| 词条 | Shenshou |
| 释义 |
| name = Shenshou lui | fossil_range = {{fossil range|160}} Oxfordian | image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Synapsida | ordo = †Euharamiyida | familia = | genus = †Shenshou | species = †S. lui | binomial = †Shenshou lui | binomial_authority = Bi, Wang, Guan, Sheng and Meng, 2014 }}Shenshou lui is a haramiyidan dating from the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic, approximately 160 million years ago. Fossils were recovered from the Tiaojishan Formation in the Liaoning province of China.[1] EtymologyThe generic name is derived from Mandarin (神獸 shénshòu) shen, meaning deity, and shou, meaning animal, while the specific name is in reference to Lu Jianhua, the scientist who collected the holotype specimen.[1] DescriptionShenshou is thought to be arboreal because it had a light frame, a prehensile and elongated tail, and hands and feet which had evolved for clutching and enabled the animal to climb.[2][3] These features, including the large incisors of Shenshou, made the animal resemble a squirrel. However, Shenshou are not the direct ancestors of squirrels, the resemblance being purely due to convergent evolution.[3] Individuals are believed to have weighed {{convert|300|g|oz}}.[1] The presence of a three-boned middle ear suggests these animals were mammals;[3] however, it has since been determined haramiyidans developed their ear bones independently from true mammals and are Mammaliaformes outside of the mammal crown-group.[4][5][6] The teeth, which have a number of cusps, suggest that Shenshou was probably an omnivore, most likely with a diet of fruits, nuts and insects.[3][7]SignificanceThe remains of Shenshou were discovered along with fossils of two other extinct squirrel-like animals, Xianshou songae and Xianshou linglong, in strata dating back 160 million years. The animals were found to belong to a group referred to as haramiyids, now identifiable as early mammals. They lived alongside another group of small rodent-like animals, the multituberculates, which were already accepted as mammals. This discovery has pushed the date of the origin of mammals back to the Late Triassic, the period in which the haramiyid-multituberculate clade, Allotheria, originated, about 220 million to 200 million years ago.[1][2] Haramiyids were previously known from fragments of teeth and jaw, but the less complete remains had not established whether they were mammals. The fossils found consisted of a skull, teeth and parts of the skeleton, which clearly indicate that Shenshou – and the other haramiyids – are mammals. Until this was established, mammals were thought to have originated in the Middle Jurassic, which lasted from 174 million to 164 million years ago.[1][3] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |last=Bi |first=Shundong |last2=Wang |first2=Yuanqing |first3=Jian|last3=Guan|last4=Sheng |first4=Xia |last5=Meng |first5=Jin |date=10 September 2014 |title=Three new Jurassic euharamiyidan species reinforce early divergence of mammals |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13718.html |journal=Nature |publisher=Nature Publishing Group |volume= 514|issue= 7524|pages= 579–584|doi=10.1038/nature13718 |accessdate=10 September 2014 |subscription=yes |pmid=25209669}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q18121253}}2. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/09/140910-fossil-mammal-china-triassic-origin/ | title= Chisel-Toothed Beasts Push Back Origin of Mammals | author=Switek, Brian | website=National Geographic | date= 10 September 2014 | accessdate = 12 September 2014}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | url=http://www.livescience.com/47774-ancient-squirrels-push-back-mammal-evolution.html | title= Ancient Squirrel-Like Creatures Push Back Mammal Evolution | author=Choi, Charles Q. | website=LiveScience | date= 10 September 2014 | accessdate = 11 September 2014}} 4. ^{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Jawbone in Rock May Clear Up a Mammal Family Mystery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/science/haramiyid-jawbone-in-rock-may-clear-up-a-mammal-family-mystery.html |date=16 November 2015 |work=New York Times |accessdate=17 November 2015 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Zhe-Xi |last2=Gates|first2=Stephen M. |last3=Jenkins Jr. |first3=Farish A. |last4=Amaral |first4=William W. |last5=Shubin |first5=Neil H. |title=Mandibular and dental characteristics of Late Triassic mammaliaform Haramiyavia and their ramifications for basal mammal evolution |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/11/1519387112 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1519387112 |pmid=26630008 |date=16 November 2015 |journal=PNAS |volume=112 |issue=51 |accessdate=17 November 2015 |pages=E7101–E7109|pmc=4697399 }} 6. ^Qing-Jin Meng; David M. Grossnickle; Di Liu; Yu-Guang Zhang; April I. Neander; Qiang Ji; Zhe-Xi Luo (2017). "New gliding mammaliaforms from the Jurassic". Nature. in press. doi:10.1038/nature23476. 7. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140910132522.htm | title=Three extinct squirrel-like species discovered: Mammals may have originated much earlier than thought| website=ScienceDaily |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |date=10 September 2014| accessdate=12 September 2014}} 6 : Euharamiyids|Prehistoric mammal genera|Jurassic tetrapods|Prehistoric animals of China|Fossil taxa described in 2014|Monotypic mammal genera |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。