| 释义 |
- History Roof Other sports events Concerts Other events In television Seating capacity The Cowboys' departure Closure Demolition
- References
- Sources
- External links
{{Infobox venue
|stadium_name = Texas Stadium
|logo_image =
|image =
|caption = Texas Stadium in November 2008
|location = 2401 East Airport Freeway
Irving, Texas, U.S.
|coordinates = {{Coord|32.840|N|96.911|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|display=inline,title}}
|broke_ground = {{start date|1969|01|26}}[1]
|opened = October 24, 1971[2][3]
|closed = December 25, 2008
|demolished = {{start date|2010|04|11}}
|owner = City of Irving
|operator = Texas Stadium Corp[4]
|surface = Artificial turf
- Texas Turf (1971–1995)
- AstroTurf (1996–2002)
- RealGrass (2002–2008)
|construction_cost = US$35 million
(${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|35000000|1971}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}})
|architect = A. Warren Morey
|general_contractor = JW Bateson Co., Inc.
|former_names =
|tenants = Dallas Cowboys (NFL) (1971–2008)
Dallas Tornado (NASL) (1972–1975, 1980–1981)
SMU Mustangs (NCAA) (1979–1986)
|seating_capacity = 65,675
}}{{Location map
|USA
|relief = 1
|label = Texas Stadium
|lat = 32.840
|long = -96.911
|caption = Location in the United States
|marksize = 5
|float =
|background =
|width = 280
}}Texas Stadium was an American football stadium located in Irving, Texas, a suburb west of Dallas. Opened in October 1971,[2] it was known for its distinctive "hole in the roof", after plans to construct a retractable roof were abandoned. The stadium was the home field of the NFL's Dallas Cowboys for 38 seasons, through 2008, and had a seating capacity of 65,675. In 2009, the Cowboys moved to the $1.15 billion AT&T Stadium in Arlington.[5] Texas Stadium was demolished on April 11, 2010 by a controlled implosion. HistoryThe Cowboys had played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas since their inception in 1960. However, by the mid-1960s, founding owner Clint Murchison, Jr. felt that the Fair Park area of the city had become unsafe and downtrodden, and did not want his season ticket holders to be forced to go through it.[6] Murchison was denied a request by mayor Erik Jonsson to build a new stadium in downtown Dallas as part of a municipal bond package.[7] Murchison envisioned a new stadium with sky boxes and one in which attendees would have to pay a personal seat license as a prerequisite to purchasing season tickets.[8] With two games left for the Cowboys to play in the 1967 season, Murchison and Cowboys general manager Tex Schramm announced a plan to build a new stadium in the northwest suburb of Irving.[8] Texas Stadium, along with Arrowhead Stadium (1972), Rich Stadium (1973), and the Pontiac Silverdome (1975), were part of a new wave of football-only stadiums (all with artificial turf) built after the AFL–NFL merger. More so than its contemporaries, Texas Stadium featured a proliferation of luxury boxes, which provided the team with a large new income source exempt from league revenue sharing.{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} It hosted its first game on October 24, 1971, a 44–21 victory over the New England Patriots,[2][3] and became an icon of the Cowboys with their rise in national prominence. The Cowboys entered the season as defending NFC champions and won their first world title in Super Bowl VI in January 1972. The field was surrounded by a blue wall emblazoned with white stars, a design replicated in its successor, AT&T Stadium. Texas Stadium's field alignment (between the goal posts) was southwest-to-northeast, perpendicular to the Cotton Bowl, which is southeast-to-northwest. RoofThe most distinctive element of Texas Stadium was its partial roof, the only one in the NFL. The roof was originally supposed to be the first retractable roof in the NFL. However, it was discovered that the structure could not support the additional weight. This resulted in most of the stands being enclosed but not the playing field itself. This design prompted Cowboys linebacker D. D. Lewis to make his now-famous (and much paraphrased) quip "Texas Stadium has a hole in its roof so God can watch His favorite team play."[9][10] This meant that weather could become a factor in games, perhaps most famously in the Thanksgiving Day game against the Miami Dolphins in 1993, which saw the field covered with snow. This unusual arrangement also made it difficult to televise games, a problem, generally speaking, foreseen by the original architect [11] as sunlight would cover part of the field and make it hard for the cameras to adjust for the changes in light. The roof at Texas Stadium, whose worn paint had become unsightly in the early 2000s, was repainted in the summer of 2006 by the city of Irving, the stadium's owners. It was the first time the famed roof was repainted since Texas Stadium opened. The roof was structurally independent from the stadium it covered.