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词条 Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries
释义

  1. History

  2. Members

  3. Benghazi Defense Brigades

  4. Notes and references

{{infobox war faction
|name=Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries
|native_name=مجلس شورى ثوار بنغازي
|native_name_lang= ar
|war=the Second Libyan Civil War
|image=
|caption=
|active=20 June 2014[1] – present
|ideology=Islamism
Jihadism
|leaders= Mohamed al-Zahawi {{KIA}}[2]
Ismail Muhammad al-Salabi[3]
Mustafa al-Sharksi[4]
|clans=
|headquarters=
|area=
|strength= At least 4,500 (2014)[5]{{dead link|date=July 2018}}
|partof=
|previous=
|next=
|allies=
|opponents={{Flagicon|Libya}} Operation Dignity coalition
|battles= Second Libyan Civil War
|url=
}}

The Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries ({{lang-ar|مجلس شورى ثوار بنغازي}}, Majlis Shura Thuwar Benghazi) is a military coalition in Benghazi composed of Islamist and jihadist militias,[6] including Ansar al-Sharia, Libya Shield 1, and several other groups.[7]

{{Libyan Civil War map}}

History

The force was initially formed in June 2014, in response both to the anti-Islamist Operation Dignity being led by Khalifa Haftar, and also the defeat of Islamist candidates in the 2014 Council of Deputies election. Afraid of being sidelined and defeated, several Islamist brigades united under a shared umbrella.[8] The consolidation and restructuring allowed the Islamist brigades to limit the success of Haftar's Operation Dignity, before allowing the Islamist groups to push back against the outnumbered forces allied to Haftar.[7]

On 14 July 2014, the council claimed it had taken over Barrack 319, which is one of the largest army barracks in eastern Libya. In late July, they took control of more than five other barracks in Benghazi, including the headquarters of the Al-Saiqa Special Forces unit. On 31 July 2014, the council claimed to have had taken over Benghazi.[9] However it lost control of much of the city to the Libyan National Army in the following months.[10]

Mohammed Salalbi, senior leader of Libya Martyrs' Brigade, stated that the remaining BRSC fighters had retreated from Benghazi and arrived in Derna on 29 December 2017, after misleading the LNA to make their way out.[11] Merhi al-Houti of LNA meanwhile denied that they had retreated, claiming that the army had blocked the road to areas controlled by them and had liberated the entire region from the "terrorist groups". He added that clashes had ended.[12]

Members

As of August 2014, the council was composed of the following groups, among others:[7]

  • Ansar al-Sharia (2014-2017)
  • Libya Shield 1 (2014-2017)
  • February 17th Martyrs Brigade (2014-2017)
  • Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade (2014-2017)
  • Jaysh al-Mujahidin (2014-2017)[2]
  • Brega Martyrs Brigade (2014-2017)[13]

Benghazi Defense Brigades

Formed in June 2016 to protect Bengazi and the Shura Council from the Libyan National Army, the Benghazi Defence Brigades (BDB) included various Libya Dawn militias and was organized under the banner of Saddiq Al-Ghariyani.[14][15] It pledged to support the Government of National Accord (GNA).[15] The GNA members are ambivalent about the BDB with some calling for it to be demarcated as a "terrorist organization".[16] It certaining has links with the jihadist militias,[16] and is apparently opposed to the Presidential Council of the GNA,[17] while at the same time working under Mahdi Al-Barghathi, the Defence Minister of the GNA.[18]

Primarily the Benghazi Defence Brigades (BDB) were involved with the defense of Benghazi against both ISIS and the Libyan National Army (LNA),[19][20] where they lost to the LNA.[21] They were also involved in the 2016 offensive against ISIL's stronghold in Sirte, and occupied Ben Jawad and Nufliya on behalf of the GNA, but they withdrew when the LNA advanced into those towns.[15][17] The BDB were apparently responsible for shooting down a French helicopter that the GNA said was violating Libyan sovereignty.[22][23] The French denied retaliating with airstrikes against the BDB.[24]

The BDB are headquartered at Al Jufra Air Base, along with other GNA forces,[25] and were attacked there by the LNA in December 2016.[18]

