| 词条 | Shattering (agriculture) |
| 释义 |
In agriculture, shattering is the dispersal of a crop's seeds upon their becoming ripe. From an agricultural perspective this is generally an undesirable process, and in the history of crop domestication several important advances have involved a mutation in a crop plant that reduced shattering — instead of the seeds being dispersed as soon as they were ripe, the mutant plants retained the seeds for longer, which made harvesting much more effective. A particularly important mutation that was selected very early in the history of agriculture removed the "brittle rachis" problem from wheat.[1] A ripe head ("ear") of wild-type wheat is easily shattered into dispersal units when touched, or blown by the wind, because during ripening a series of abscission layers forms that divides the rachis into short segments, each attached to a single spikelet (which contains 2–3 grains along with chaff). A different class of shattering mechanisms involves dehiscence of the mature fruit, which releases the seeds. Current research priorities to understand the genetics of shattering include the following crops:
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Seed Dispersal and Crop Domestications: Shattering, Germination and Seasonality in Evolution under Cultivation|author1=Dorian Q. Fuller |author2=Robin Allaby |lastauthoramp=yes |journal=Annual Plant Reviews|year=2009|volume=38|pages=238–295|doi=10.1002/9781444314557.ch7|isbn=9781444314557 }} {{Barley}}{{Wheat}}2. ^{{cite journal|author1=Kandemir, N. |author2=Kudrna, D.A. |author3=Ullrich, S.E. |author4=Kleinhofs, A. |year=2000|title=Molecular marker assisted genetic analysis of head shattering in six-rowed barley|journal=Theoretical and Applied Genetics|volume=101|issue=1|pages=203–210|doi=10.1007/s001220051470}} 3. ^Ivan N. FESENKO 2006. Non-shattering accessions of Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. carry recessive alleles at two loci affecting development of functional abscission layer. Fagopyrum 23: 7-10 4. ^Brenner, D.M. 2002. Non-shattering grain amaranth populations. p. 104–106. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.), Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. 5. ^{{cite book|chapter=Breeding Brassica napus for Shatter Resistance|author1=S. Hossain |author2=G.P. Kadkol |author3=R. Raman |author4=P.A. Salisbury |author5=H. Raman |last-author-amp=yes |chapter-url=http://cdn.intechweb.org/pdfs/25563.pdf|title=Plant Breeding| isbn=978-953-307-932-5|doi=10.5772/29051|year=2012 }} 6. ^{{citation |author1=Moazzami, A. |author2=Kamal-Eldin, A. |year=2006 |title=Sesame seed is a rich source of dietary lignans |journal=Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society |volume=83 |issue=8 |pages=719–723 |doi=10.1007/s11746-006-5029-7}} 7. ^{{citation |url=http://library.ndsu.edu/tools/dspace/load/%3Ffile%3D/repository/bitstream/handle/10365/5281/a686.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1 |title=Canola Production |author1=Duane R. Berglund |author2=Kent McKay |author3=Janet Knodel |last-author-amp=yes |publisher=NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University |year=2007 |accessdate=9 November 2015}} 2 : History of agriculture|Mutation |
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