| 词条 | The Art Institutes |
| 释义 |
| name = The Art Institutes | image = The Art Institutes.png | caption = The Art Institutes logo | motto = | founder = | established = {{Start date|1969}} | mission = | focus = Nonprofit institution[1][2] | president = Charles Restivo[3] | faculty = | adjunct_faculty = | staff = | key_people = | budget = | endowment = | debt = | num_members = | subsidiaries = | owner = Education Principle Foundation | city = | state = Delaware | country = United States | coor = | website = {{URL|www.artinstitutes.edu}} | dissolved = | footnotes = }} The Art Institutes are a collection of eight for-profit art schools owned by Education Principle Foundation and the remnants of two failed parent companies: for-profit college operator Education Management Corporation (EDMC) and Dream Center Education Holdings (DCEH). [4] [5][6][7]The schools offer master's degrees, bachelor's degrees, associate degrees, and certificates in visual, creative, applied, and culinary arts.[8] Student loan debtors have appealed to the US Department of Education for debt cancellation through defense to repayment claims. These efforts are premised on the allegations that they were defrauded. [9] Students who attended the school during the time it closed may also be eligible for student loan cancellation. [10]The student debt group "I Am Ai" has acted as a support group for students and former of the Art Institutes, offering advice about debt cancellation.[11] HistoryAt its height, The Art Institutes, as a for-profit college entity, had more than 50 campuses. However, as the for-profit education sector came under scrutiny, many campuses saw a marked decrease in enrollment. At least 35 schools closed in 2017–18, leaving about a dozen schools under two separate owners.[12][13] The Art Institutes system was created in 1969 when Education Management Corporation (EDMC) acquired The Art Institute of Pittsburgh,[14][15][16] which was founded in 1921.[17] The Art Institutes' former parent company, Education Management Corporation (EDMC), was headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[18] In November 2014, EDMC was delisted from the NASDAQ amid financial difficulties, lawsuits, and investigations[19] and its stock was valued at less than one cent per share. Growth (2000-2009)Starting in 2000, The Art Institutes began offering bachelor's degrees[20] and, in 2001, launched its distance education program, Art Institute Online, which began offering bachelor's and non-degree programs online.[16][21] Throughout the 2000s, The Art Institutes expanded through the acquisition of existing art colleges and the establishment of new Art Institutes.[22] In 2001, there were around 20 campuses of The Art Institutes;[16] this grew to approximately 30 locations in 2006[23] before reaching 50 Art Institutes in 2010.[24] Downfall and collapse (2009-present)EDMC's initial public offering (IPO) was in 2009. Todd S. Nelson, who was previously the CEO of Apollo Education Group, became an EDMC board member in 2007 and the Chairman of the Board of Directors in 2012.[25] In 2011, Frontline released a documentary titled Educating Sergeant Pantzke. In the documentary, Iraq war veteran Chris Pantzke discussed the lack of disability services at the school. According to Pantzke, "Being a soldier, you don't want to quit, you don't want to give up or fail." After doing his own research, Pantzke concluded that the degree he was pursuing wasn't "worth much more than the paper is worth," and felt he was "throwing away taxpayer money" by using GI Bill funds.[26] In 2012, The Art Institute schools began to experience a decrease in the number of new students enrolling, seeing enrollment numbers drop by approximately 20 percent between the second quarter of the 2012 fiscal year and the start of 2013. EDMC has attributed the drop in enrollment to limited access to Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students and the economic recession.[14] In February 2013, EDMC announced plans for a three-year-old tuition freeze at The Art Institutes. Under this plan, the company pledged to maintain the current cost of tuition through 2015.[27] In June 2013, EDMC announced that its President John Mazzoni would resign effective July 14, 2013, after 27 years at the organization. Charles Restivo, Group Vice President, would become the Interim President of The Art Institutes.[28] In 2014, the US Department of Education reported that ten EDMC campuses, including several Art Institutes, were placed under heightened cash monitoring. The Art Institute of Pittsburgh was one of the schools listed.