| 词条 | Sind River |
| 释义 |
| name = Sind River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Nallah Sindh.jpg | image_size = 290 px | image_caption = Sind River | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = India | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Jammu and Kashmir | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Kashmir Valley | subdivision_type4 = District | subdivision_name4 = Ganderbal | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|108|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|290|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = {{Coord|34|12|14.860|N|75|35|21.94|E|display=inline,title}} | source1_location = Machoi Glacier | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|4800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = {{Coord|34|11|2.382|N|74|40|36.21|E|display=inline}} | mouth_location = Jehlum river at Shadipora | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1600|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The Sind River or the Sindh River is a river in the Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir state of India. It is a major tributary of the Jehlum River and is 108 kilometres long. GeographyThe Sind River forms the Sind Valley. The source of the river lies in Machoi Glacier at an elevation of 4800 metres, east of Amarnath temple south of Zojila pass.[1][2] It flows through Panjtarni (a camping site of Amarnath yatra) southwards up to Domail where it joins a tributary which doubles its flow from Kolhoi Glacier. It flows mostly westwards along with NH 1D and is fed by many glacial streams on its way to Ganderbal town. At Kichpora Preng it is fed by Wangath river which flows down from the Gangabal Lake. The major tributaries of the river are:
surfraw Nallah is Big Nallah which joins The Sindh at Surfraw(Soraf raw).This Nallah is also known for Beauty and Fish.[3] It is navigable from Ganderbal town onwards as the waterflow slows down. It joins the Jehlum River at Shadipora.[4] 17 kilometres northwest from Srinagar city. The Sind River passes through a famous alpine hill station Sonamarg where river rafting[5] tournaments on the river are being organised yearly by the Tourism Department of Jammu and Kashmir.[6] It is the only river in Jammu and Kashmir on which three hydroelectric power plants are functional. The waters of the river are used for irrigation by way of different canals[7] and for domestic use after going through water treatment plants. FishThe Sind River is the natural habitat of trout, and other various types of fishes. The most famous among them are:[8]
Ecological issuesTrout and hence trout fishing are at risk along the Sind.h
Major projects on the Sind
Major bridges
See also
References1. ^{{cite book | author=Lulu | title=Explore Kashmiri Pandits | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoC6GWr47QC&pg=PA37&dq=Sind+river+has+its+source+in+inner+himalayas&output=html_text&cd=7 | accessdate=11 October 2013 |date= | publisher=Lulu.com | isbn=9780963479860 | page=37–}} {{Kashmir Valley}}{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}2. ^{{cite book | author=Kalhana | title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmi | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4rcwLQDFh-EC&pg=RA1-PA12&dq=source+of+Sind+river&output=html_text&cd=2 | accessdate=11 October 2013 |year=2001 | publisher=Elibron.com, 2001 | isbn=9781402173486 | page=12–}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nih.ernet.in/rbis/india_information/iNDUS_PROJECTS.htm|title=Upper Sindht II, Water Resources Projects in Indus Basin|publisher=nih.ernet.in|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710143538/http://www.nih.ernet.in/rbis/india_information/iNDUS_PROJECTS.htm|archivedate=10 July 2015|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.villages.ws/india/jammu_kashmir/bandipora/shadipora_sumbal_0248368.htm|title=Shadipora|publisher=wikiedit.org}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Srinagar/Sonmarg-Two-die-in-rafting-accident/Article1-713725.aspx|title=Sonamarg, two died in river rafting|publisher=hindustantimes.com|accessdate=2012-04-19}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sonamarg.org/hello-world/|title=Sonamarg, Kashmir-Travel and tourist guide|publisher=sonamarg.org}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ikashmir.net/geography/chapter2.1.html|title=Geography of Jammu and Kashmir State|publisher=ikashmir.net}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.growfish.com.au/content.asp?ContentId=7373|title=Gippsland Aquaculture Industry Network-Gain|publisher=growfish.com.au|accessdate=2012-02-22|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220165637/http://www.growfish.com.au/content.asp?ContentId=7373|archivedate=20 February 2012|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Petr|first=ed. by T.|title=Fish and fisheries at higher altitudes : Asia|year=1999|publisher=FAO|location=Rome|isbn=92-5-104309-4|page=72|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4HESCeJyZcC&pg=PA72&dq=Vishansar+Lake#v=onepage&q=Vishansar%20Lake&f=false}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2011/Apr/26/sand-extraction-human-waste-destroy-trout-habitat-46.asp|title=sand extraction, human waste destroy trout habitat|publisher=greaterkashmir.com|date=|accessdate=2011-04-26}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Wayil.html|title=Wayil India page|publisher=fallingrain.com}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jammukashmirholidays.com/ganderbal.aspx|title=Jammu Kashmir Holidays|publisher=jammukashmirholidays.com}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/Apr/27/upper-sindh-partially-resumes-generation-88.asp|title=Upper Sindh partially resumes generation|publisher=greaterkashmir.com|date=|accessdate=2010-04-27}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2009/Sep/15/upper-sindh-project-still-not-working-72.asp|title=Upper Sindh Project still not working|publisher=greaterkashmir.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-15}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirnow.com/kashmir_news/7048-Rangil-water-treatment-plant-operate-soon.html|title=Rangil Water Treatment Plan to operate soon|publisher=kashmirnow.com|date=|accessdate=2008-09-18}} 3 : Indus basin|Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir|Geography of Ganderbal district |
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