{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} Other sports eventsThe stadium hosted neutral-site college football games and was the home field of the SMU Mustangs for eight seasons, from 1979 through 1986. After the school returned from an NCAA-imposed suspension in 1988, school officials moved games back to the school's on-campus Ownby Stadium to signify a clean start for the football program (since replaced by Gerald J. Ford Stadium in 2000). The 2001 Big 12 Football Championship Game was held at the site. The 1973 Pro Bowl was held at Texas Stadium in front of 47,879 spectators. In November and December, Texas Stadium was a major venue for high school football. It was not uncommon for there to be high school football tripleheaders at the stadium. Texas Stadium served as a temporary home for two Dallas-area high schools, Plano Senior High School in 1979 after its home stadium was damaged by a prank gone awry, and Highland Park High School while a new stadium on campus was being built. The stadium has also played host to the two largest capacity crowds for Texas high school football playoff games. In 1977, Plano defeated Port Neches-Groves 13-10 in front of a record crowd of 49,953.[12] In 2006, the long-awaited mythical matchup between Trinity High School and Carroll Senior High School in the second round of the playoffs, ending in a scintillating 22-21 Southlake victory (on their way to a fourth 5A state championship in five years) before an announced crowd of 46,339 at Texas Stadium.[12] The attendance appears to approach 60,000 midway through the third quarter, which would have set an all-time playoff record. These games marked two of the top three all-time attendance figures for a Texas high school football game and the stadium recorded three of the top twenty attendance records.[12] In 1994, the stadium hosted the John Tyler vs. Plano East high school football regional playoff, whose wild seesaw finish won it the 1995 Showstopper of the Year ESPY Award. In addition to American football, the Dallas Tornado of the NASL used it as their home stadium from 1972 to 1975 and again from 1980 to 1981 when the team folded. On November 21, 1991, U.S. soccer team played a friendly match against Costa Rica. | Dallas Cowboys|border=2;|Competition | Dallas Cowboys|border=2;|Res | [14] during the organization's first two years of existence (1994 & 1995). In both instances, the event was won by three-time PBR world champion Adriano Morães. The 1995 event was also notable because it rained while the roof was open, turning much of the dirt into mud, which affected the performance of several bulls. On May 25, 2008, Texas Stadium hosted the first ever professional lacrosse game in Texas when the two-time defending Major League Lacrosse champions Philadelphia Barrage played the Long Island Lizards. Both teams compete in the Eastern Conference of the Major League Lacrosse[15] The Carthage Bulldogs faced the Celina Bobcats at Texas Stadium, becoming the last high school football game played there. The Carthage Bulldogs won, becoming state champions in 2008.[16][17] Concerts | Dallas Cowboys|border=2;|Artist | Dallas Cowboys|border=2;|Tour / Concert name | Dallas Cowboys|border=2;|Revenue | |
|---|
| September 24, 1993 | Garth Brooks | — | The Garth Brooks World Tour | — | — | The first show was recorded and broadcast on NBC, titled This is Garth Brooks, Too! (a follow-up to Brooks' 1992 televised concert).[18] It was later included in Brooks' The Entertainer DVD collection, released in 2006. | | September 25, 1993 | | October 22, 1994 | Carman | — | — | 71,132 | — | [19][20] | | November 14, 1999 | Shania Twain | — | Come On Over Tour | 40,000 | — | This concert was filmed for a CBS TV special which aired on Thanksgiving night.[21] | | July 9, 2000 | Metallica | Korn
Kid Rock
Powerman 5000
System of a Down | Summer Sanitarium Tour | — | — | Metallica lead singer James Hetfield was unable to attend the concert as he hurt his back during a jet skiing accident while in Georgia before the Atlanta show. Metallica bassist Jason Newsted, along with other lead singers from the other bands on hand, sang most of the songs. Metallica did return in August to perform two make-up shows at the Starplex in Dallas a month later.[22] | | August 3, 2003 | Metallica | Linkin Park
Limp Bizkit
Deftones
Mudvayne | Summer Sanitarium Tour | — | — |