[29] In May 2015, EDMC announced that it would be closing 15 of the Art Institute locations. "A total of 5,432 students are enrolled among the campuses that are slated to close, according to a list provided by EDMC. The company will undergo a teach out process at each location, meaning each campus will continue to offer courses, student services and placement assistance until the last student has graduated, according to Hardman."[30] Campuses slated to close included those in Atlanta, New York City, Ohio, Texas and Pennsylvania. In January 2016, EDMC announced that additional Art Institutes would be ceasing enrollments. These campuses are The Art Institute of California – Los Angeles, The Art Institute of St. Louis, and the Art Institute of Tucson.[31] At least 200 additional employees were laid off in May 2016.[32] In June 2016, EDMC announced that the Art Institutes International Minnesota would be ceasing enrollments. That meant a total of 19 Art Institute campuses were scheduled to close. In June 2016, Tim Moscato, chief operating officer at the Art Institutes, resigned amid more downsizing.[33] The same month, the US Department of Education voted to end ACICS power to accredit.[34] ACICS was stripped of its power to accredit in September.[35] On September 8, 2016, Art Institutes students known as "I Am Ai" presented a notice to the Director of New England Institute of Art (NEIA) about a lawsuit that would be coming in 30 days.[36] The lawsuit is being written by the Legal Services Center of Harvard Law School.[37] On September 24, 2016, the Attorney General of Massachusetts expressed concern that the teaching duties at NEIA were being taken over by an unlicensed Indian company with no background in teaching US art students. The AG's Office stated that if a proper education for NEIA students could not be ensured, that NEIA should shut down at the end of the 2016.l[38] In December 2016, nine additional Art Institutes were placed on probation by their accreditor, Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).[39] Politico added that an Indian company might be buying the Art Institute of New York City and NEIA.[40]In 2017, Education Management Corporation reported that it had sold the existing Art Institutes to The Dream Center Foundation, a Los Angeles-based Pentecostal organization.[41][42] The sale was complete in October 2017.[43] In July 2017, an accrediting agency, Middle States Association, rejected the sale of the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Art Institutes to the Dream Center Foundation.[44] In 2018, Dream Center Education Holdings reported that more AI campuses would be closing in 2018.[45] In 2019, as many as 13 Art Institute campuses may remain open.[46][47] However, the remaining schools face financial struggles in 2019.[48] In December 2018, 23 Art Institutes were closed. In January 2019, The Washington Student Achievement Council suspended AI-Seattle's license to operate, which blocks enrollment of new students. The council will reinstate the license when Dream Center Education Holdings shows that it has "regained financial solvency or completed a viable reorganization."[52] AI Las Vegas also received a show cause notice from ACICS requesting that the school provide information showing why it should not lose its accreditation.[49] In January 2019, DCEH chairman Randall Barton stated that the Art Institutes, excluding the Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Art Institute of Las Vegas and Argosy University campuses, have been transferred to the Education Principle Foundation.[50][51][52] Also in January 2019, Dream Center Education Holdings announced that AI schools, excluding AI Pittsburgh, AI Las Vegas, and Argosy campuses, had been transferred to the Education Principle Foundation with help from the US Department of Education.[50] In February 2019, A federal court-appointed receiver halted Dream Center Education Holdings' plans to close the Art Institute of Pittsburgh on March 31,2019.[53] Art Institute students from closed schools have been directed to DCEH's partner institutions, including other for-profit colleges: DeVry University, Walden University, and Trident University.[54] In March 2019, teachers and other staff had not been paid their final pay checks. [55] Schools and programsThe Art Institutes offer degree programs at the associate's, bachelor's and master's levels, as well as non-degree diploma programs. Areas of study include graphic design, media arts and animation, culinary arts, photography, digital filmmaking and video production, interior design, audio production, fashion design, game art and design, baking and pastry, and fashion marketing.