Notes and references

1. ^{{cite news|date=18 August 2014|title=Splits emerge between Libyan Islamists and jihadists|url=https://news.yahoo.com/splits-emerge-between-libyan-islamists-jihadists-183000425.html|publisher=AFP|accessdate=15 September 2014}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|title=The Rise and Decline of Ansar al-Sharia in Libya|url=http://www.hudson.org/research/11197-the-rise-and-decline-of-ansar-al-sharia-in-libya|work=Hudson Institute|date=6 April 2015|accessdate=8 April 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Waging the Anti-ISIS Campaign in Bengazi: A Brief Profile of Salafist Commander Ismail Muhammad Al-Salabi|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=45491&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=e92cbc2c01d497431fc6c383088e2bd1#.V1EbB_l97IU|work=Jamestown Foundation|date=2 June 2016|accessdate=2 June 2016}}
4. ^https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-oil-idUSKBN16D19R
5. ^{{cite news|title=A Benghazi power, Libya militia eyed in attack|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/benghazi-power-libya-militia-eyed-attack|author=Maggie Michael & Hamza Hendawi|work=Associated Press|date=18 September 2012|accessdate=10 January 2014}}
6. ^{{cite news|last=Lamloum |first=Imed|date=27 July 2014|title=Libya airport battle 'has killed at least 97'|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jul-27/265273-more-than-50-killed-in-benghazi-tripoli-after-heavy-clashes.ashx?|newspaper=Daily Star|location=Tripoli|accessdate=15 September 2014}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=McGregor|first=Andrew|date=8 August 2014|title=Libya’s Ansar al-Shari’a Declares the Islamic Emirate of Benghazi|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=42729&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7#.U-gKk_k7uG7|journal=Terrorism Monitor|publisher=The Jamestown Foundation|volume=12|issue=16|accessdate=15 September 2014}}
8. ^{{cite news|date=1 August 2014|title=Libya Islamists declare control of Benghazi|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Aug-01/265690-libya-islamists-declare-control-of-benghazi.ashx#axzz3DSNhFVnm|newspaper=Daily Star|accessdate=15 September 2014}}
9. ^{{cite news|date=31 July 2014|accessdate=15 September 2014|title=Benghazi 'falls to al-Qaeda-linked rebels|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/benghazi-falls-al-qaeda-linked-rebels-2014731161541245353.html|work=Al Jazeera English}}
10. ^{{Citation | newspaper = The Star | date = Oct 31, 2014 | url = http://www.thestar.com.my/News/World/2014/10/31/Libyan-army-says-recaptures-four-barracks-in-Benghazi/ | title = Libyan army says recaptures four barracks in Benghazi}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.libyanexpress.com/last-fighters-standing-in-benghazi-leave-for-derna-after-haftars-forces-control-of-ekhribish/|title=Last fighters standing in Benghazi leave for Derna after Haftar’s forces control of Ekhribish|work=Libyan Express}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1128866/libya-haftar-forces-deny-extremists-fled-derna|title=Libya: Haftar Forces Deny Extremists Fled to Derna|work=Asharq al-Awsat}}
13. ^{{cite news|date=22 October 2014|accessdate=22 October 2014|title=Operation Dignity takes control of Guwarsha gate as fighting goes into seventh day|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/10/22/operation-dignity-takes-control-of-guwarsha-gate-as-fighting-goes-into-seventh-day/|work=Libya Herald}}
14. ^{{Cite web|title=Libyan revolutionary factions form Defend Benghazi Brigades |newspaper=The Libya Observer|date=2 June 2016 |url=http://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyan-revolutionary-factions-form-defend-benghazi-brigades |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603140324/http://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyan-revolutionary-factions-form-defend-benghazi-brigades |archivedate=3 June 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
15. ^1 2 {{Cite web|date=6 June 2016 |title=Other Jihadi Actors |publisher=Eyes on ISIS in Libya |url=http://eyeonisisinlibya.com/other-jihadi-actors/other-6-june-2016/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608100410/http://eyeonisisinlibya.com/other-jihadi-actors/other-6-june-2016/ |archivedate=8 June 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