Other events The stadium hosted religious gatherings such as Promise Keepers and Billy Graham crusades; a Graham crusade was the first event held at Texas Stadium. From 1984 to 1988, the stadium hosted the annual World Class Championship Wrestling David Von Erich "Memorial Parade of Champions" professional wrestling card every May. The initial 1984 card drew more than 40,000 fans, the highest attendance of any wrestling card in the state of Texas at that time. From October 17 to October 20, 2002, evangelist Billy Graham held the Metroplex Mission crusade in Texas Stadium. Several Christian musical groups also played during the event. Former president George H. W. Bush gave an introduction for Graham on the first night of the crusade. In television The stadium appeared in numerous episodes of the television series, Walker, Texas Ranger (1993–2001), which was filmed in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. Throughout the network run of the television series Dallas, a number of scenes were filmed on location at Texas Stadium. An overhead shot of the stadium (looking down at the field from the hole in the roof) was also featured prominently as part of the show's opening credits for each of its thirteen seasons on CBS. This trend has continued with the new series with AT&T Stadium taking its place. Seating capacity |
|---|
| 65,000[23] |
|---|
| 65,111[24] |
|---|
| 65,101[25] |
|---|
| 63,855[26] |
|---|
| 65,024[27] |
|---|
| 65,812[28] |
|---|
| 65,675[29] |
|---|
| 65,639[30] |
|---|
| 65,529[31] |
|---|
The Cowboys' departureWhen opened, the stadium had many amenities that included 381 luxury suites, a stadium club where fans gathered for parties and banquets, and The Corral that provided food, beverages, entertainment and large screen televisions. However, by the 2000s other NFL teams received new stadiums that had more club and luxury seating than Texas Stadium had, so the Dallas Cowboys asked for a new stadium.[32][33][34] The Cowboys left Texas Stadium after the 2008 NFL season for AT&T Stadium (opened for the 2009 NFL season) that was partially funded by taxpayers in Arlington, Texas. In November 2004, Arlington voters approved a half-cent (.005 per U.S. dollar) sales tax to fund $325 million of the then estimated $650 million stadium by a margin of 55%-45%. Jerry Jones, the Cowboys' owner, spent over $5 million backing the ballot measure, but also agreed to cover any cost overruns which as of 2006 had already raised the estimated cost of the project to $1 billion. AT&T Stadium, which has a retractable roof system, also includes a setting that mimics a hole in the roof as a tribute to Texas Stadium.[35][36] The Cowboys lost their final game at Texas Stadium to the Baltimore Ravens, 33–24, on December 20, 2008. ClosureThe stadium was scheduled for demolition and implosion on April 11, 2010, as confirmed by the mayor of Irving on September 23, 2009.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Many of the items in the stadium were auctioned off by the city and the Dallas Cowboys including the stadium seats, scoreboard and other pieces of memorabilia. The City of Irving announced that the Texas Department of Transportation would pay $15.4 million to lease the site for 10 years for use as a staging location for the State Highway 114/Loop 12 diamond interchange. The city has the right to relocate the staging area if redevelopment becomes available.[37] DemolitionOn September 23, 2009, the City of Irving granted a demolition contract to Weir Brothers Inc., a local Dallas based company, for the demolition and implosion of the stadium.[38][39][40] On December 31, 2009, The City of Irving and Kraft Foods announced details of their sponsorship deal for the stadium's implosion — including a national essay contest with the winner getting to pull the trigger that finishes off the stadium. Kraft paid the city $75,000 and donated $75,000 worth of food to local food banks to promote its "Cheddar Explosion" version of Kraft Macaroni & Cheese.[41] The city council unanimously approved the sponsorship deal. At 7:07 a.m. CDT on April 11, 2010, 11-year-old Casey Rogers turned the key to cause the demolition.[42] From the first explosion, it took approximately 25 seconds for the stadium to completely fall. Debris removal continued until July 2010. Texas's Department of Transportation is using the site as an equipment storage and staging area, after which Irving will decide long-term plans.[43] In 2013–15, the area around the former stadium has been the epicenter for at least 46 small earthquakes, ranging in magnitude from 1.6 to 3.6.[44] References1. ^Texas Stadium - History, Photos & More of the former NFL stadium of the Dallas Cowboys
2. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gslRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vWwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5948%2C3731036 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |agency=Associated Press |title=Dallas taps Pats for 44-21 win |date=October 25, 1971 |page=35 }}
3. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fQkkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4hAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7195%2C4848666|newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |agency=UPI |title=Cowboys run over Patriots |date=October 25, 1971 |page=3, part 2}}
4. ^http://football.ballparks.com/NFL/DallasCowboys/index.htm
5. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/cowboys/2009-09-17-cowboys-stadium-cover_N.htm | work=USA Today | title='This transcends football': 'Boys boast as new stadium shines | first=Jarrett | last=Bell | date=September 18, 2009}}
6. ^Shropshire, 1997 pg. 138-139
7. ^Shropshire, 1997 pg. 139
8. ^1 Shropshire, 1997 pg. 139-140
9. ^ {{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
10. ^
11. ^Shropshire, 1997 pg. 140
12. ^1 2 {{Cite web | last=Doelle | first=Chris | title=Texas High School Football All-Time Highest Attendance | publisher=Lone Star Gridiron | url=http://lonestargridiron.com/history-records/all-time-highest-attendance-current-through-2010/ | accessdate=June 5, 2013 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612101026/http://lonestargridiron.com/history-records/all-time-highest-attendance-current-through-2010/ | archivedate=June 12, 2013 | df= }}
13. ^2015 AMA Supercross media guide
14. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owJO1qK5B3s PBR Tour: Battle of the Bulls at Texas Stadium (April 22, 1995)]
15. ^Major League Lacrosse (MLL) Makes Texas Debut {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502045549/http://majorleaguelacrosse.com/news/index.html?article_id=905 |date=2008-05-02 }}
16. ^{{Cite web | last=Doelle | first=Chris | title=Carthage downs Celina 49-37 in last Texas Stadium high school game | publisher=Lone Star Gridiron | url = http://lonestargridiron.com/2008/12/19/carthage-downs-celina-49-37-in-last-texas-stadium-high-school-game/ | date=December 19, 2008}}
17. ^{{Cite web | last=Doelle | first=Chris | title=122008 – BONUS Celina vs Carthage | publisher=Lone Star Gridiron | url = http://lonestargridiron.com/2008/12/23/122008-bonus-celina-vs-carthage/ | date=December 23, 2008}}
18. ^{{cite news|last1=Sandler|first1=Adam|title=Review: ‘This Is Garth Brooks, Too!’|url=https://variety.com/1994/tv/reviews/this-is-garth-brooks-too-1200437324/|accessdate=10 March 2016|work=Variety|date=6 May 1994}}
19. ^{{cite book|last=Alfonso|first=Barry|title=The Billboard guide to Contemporary Christian Music|publisher=Billboard Books|page=134|location=New York|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8230-7718-2}}
20. ^{{cite web|last=Ankeny|first=Jason|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p2229|pure_url=yes}}|title= Carman – Biography|publisher=Allmusic (Macrovision Corporation)|accessdate=December 9, 2009}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.livedaily.com/news/1003.html |title=Shania Twain Adds Cities To Her East Coast Tour |author=Evans, Rob |date=11 October 1999 |work=LiveDaily |publisher=Ticketmaster Entertainment, Inc. |accessdate=24 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030830184429/http://www.livedaily.com/news/1003.html|archivedate=30 August 2003}}
22. ^{{cite web|last=Basham|first=David|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1432057/20000710/metallica.jhtml |title=UPDATE: Metallica Frontman Forced to Sit Out Shows|work=MTV.com |publisher=MTV Networks |date=2000-07-10 |accessdate=2009-02-07}}
23. ^{{cite news |title=Cowboys, 49ers in Collision|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ok8fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vdEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4256,336756&dq=en|newspaper=Daytona Beach Morning Journal|date=January 1, 1972}}
24. ^{{cite web |title=1973 Dallas Cowboys Media Guide|url=http://media.dallascowboys.com/media-guide/1973-media-guide.tekdownload|publisher=Dallas Cowboys|accessdate=June 4, 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news |title=SMU-Arkansas Game a Sellout|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1PU_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=SFgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5581,5575718&dq=en|newspaper=Associated Press|date=November 15, 1982}}
26. ^{{cite news |title=Cowboys Buying Ads to Sell More Tickets|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-BZQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XFYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7186,7463954&dq=en|newspaper=The Victoria Advocate|date=June 27, 1988}}
27. ^{{cite news |title=Cowboys Are in Demand|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zytDAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0KwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1197,1945527&dq=en|newspaper=Altus Times|date=September 20, 1992}}