[56] The Art Institutes in Fort Lauderdale, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Minnesota, New York City, Phoenix, Saint Louis, Salt Lake City, Tucson, Vancouver, Wisconsin, and York were accredited by ACICS,[57] which has lost its accreditation power from the US Department of Education.[35] Nine additional Art Institutes (The Art Institute of Atlanta, The Art Institute of Houston, Miami International University of Art and Design) and their branch campuses in Charleston, Nashville, Arlington, Virginia Beach, Austin and San Antonio were placed on probation by their accreditor, Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), in December 2016.[39] In August 2018, the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review reported that the Art Institute of Pittsburgh may lose their accreditation in 2019.[58] Continued layoffs and downsizing at the remaining campuses occurred in late 2018.[59] LocationsEducation Principle Foundation schools and their accreditors
DCEH schools and their accreditors
Closed or sold campuses{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
Teach-outsTeach-outs are a period of time when new student enrollment has stopped, and remaining students are given a period of time to finish their programs.[74] In May 2015, EDMC spokesperson Chris Hardman stated that the teach-outs would take two to three years.[66] Accreditation issuesThe Art Institute of Las Vegas is accredited by ACICS; however, the Interior Design Bachelor of Arts, Media Arts & Animation Bachelor of Science, Baking & Pastry Associate of Science, Culinary Arts Diploma program were placed on student achievement show-cause due to material non-compliance with its retention rate standard of 60%. Art Institute of Pittsburgh was placed on probation by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education because of insufficient evidence that the institution is currently in compliance with Standard II (Integrity), Requirement of Affiliation 14, and the Related Entities Policy. The school will go through a probationary period until accreditation is reaffirmed or lost. The school has until March 2019 to submit information to show why the agency should not remove the school's accreditation.[67] The regional accreditor, the Higher Learning Commission, voted to voted to impose their Change of Control policy after the sale from EDMC to DCEH to the following campuses: Chicago, Schaumburg, Colorado, and Michigan. Moving them from accredited to candidacy status for a minimum of six months. Any credits earned after February 2018 are unaccredited institutionally. Heightened cash monitoring (HCM)As of June 1, 2016, twelve Art Institute campuses were under heightened cash monitoring (or HCM1) by the US Department of Education because colleges are required to hold a certain amount of money to meet obligations in case the school closes prematurely. Campuses affected were Pittsburgh, Portland, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Fort Lauderdale, Minnesota, Colorado, Houston, Seattle, New York City, York, and Phoenix.[68] Lawsuits, investigations, and legal settlementsThousands of former students of the Art Institutes claim they have been deceived and misled by the schools and their recruiters and have filed claims with the US Department of Education.[69][70][71] Art Institute students are able to file defense to repayment claims with the US Department of Education.[72] Reports from DCEH's monitor, Marc Dottore, indicate that $9–13 million of federal funds, meant for students stipends, is missing.[73] [74]According to thePittsburgh Post-Gazette, the monitor is "nearly out of cash to manage the entities he’s tasked to oversee."[75] Dottore has written to the Department of Education that Studio Enterprise, a company designated to service former and current DCEH schools, is taking service fees from the deal without providing any services, draining badly-needed cash from the operation.[76] Information about the Education Principle Foundation is limited, but it appears to be formerly known as the Colbeck Foundation.[77] According to the Republic Report, the Colbeck Foundation has ties to Studio Enterprise. [78] In October 2000, EDMC announced the settlement of a lawsuit brought by a group of approximately 350 former students of The Art Institute of Houston.