16. ^1 {{Cite web|date=22 June 2016 |title=Benghazi Defence Brigades is Causing More Fractions Among GNA and Eastern Militias |publisher=LibyaAnalysis |url=http://www.libya-analysis.com/benghazi-defence-brigades-is-causing-more-fractions-among-gna-and-eastern-militias/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624021446/http://www.libya-analysis.com/benghazi-defence-brigades-is-causing-more-fractions-among-gna-and-eastern-militias/ |archivedate=24 June 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
17. ^1 {{Cite news|date=7 December 2016 |title=LNA retake Ben Jawad and Nufliya |newspaper=Libya Herald |url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/12/07/lna-retake-ben-jawad-and-nufliya/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208153629/https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/12/07/lna-retake-ben-jawad-and-nufliya/ |archivedate=8 December 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
18. ^1 {{Cite news|date=8 December 2016 |title=Haftar’s warplanes strike Al-Jufra airbase, kill one, injure 14 GNA Defence Ministry forces |newspaper=Libyan Express |url=http://www.libyanexpress.com/haftars-warplanes-strike-al-jufra-airbase-kill-one-injure-14-gna-defence-ministry-forces/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208202211/http://www.libyanexpress.com/haftars-warplanes-strike-al-jufra-airbase-kill-one-injure-14-gna-defence-ministry-forces/ |archivedate=8 December 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
19. ^{{Cite web|title=Benghazi Defense Brigades advance toward Benghazi |newspaper=Libyan Express |date=16 July 2016 |url=http://www.libyanexpress.com/benghazi-defense-brigades-advance-toward-benghazi/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718142310/http://www.libyanexpress.com/benghazi-defense-brigades-advance-toward-benghazi/ |archivedate=18 July 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
20. ^{{Cite web|title= Army says Benghazi terrorists almost beaten |newspaper=Libya Herald |date=20 November 2016 |url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/11/20/army-says-benghazi-terrorists-almost-beaten/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122071240/https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/11/20/army-says-benghazi-terrorists-almost-beaten/ |archivedate=22 November 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
21. ^{{Cite news|date=3 November 2016 |title=LNA reinforces in oil crescent against predicted attack by Barghathi force: report |newspaper=Libya Herald |url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/11/03/lna-reinforces-in-oil-crescent-against-predicted-attack-by-barghathi-force-report/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208205709/https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/11/03/lna-reinforces-in-oil-crescent-against-predicted-attack-by-barghathi-force-report/ |archivedate=8 December 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
22. ^{{Cite news|date=20 July 2016 |title=Libya attack: French soldiers die in helicopter crash |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36843186 |df=dmy}}
23. ^{{Cite web|title=Benghazi Defense Brigades shoot down Dignity Operation helicopter|newspaper=Libyan Express |date=17 July 2016 |url=http://www.libyanexpress.com/benghazi-defense-brigades-shoot-down-dignity-operation-helicopter/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026023432/http://www.libyanexpress.com/benghazi-defense-brigades-shoot-down-dignity-operation-helicopter/ |archivedate=26 October 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
24. ^{{Cite news|first1=Moutaz |last1=Mathi |first2=Hadi |last2=Fornaji |date=20 July 2016 |title=France denies air strikes on Benghazi Defence Brigades as Gharani calls for protests against it |newspaper=Libya Herald |url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/07/20/france-denies-air-strikes-on-benghazi-defence-brigades-as-gharani-calls-for-protests-against-it/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208192848/https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/07/20/france-denies-air-strikes-on-benghazi-defence-brigades-as-gharani-calls-for-protests-against-it/ |archivedate=8 December 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
25. ^{{Cite news|date=16 November 2016 |title=The Anti-ISIS Coalition |publisher=Eye on ISIS in Libya |url=http://eyeonisisinlibya.com/the-anti-isis-coalition/anti-15-nov-2016/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208204834/http://eyeonisisinlibya.com/the-anti-isis-coalition/anti-15-nov-2016/ |archivedate=8 December 2016 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
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3 : 2014 establishments in Libya|Aftermath of the Libyan Civil War (2011)|Jihadist groups in Libya
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