| 词条 | Shetrunji River |
| 释义 |
| name = Shetrunji | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = India | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Gujarat | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|227|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | discharge2_location= Arabian Sea | discharge2_min = | discharge2_avg = | discharge2_max = | source1 = | source1_location = India | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Arabian Sea, India | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Shetrunji River (alternate: Satrunji) is a west-flowing river in western India in Gujarat. GeographyIt rises northeast of the Gir Hills, near Dhari in Amreli district. Its course begins east-northeast along a lineament which runs parallel to the Narmada Fault,[1] passes north of Palitana's hills, Shatrunjaya, then in a southeasterly direction past Talaja Hill, through a peninsula, before reaching the Gulf of Cambay, approximately {{convert|6|miles}} north of Goapnath Point.[2][3] It has two mouths, one situated approximately {{convert|4.5|miles}} north of the point, and the other being an additional {{convert|1.5|miles}} to the north.[4] Situated {{convert|4.5|miles}} eastward of the river's mouth is Sultanpur Shoal.[2] Shetrunji's basin has a maximum length of {{convert|227|km}}. The total catchment area of the basin is {{convert|5636|km2}}.[5] Along with the Ghelo, Kalubhar, and the Vagad Rivers, the Shetrunji is a principal river of the district, [6] and the second largest river in the region of Saurashtra. The brackish stream, Gagadio, joins the Shetrunji about {{convert|2|km}} from Krankach.[7] Khodiyar Mata is an approximately {{convert|50|ft}} waterfall near Dhari. The topography is a mix of hills and plains. FeaturesThe Palitana dam was built in 1959 across the river at Nani-Rajasthali and represents Shetrunji's irrigation scheme.[8] This scheme is meant to provide river water to a cultivation area of {{convert|56000|-|86000|acres}} of land.[9] Shetrunji supplies drinking water to Bhavnagar.[10] A small port is located at Sultanpur.[2] CultureAn old masjid is situated between the Shetrunji and the Natadia River, while a shrine of Khodiar Mata is situated within the Shetrunji's lower reaches.{{cn|date=July 2015}} Middle to Upper Palaeolithic sites have been found along the river.[11] Archaeological exploration along the river has noted 22 settlements which date circa 1st century BCE to 1st century CE. The sites included nine fishing villages, a mixed use fishing-agrarian village, a mixed use agrarian-salt-farming village, as well as a regional centre. Of these, Padri village dates to the Harappan period, while Hathab village was the largest in the lower river valley,[12] Palitana is situated near the river, serving as the base town for the hills of Shatrunjaya upon which are the Palitana temples, an important place of worship for Jains.{{cn|date=July 2015}} References1. ^{{cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Anil Kumar|title=Proceedings of Indian Geological IVth Session Congress, Varanasi, 1982: a volume in honour of Prof. D.K. Chakravarti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bF7wAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=22 December 2012|year=1985|publisher=Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers|isbn=978-81-7019-270-1|page=187}} {{coord|21|19|N|72|07|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=United States. Hydrographic Office|title=Publications, Issue 159|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xnUPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA345|accessdate=22 December 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1920|pages=345–}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Chopra|first=Pran Nath|title=Encyclopaedia of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c_NtAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=22 December 2012|year=1992|publisher=Rima Publishing House|page=105}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=United States. Naval Oceanographic Office|title=Sailing directions for the west coast of India: Includes Ceylon and Maldive, and Laccadive Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdJHAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=22 December 2012|year=1976|page=132}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Shetrunji River|url=http://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=1697&lang=English|publisher=guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in, Government of Gujarat|accessdate=13 March 2012}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=India. Director of Census Operations, Gujarat|title=Census of India, 2001: District Census Handbook. A & B. Village & town directory; Village panchayat & townwise primary census abstract 1-25 in 28 v.: [1] Ahmadabad (2 pts.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBFXAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=22 December 2012|year=2006|publisher=Controller of Publications|page=10}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Gujarat (India)|title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Surat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z61hAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=22 December 2012|year=1972|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|page=10, 619}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Jain|first1=S. Sharad Kumar|last2=Agarwal|first2=Pushpendra K.|last3=Singh|first3=V. Vijay P.|title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA750|accessdate=22 December 2012|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5180-7|pages=750–}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=State Transport Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhPWAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=22 December 2012|volume=10|year=1959}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Mitra|first=Sudipta|title=Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0rME6RjC1sC&pg=PA56|accessdate=22 December 2012|year=2005|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-183-2|pages=56–}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mx0eAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 December 2012|year=2007|publisher=order of the Governor-General of India|page=121}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Ray|first=Himanshu Prabha|title=The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHHzP4uVpn4C&pg=PA47|accessdate=22 December 2012|date=14 August 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-01109-9|pages=47–}} 1 : Rivers of Gujarat |
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