[79][80] The plaintiffs claimed that "they were misled about the nature, quality and utility of the education they would receive at The Art Institute of Houston." From 2011 to 2015, EDMC was involved in a United States Department of Justice investigation and lawsuit alleging both illegal recruitment practices by EDMC schools, including The Art Institutes, and fraudulent receipt of $11 billion in federal and state financial aid money.[81][82][83] A 2011 US DOJ report claimed EDMC "created a 'boiler room' style sales culture and has made recruiting and enrolling new students the sole focus of its compensation system."[84] In May 2013, a federal judge in Pennsylvania rejected a bid to dismiss a lawsuit against EDMC by a former EDMC employee. The lawsuit alleges that the corporation and its affiliates engaged in a scheme to maximize profits from financial aid programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education. The complainant in the case, Jason Sobek, who worked as an admissions director for EDMC in Pittsburgh from June 2008 through November 2010, alleges that the firm falsified information given to the Department of Education that indicated they were in compliance with the loan programs' eligibility requirements. In testimony that provided the basis for the lower court's decision last October, Sobek alleged that EDMC operated a "carefully crafted and widespread for-profit education scheme [in which] defendants have defrauded the United States and its taxpayers out of millions of dollars in the form of federally backed student loans and grants."[85] In 2014, an investigation by the San Francisco City Attorney's office led to a $4.4 million settlement. The city claimed AI used deceptive marketing tactics resulting in underestimated program costs for students and inflated job placement figures for graduates.[86] In November 2015, EDMC agreed to pay $95.5 million to settle claims of illegal recruiting, and consumer fraud. U.S. Attorney David Hickton said "Today's global settlement sends an unmistakable message to all for-profit education companies: the United States will aggressively ferret out fraud and protect innocent students and taxpayer dollars from this kind of egregious abuse."[70] In April 2016, two former AI teachers filed suit in Alameda City Superior Court claiming EDMC did not pay them a minimum wage or provide adequate rest periods, in order "to reduce compensation and increase its own profits."[87] On July 6, 2017, two former Art Institute students filed a lawsuit against Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos for illegally delaying rules intended to protect borrowers' rights. They were represented by the Project on Predatory Student Lending and Public Citizen in two lawsuits.[88] This lawsuit helped clear the way for 2016 Borrower Defense Rule to take effect.[89] In December 2018, Art Institute students filed a lawsuit in Cook County Circuit Court, claiming that Dream Center Educational Holdings failed to notify students it had lost institutional accreditation at four Illinois AI campuses.[90] References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.artinstitutes.edu/about/blog/dceh-completes-transition-of-remaining-art-institutes-locations|title=Dream Center Education Holdings Completes Transition of Remaining Art Institutes Locations to Nonprofit Institutions|website=www.artinstitutes.edu|access-date=June 8, 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2017/10/18/EDMC-completes-sale-of-schools-to-Dream-Center-Art-Institute/stories/201710180113|title=EDMC completes sale of schools to Dream Center|publisher=|access-date=June 9, 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Officers - Charles Restivo|url=http://www.edmc.edu/about/officers/RestivoCharles.aspx|website=edmc.com|access-date=September 4, 2015}} 4. ^https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Nightmarish-End-of-the/245855 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.educationdive.com/news/art-institute-deal-left-dream-center-in-dire-situation-receiver-says/548330/|title=Art Institute deal left Dream Center in 'dire' situation, receiver says|author=|date=|website=Education Dive|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2019/01/14/nonprofit-dream-center-facing-bankruptcy|title=Nonprofit Dream Center Facing Bankruptcy - Inside Higher Ed|author=|date=|website=www.insidehighered.com|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.educationdive.com/news/facing-insolvency-dream-center-is-unloading-art-institutes/546114/|title=Facing insolvency, Dream Center is unloading Art Institutes|author=|date=|website=Education Dive|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://tucson.com/news/local/education/the-art-institute-of-tucson-is-closing/article_761ab5de-3710-5a4d-8d15-e33443f8dcb8.html|title=The