| 词条 | Sheina Marshall |
| 释义 |
|name = Sheina Macalister Marshall | honorific_suffix = OBE FRSE FRS |image = Sheina MacAlister Marshall.jpg |image_size = 200px |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1896|4|20|df=yes}} |birth_place = Rothesay, Scotland |death_date = {{death date and age |1977|4|7 |1896|4|20 |df=yes}} |death_place =Millport, Scotland | death_cause = Heart attack |nationality =Scottish |other_names = | education = BSc (1919), DSc (1934) University of Glasgow |known_for = The study of marine productivity, animal and plant plankton in particular the copepod Calanus | honours = FRSE (1949), FRS (1961), OBE (1966) }} Dr Sheina Macalister Marshall {{Post-nominals|post-noms= OBE FRSE FRS}} (20 April 1896 – 7 April 1977) was a Scottish marine biologist who dedicated her life to the study of plant and animal plankton. She was an authority on the copepod Calanus. She worked at the Marine Biological Station at Millport, Cumbrae in Scotland from 1922-1964.[1][2][3][4] LifeSheina Marshall was born on 20 April 1896 in Rothesay, Scotland, the second daughter of three, to Jean Colville (née Binnie, born 1861/2) and Dr John Nairn Marshall (born 1860) of Mount Stuart House.[5][6] Marshall's father, a general practitioner, had an interest in natural history and encouraged his daughters' interest in the subject. Initially Marshall was educated by governesses, later attending Rothesay Academy and St Margaret's School in Polmont. In 1914 she entered the University of Glasgow to study for a BSc in Zoology, botany and physiology. After an interruption in her studies due to World War I she graduated with honours in 1919.[5][7] She held a Carnegie Fellowship at the University from 1920 to 1922 and worked with the professor of zoology, John Graham Kerr.[5][7] In 1922, she took a job at the Marine Biological Station in Millport on the Isle of Cumbrae. where she worked for the rest of her life.[5][7] From 1928 to 1929 Marshall travelled with Frederick Stratten Russell and J. S. Colman on the Great Barrier Reef Expedition led by Maurice Yonge.[8] Marshall studied the marine food chain, in particular copepods. It became her life's work. She collaborated for almost 40 years with the chemist, Andrew Picken Orr. Together they studied the plankton and phytoplankton in and around the river Clyde and Loch Striven. They authored several books and many papers together.[5] In 1934 Marshall received a DSc from the University of Glasgow.[4][7] In the 1940s she researched seaweeds around Britain as a source of agar and examined the effect of fertilizers on marine productivity at Loch Craiglin.[5] In 1949 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, one of the few female Fellows. Her proposers were Sir John Graham Kerr, James Ritchie, Sir Maurice Yonge, Charles Wynford Parsons and Andrew Orr. In 1963 she was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.[9] She retired as Deputy Director of the Station in 1964, but remained there as an Honorary Fellow.[7] Between 1970 and 1971 she attended at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the USA and visited the Villefranche-sur-Mer Marine Station in France 1974. In 1987 she published a history of the Marine Station.[10] Outside her work she enjoyed walking, foreign travel, needlework, poetry and music. She was considered hospitable, dignified and generous.[11] She died of a heart attack at Lady Margaret Hospital, Millport, Cumbrae on 7 April 1977.[5] She bequeathed her house at Millport to the Directors of Millport.[11] FamilyHer sisters were Margaret Marshall OBE, Matron at Edinburgh's Royal Infirmary and Dorothy Nairn Marshal MBE, a museum curator on Bute.[11] HonoursIn 1949 Marshall, along with Ethel Dobbie Currie, became the first women to be elected Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and received its Neill Prize in 1971. In 1961 she became a Fellow of the Royal Society. She was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1966.[5][7] In 1977 she received an honorary degree from the University of Uppsala, in Sweden.[5] The teaching building at Scottish Association for Marine Science at Dunbeg was named in her honour in 2010. WorksMarshall wrote over 60 scientific articles.[12]
References1. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Russell | first1 = Frederick | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1978.0011 | title = Sheina Macalister Marshall. 20 April 1896 – 7 April 1977 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 24 | pages = 368–389| year = 1978 | pmid = | pmc = }} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Waterston|first1=Charles D|last2=Macmillan Shearer|first2=A|title=Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|accessdate=15 December 2011|volume=II|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-902198-84-5}} 3. ^Charles H. Smith, Chrono-biographical sketch: Sheina M. Marshall, 2005. Accessed 18 December 2011. 4. ^1 {{Cite book|url =|title = The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science|last = Ogilvie|first = Marilyn Bailey|last2 = Harvey|first2 = Joy Dorothy|date = 2000|publisher = Taylor & Francis|isbn = 9780415920407|pages = 846–847|language = en}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite web|url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/53916|title = Sheina Marshall|last = Deacon|first = Margaret|year = 2004|website = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher = Oxford University Press|publication-place = Oxford|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/53916|access-date = 2016-04-02}} 6. ^'Dr Sheina Marshall', The Times, 15 April 1977 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url = http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH1309|title = Sheina Marshall|website = The University of Glasgow Story|publisher = University of Glasgow|publication-place = Glasgow, Scotland|access-date = 2016-04-02}} 8. ^Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29: scientific reports, 1932. 9. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 10. ^{{Cite book|url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60305763|title = An account of the Marine Station at Millport.|last = Marshall|first = Sheina M|last2 = University Marine Biological Station|date = 1987-01-01|publisher = University Marine Biological Station|language = English}} 11. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VfSkBgAAQBAJ|title = The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women: From the Earliest Times to 2004|last = Ewan|first = Elizabeth|last2 = Innes|first2 = Sue|last3 = Reynolds|first3 = Sian|publisher = Edinburgh University Press|year = 2006|isbn = 9780748617135|publication-place = Edinburgh|pages = 254–255|language = en}} 12. ^Biography of Sheina Marshall at the University of Glasgow. Further reading
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16 : 1896 births|1977 deaths|People from Rothesay, Bute|Scottish marine biologists|Scottish zoologists|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Female Fellows of the Royal Society|Alumni of the University of Glasgow|Scottish women scientists|Women zoologists|Women marine biologists|Marine zoologists|Fellows of the Royal Society|20th-century women scientists|British oceanographers |
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