28. ^{{cite news |title=City Officials Vow to Bring Super Bowl to Irving, Texas|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fJtPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pFIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2716,1858417&dq=en|newspaper=Kingman Daily Miner|date=February 8, 1996}}
29. ^{{cite news |title=Sports Line|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wi1fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KU8NAAAAIBAJ&pg=6586,1764766&dq=en|newspaper=The Bonham Daily Favorite|date=June 23, 1999}}
30. ^{{cite web |title=2001 Dallas Cowboys Media Guide|url=http://media.dallascowboys.com/media-guide/2001-media-guide.tekdownload|publisher=Dallas Cowboys|year=2001|accessdate=June 8, 2018}}
31. ^{{cite news |title=2003 Dallas Cowboys Media Guide|url=http://media.dallascowboys.com/media-guide/2003-media-guide.tekdownload|publisher=Dallas Cowboys|year=2003|accessdate=June 8, 2018}}
32. ^https://www.stadiumsofprofootball.com/stadiums/texas-stadium/
33. ^https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/the-great-american-stadium-high-cost-short-lifespan-1.2659341
34. ^https://www.houstonchronicle.com/sports/columnists/smith/article/Facing-the-reality-of-NRG-Stadium-upgrades-10926138.php
35. ^sports.espn.go.com/nfl
36. ^Jerrydome or Jerry Dome (Dallas Cowboys Stadium in Arlington)
37. ^{{cite press release | url = http://www.ci.irving.tx.us/news-articles/texas-stadium-transition-0209.html | title = Texas Stadium Transition Under Way | date = 2010-02-16 | accessdate = 2010-04-11 | publisher = City of Irving, Texas | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528231016/http://www.ci.irving.tx.us/news-articles/texas-stadium-transition-0209.html | archivedate = 2010-05-28 | df = }}
38. ^Plans for the Demolition of Texas Stadium Move Forward after City Council Approves Resolution
39. ^Texas Stadium Demolition Set
40. ^The Dallas Morning News - Irving officials consider Texas Stadium demolition contracts, events {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102083044/http://cbs11tv.com/local/irving.auction.texas.2.1207297.html |date=2010-01-02 }}
41. ^Dallas Cowboys' Old Home Gets Dynamited in a Macaroni Big Bang
42. ^"Texas Stadium leveled in successful implosion". Associated Press. April 11, 2010.
43. ^Dallas Morning News: What's next after demolition?
44. ^
Sources- Shropshire, Mike. (1997). The Ice Bowl. New York: Donald I. Fine Books. {{ISBN|1-55611-532-6}}
External links{{Portal|Dallas-Fort Worth}}{{Commons category}}- Sarnoff, Nancy. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20100426184427/http://blogs.chron.com/primeproperty/2010/04/in_irving_stadium_implosiondev.html In Irving, stadium implosion=development opportunity]." Houston Chronicle. April 19, 2010.
- crossroadsdfw.com shows potential redevelopment plans for the stadium after the Cowboys leave.
{{s-start}}{{Succession box
|title = Home of the
Dallas Cowboys
|years = 1971–2008
|before = Cotton Bowl
|after = AT&T Stadium
}}{{Succession box
|title = Home of the
Dallas Tornado
|years = 1972–1975
1980–1981
|before = Franklin Field
Ownby Stadium
|after = Ownby Stadium
final venue
}}{{Succession box
|title = Host of the NFL Pro Bowl
|years = 1973
|before = Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
|after = Arrowhead Stadium
}}{{Succession box
|title = Home of the
Big 12 Championship Game
|years = 2001
|before = Arrowhead Stadium
|after = Reliant Stadium
}}{{Succession box
|title = Host of NFC Championship Game
|years = 1972
1974
1978
1994
1996
|before = Kezar Stadium
RFK Stadium
Metropolitan Stadium
Candlestick Park
Candlestick Park
|after = RFK Stadium
Metropolitan Stadium
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Candlestick Park
Lambeau Field
}}{{end}}{{Dallas Cowboys}}{{Dallas Tornado}}{{Irving, Texas}}{{SMU Mustangs football navbox}}{{Defunct NFL stadiums}}{{Big 12 Championship Game navbox}}{{AMA Supercross venues}} 21 : 1971 establishments in Texas|2010 disestablishments in Texas|American football venues in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Big 12 Championship Game venues|Buildings and structures in Irving, Texas|Dallas Cowboys stadiums|Dallas Tornado sports facilities|Defunct college football venues|Defunct National Football League venues|Defunct soccer venues in the United States|Demolished sports venues in Texas|Former Major League Lacrosse venues|North American Soccer League (1968–84) stadiums|Wrestling venues in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Professional wrestling venues in Texas|SMU Mustangs football venues|Sports in Irving, Texas|Sports venues completed in 1971|Sports venues demolished in 2010|Soccer venues in Texas|Buildings and structures demolished by controlled implosion
|
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。
|