Art Institute of Tucson is closing|last=Alaimo|first=Carol Ann|date=2016-01-22|website=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=2016-05-30}} 9. ^https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/22/thousands-of-students-who-say-they-were-defrauded-by-the-art-institute-awaiting-an-answer-from-the-government--.html 10. ^https://edsource.org/2018/forprofit/600346 11. ^https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Nightmarish-End-of-the/245855 12. ^https://www2.ed.gov/offices/OSFAP/PEPS/docs/oct17sec1.pdf 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://triblive.com/business/businessbriefs/11135773-74/president-atlanta-institute|title=Roundup: Art Institute to relocate to Strip District; Atlanta Fed president leaving; more|first=Staff and Wire|last=Reports|website=TribLIVE.com|accessdate=9 June 2018}} 14. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/business/news/edmcs-enrollment-falls-by-163-percent-673857/|title=EDMC's enrollment falls by 16.3 percent|first=Ann|date=2013-02-08|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|author=Belser|accessdate=2013-05-20}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.twst.com/interview/robert-b-knutson-education-management-corp-edmc?rd=i1|title=Robert B. 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Pantzke: "I Just Want To Be Able To Start Over"|website=FRONTLINE|access-date=2016-05-30}} 27. ^{{cite news|url=http://triblive.com/business/headlines/3558038-74/edmc-company-percent#axzz2OZaxQhp8|title=Education Management CEO praises back-to-basics strategy|first=Andrew|date=28 February 2013|work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|author=Conte|accessdate=20 May 2013}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/john-mazzoni-president-of-the-art-institutes-departs-july-14-2013-212388381.html|title=John Mazzoni, President of The Art Institutes, Departs July 14, 2013|last=Education Management Corporation|website=PR Newswire|access-date=2016-05-30}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://triblive.com/business/headlines/8090206-74/edmc-schools-education|title=EDMC schools on federal list for poor financial management |first=Chris |last=Fleisher |website=TribLIVE.com |accessdate=9 June 2018}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=EDMC to Close 15 Art Institute Locations |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2015/05/06/edmc-to-close-15-art-institute-locations.html|work=Pittsburgh Business Times |date=6 May 2015 |last=Coyne |first=Justine |access-date=February 7, 2019}} 31. ^{{cite news|title=EDMC to Close 3 More Art Institute Locations |url=http://triblive.com/business/businessbriefs/9831308-74/percent-wednesday-construction#axzz3xum2NQnQ|work=Trib Live |date=20 January 2016}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://triblive.com/business/headlines/10422362-74/company-edmc-art|title=EDMC layoffs -- mostly in online division -- hit hundreds in Pittsburgh, Phoenix |last=Fleisher |first=Chris |date=May 5, 2016 |website=TribLIVE.com|language=en-US|access-date=May 30, 2016}} 33. ^http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2016/06/03/art-institutes-coo-resigns.html 34. ^https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-06-23/reglators-vote-to-shut-down-nations-largest-for-profit-accrediting-agency 35. ^1 https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-09-22/education-department-strips-authority-of-acics-the-largest-for-profit-college-accreditor 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdCUr1TdF-M|title=#neiacollective who's the boss|first=|last=I Am Ai|date=7 September 2016 |accessdate=9 June 2018|via=YouTube}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://thinkprogress.org/after-the-latest-closure-of-a-for-profit-college-chain-what-happens-next-eb3fd2d9b007#.89lbubk6n|title=Former Art Institute Students Demand Justice At Their Old Campus |accessdate=9 June 2018}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://framinghamsource.com/index.php/2016/09/24/attorney-general-raises-concerns-new-england-institute-art/|title=Attorney General Raises Concerns About New England Institute of Art |accessdate=9 June 2018}} 39. