 around Ashchurch and junction 9 of the M5 is being addressed through a series of road works starting in 2014.[12] Culture
Festivals and fairs
Cultural references
Notable people
Sports and recreation
Twin townTewkesbury Borough is twinned with Miesbach in Bavaria, Germany.[18] Tewkesbury Town has had a sister city relationship twinned with Tewksbury Township, New Jersey, United States of America since 2003. References1. ^https://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southwestengland.php?cityid=E34004442 2. ^Toulmin Smith L., ed. 1909, The Itinerary of John Leland, London, IV, 150 3. ^ Open Domesday Online: Tewkesbury 4. ^Tewkesbury Borough Council – Statistics {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718153556/http://www.tewkesbury.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=432 |date=18 July 2011 }} 5. ^C. J. Litzenberger, ed. Tewkesbury Churchwardens' Accounts, 1563-1624 (Stroud, Gloucester: 1994) vii. 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Jenkins |first1=Simon |title= England's Thousand Best Churches|year= 1999|page=228}} 7. ^Pub-explorer.com. Pub-explorer.com. 8. ^ {{dead link|date=September 2017}} 9. ^Secret meetings, codes & community: the story of the Old Baptist Chapel in Tewkesbury - official guidebook, {{ISBN|978 1 78442 134 2}}, published 2015 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-35438785|title=William Shakespeare's family roots traced to Tewkesbury|date=29 January 2016|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Ashchurch and Tewkesbury District Rail Promotion Group|url=http://ashchurchandtewkesburyrail.webs.com/index.htm|accessdate=28 May 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/road-projects/a46-ashchurch-and-m5-junction-improvements |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-06-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200651/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/road-projects/a46-ashchurch-and-m5-junction-improvements |archivedate=2 June 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 13. ^Tewkesbury Grammar School 1576 – 1972, Paul Fluck, Grenfell Publications 1987 14. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406044605/http://www.tewkesbury.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=1645|date=6 April 2008}} 15. ^Anthea Jones Tewkesbury 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.showmensguild.co.uk/ |title=Showmen's Guild of Great Britain Central Office |publisher=Showmensguild.co.uk |date=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/musicadeosacra/|title=Musica Deo Sacra|publisher=}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Bavarian twin has much in common with sibling|url=http://www.gloucestercitizen.co.uk/Bavarian-twin-common-sibling/story-11900036-detail/story.html|publisher=Gloucester Citizen|accessdate=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330173513/http://www.gloucestercitizen.co.uk/Bavarian-twin-common-sibling/story-11900036-detail/story.html|archive-date=30 March 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} External links{{Commons category|Tewkesbury}}{{Collier's Poster}}{{wikivoyage|Tewkesbury}}
3 : Tewkesbury|Populated places on the River Severn|Towns in Gloucestershire |
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