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/12/07/southern-accreditor-places-10-probation-including-louisville-and-new-ut-campus |title=Southern accreditor places 10 on probation, including Louisville and new UT campus|publisher=|accessdate=9 June 2018}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/tipsheets/morning-education/2016/09/for-profit-college-may-sell-campuses-to-company-in-india-216560 |title=For-profit college may sell campuses to company in India |website=Politico |accessdate=9 June 2018}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/03/03/art-institute-campuses-to-be-sold-to-foundation/|title=Art Institute campuses to be sold to foundation|first=Danielle|last=Douglas-Gabriel|date=3 March 2017|publisher=|accessdate=9 June 2018|via=www.washingtonpost.com}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/03/03/large-profit-chain-edmc-be-bought-dream-center-missionary-group|title=Inside Higher Ed's News|website=www.insidehighered.com|accessdate=9 June 2018}} 43. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2017/10/18/EDMC-completes-sale-of-schools-to-Dream-Center-Art-Institute/stories/201710180113|title=EDMC completes sale of schools to Dream Center|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=2017-10-21|language=en|last1=Moore |first1=Daniel}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/07/17/accreditor-rejects-sale-2-art-institutes|title=Accreditor Rejects Sale of 2 Art Institutes - Inside Higher Ed|publisher=|accessdate=9 June 2018}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.republicreport.org/2018/dream-center-closing-numerous-ex-edmc-campuses/|title=Dream Center Closing Numerous ex-EDMC Campuses|author=|date=June 30, 2018|website=Republic Report|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/article214193329.html|title=For-profit school operator closing 30 campuses, including 3 in NC|author=|date=|website=newsobserver|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/article214063704.html|title=Three for-profit college campuses in NC are expected to shut down by end of the year|author=|date=|website=newsobserver|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.republicreport.org/2019/turmoil-at-dream-center-colleges-spills-open-with-seattle-at-risk-designation/|title=Turmoil at Dream Center Colleges Spills Open With Seattle "At-Risk" Designation|author=|date=January 11, 2019|website=Republic Report|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 49. ^http://www.acics.org/uploadedFiles/Actions/00032209_AI_SA_CSC.pdf 50. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.republicreport.org/2019/dream-center-schools-announce-devos-blessed-restructuring/|title=Dream Center Schools Announce DeVos-Blessed Restructuring|author=|date=January 15, 2019|website=Republic Report|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 51. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2019/01/14/Dream-Center-Education-Holdings-bankruptcy-reorganize-Art-Institutes-campuses-EDMC-accreditation/stories/201901140087|title=Dream Center plans pullout from most Art Institute campuses|author=|date=|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 52. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.educationdive.com/news/how-buying-the-art-institutes-brought-dream-center-to-the-brink-of-collapse/546627/|title=How buying the Art Institutes brought Dream Center to the brink of collapse|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2019/02/07/Art-Institute-of-Pittsburgh-federal-receiver-mark-dottore-dream-center-EDMC/stories/201902070119|title=Art Institute of Pittsburgh to remain open amid talks with buyer, federal receiver says|author=|date=|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dcedh.org/partner-institutions|title=Dream Center Education Holdings, LLC|author=|date=|website=www.dcedh.org|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 55. ^https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/fallout-deepens-as-art-institute-employees-dont-receive-final-paychecks 56. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/06/business/06education.html|title=Education Management Said to Be Sold for $3.4 Billion|date=6 March 2006|work=The New York Times|author=Andrew Ross Sorkin|accessdate=20 May 2013}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.artinstitutes.edu/accreditation-and-licensing|title=Accreditation and Licensing -|website=www.artinstitutes.edu|accessdate=9 June 2018}} 58. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.triblive.com/news/pittsburgh-allegheny/pittsburgh-art-institute-could-lose-accreditation-by-november/|title=Pittsburgh Art Institute could lose accreditation by November - TribLIVE.com|author=|date=|website=archive.triblive.com|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/education/art-institute-of-seattle-lays-off-all-but-3-full-time-teachers-amid-fears-for-schools-future/|title=Art Institute of Seattle lays off all but 3 full-time teachers amid fears for school’s future|author=|date=October 25, 2018|website=The Seattle Times|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 60. ^{{Cite news | first = Carla | last = Wade | url=https://www.ktnv.com/news/deal-reached-to-keep-art-institute-of-las-vegas-open-amid-financial-struggles | title=Deal reached to keep Art Institute of Las Vegas open amid financial struggles | date = March 8, 2019 | access-date = March 8, 2019 | newspaper=KTNV-TV}} 61. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Students-Blindsided-by-Mission-Valley-School-Closure-506853461.html?amp=y |title=Students Blindsided by Art Institute of California Campus Closure |first=Danielle |last=Radin |date=March 8, 2019 |publisher=NbcSanDiego.Com |accessdate=March 8, 2019 |quote="Students are outraged they were not given notice that a San Diego higher education institute is shutting down. On Friday the Art Institute of California in Mission Valley closed for good. "It kind of blindsided everybody," said student Randy LaVea. Students were wondering why they weren't told of the closure until a few days before it happened."}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.kqed.org/perspectives/201601137951/left-behind-by-the-art-institute|title=Left Behind by the Art Institute|author=|date=November 29, 2018|website=KQED|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cpr.org/news/story/as-the-art-institute-of-colorado-shutters-students-and-teachers-are-left-scrambling|title=As Art Institute Of Colorado Shutters, Students And Teachers Still Reel From The Chaos|first=Stephanie|last=Wolf|date=|website=Colorado Public Radio|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 64. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/12/10/dream-center-colleges-closing-years-end|title=Dream Center colleges closing at year's end|author=|date=|website=www.insidehighered.com|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 65. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2019/01/31/Art-Institute-of-Pittsburgh-to-close-in-March/stories/201901310093|title=Art Institute of Pittsburgh to close in March, affecting more than 2,100 students|author=|date=|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=February 20, 2019}} 66. ^http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2015/05/06/edmc-to-close-15-art-institute-locations.html 67. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2018/11/20/Art-Institute-of-Pittsburgh-Dream-Center-EDMC-Accreditation-school/stories/201811200165|title=Art Institute of Pittsburgh granted another 3 months to comply with accreditation standards|author=|date=|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=February 20, 2019}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/about/data-center/school/hcm |title=Heightened Cash Monitoring | Federal Student Aid |publisher=Studentaid.ed.gov |date= |accessdate=2018-06-09}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kvue.com/news/investigations/defenders/kvue-defenders-investigation-for-profit-universities/165176729|title=KVUE Defenders Investigation: For-Profit Universities|last=Pierrotti|first=Andy|date=2016-05-02|website=KVUE|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-30}} 70. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/profit-college-company-pay-955-million-settle-claims-illegal-recruiting-consumer-fraud-and|title=For-Profit College Company to Pay $95.5 Million to Settle Claims of Illegal Recruiting, Consumer Fraud and Other Violations|date=2015-11-16|website=United States Department of Justice|access-date=2016-05-30}} 71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.republicreport.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/D-Halperin-Stealing-Americas-Future-ebook.pdf|title=Stealing America's Future|last=Halperin|first=David|date=2014-03-31|publisher=Republican Report}} 72. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://blog.debtcollective.org/what-art-institutes-students-need-to-know-about-teach-outs-campus-closures/|title=What Art Institutes Students Need to Know About Teach Outs & Campus Closures|date=22 January 2016|publisher=|access-date=June 9, 2018}} 73. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2019/02/13/Financial-aid-Art-Institute-Dream-Center-Education-Holdings-EDMC-Mark-Dottore/stories/201902130104|title=$13 million in financial aid missing? Federal receiver tries to track down money from Art Institute owners|author=|date=|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate=February 20, 2019}} 74. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/02/19/education-dept-steps-help-argosy-university-students-shorted-million-financial-aid-dollars/ 75. ^https://triblive.com/local/allegheny/14614090-74/federal-receiver-overseeing-art-institute-of-pittsburgh-running-out-of-money 76. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.republicreport.org/2019/dream-center-receiver-says-devos-blessed-studio-enterprise-is-taking-money-for-nothing/|title=Dream Center Receiver Says DeVos-Blessed Studio Enterprise Is Taking Money for Nothing|author=|date=February 12, 2019|website=Republic Report|access-date=February 20, 2019}} 77. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.republicreport.org/2019/devos-backed-deal-would-allow-secretive-non-profit-to-enrich-related-for-profit/|title=DeVos-Backed Deal Would Allow Secretive Non-Profit to Enrich Related For-Profit|last=|first=|date=|website=Republic Report|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 78. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.republicreport.org/2019/betsy-devos-caused-a-for-profit-college-meltdown-and-now-shes-doing-nothing-for-the-students/|title=Betsy DeVos Caused A For-Profit College Meltdown and Now She's Doing Nothing for the Students|author=|date=February 15, 2019|website=Republic Report|access-date=February 20, 2019}} 79. ^http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=87813&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=128987&highlight=< 80. ^https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/880059/000095012800001178/j8404401e10-k.txt 81. ^{{cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Education-Management-Corp/128560/|title=Education Management Corp. Improperly Paid Recruiters, Prosecutors Say|first=Josh|date=August 8, 2011|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|author=Keller|access-date=November 22, 2011}} 82. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/education/09forprofit.html|title=For-Profit College Group Sued as U.S. Lays Out Wide Fraud|first=Tamar|date=August 8, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|author=Lewin|access-date=October 5, 2011}} 83. ^{{cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/A-Chain-of-For-Profit-Art/129611/|title=A Chain of For-Profit Art Institutes Comes Under Scrutiny|first=Josh|date=November 6, 2011|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|author=Keller|access-date=November 22, 2011}} 84. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/edmc-professors-and-stude_b_1909449.html | work=Huffington Post | title=EDMC Professors and Students Speak: How Lobbyists and Goldman Sachs Ruined For-Profit Education | date=24 September 2012}} 85. ^{{cite web|url=http://bangordailynews.com/2013/05/31/politics/judge-wont-dismiss-complaints-against-for-profit-college-firm-linked-to-former-gov-john-mckernan/|title=Judge allows lawsuit against for-profit college firm linked to ex-Gov. McKernan to continue|last=Cousins|first=Christopher|date=June 1, 2013|website=The Bangor Daily News|access-date=May 30, 2016}} 86. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SF-wins-4-4M-settlement-with-for-profit-art-5559635.php|title=SF wins $4.4 million settlement with for-profit art school|last=Asimov|first=Nanette|date=2014-06-17|website=SFGate|access-date=May 30, 2016}} 87. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2016/04/11/class-says-for-profit-art-school-stiffs-profs.htm|title=Class Says For-Profit Art School Stiffs Profs|last=Renda|first=Matthew|date=2016-04-11|website=Courthouse News Service|access-date=May 30, 2016}} 88. ^{{cite web|url=https://predatorystudentlending.org/cases/bauer-v-devos-capps-v-devos/|title=Bauer v. DeVos and CAPPS v. DeVos|author=|date=|website=Predatory Student Lending|access-date=February 20, 2019}} 89. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.citizen.org/media/press-releases/court-ruling-clears-way-2016-borrower-defense-rule-take-effect|title=Public Citizen Press Room - Public Citizen|author=|date=|website=www.citizen.org|access-date=February 20, 2019}} 90. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2018/12/07/Dream-Center-Chicago-lawsuit-Art-Institutes-accreditation-Education-Management-Corp/stories/201812070137|title=Dream Center faces lawsuit over Art Institutes' accreditation claims|author=|date=|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=February 20, 2019}} External links
6 : The Art Institutes|Graphic design schools in the United States|Art schools in the United States|Cooking schools in the United States|Educational institutions established in 1969|1969 establishments in Pennsylvania |
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